Why the Summit of the Great Pyramid is Missing History for GRANITE 2024-10-18 | The top of the Great Pyramid is a flat and wide summit, and has received a greater share of destruction than other Egyptian pyramids. There are many accounts of visitors to the top of the Great Pyramid, but nobody has ever confessed to destroying the peak.When did this damage occur and why? This video cross references testimonies and measurements of the pyramid for the past 2000 years to pinpoint exact moments in history when courses of the pyramid came off.But was this destruction random violence from bored tourists? A logical motive provides a framework for understanding exactly why the pyramid is the way we see it today.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join-------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for photos: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to the Harvard Digital Giza Archive:http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/Thanks to Stephen Bergdoll for the suggestion to read Davison's notes, and many other great sources compiled in his book "Secrets of the Pyramid of Khufu"Thanks to the Glen Dash Foundation for the summit climb of the Great Pyramid videoyoutube.com/watch?v=eD0-esPrYRMThanks to Valery Senmuth for many images and sources, including the mast removal of the Great Pyramidyoutube.com/watch?v=wFMHT10gaTAabcnews.go.com/International/egyptian-man-climbs-great-pyramid-giza-throws-stones/story?id=62778606Quotations Sources: Ogier d'Anglure "Le sainct voyaige de Jherusalem" Booardot and Longnon 1878 Pp. 65-68Georges Goyon "Les Rangs d'Assises de la Grande Pyramide" Bulletin De L'Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale (BIFAO) 1978 Pp. 405Edme Jomard "Description De l’Egypte" Descriptions Vol II Book XVII 1809 Pp 68Jacques Grobert "Description des Pyramides de Ghize de la Ville du Kaire et de ses Environs" Logerot-Petiet, Paris, 1801 Pp. 6300:00 Introduction2:36 Wooden Mast3:47 Antiquity Testimony6:24 Medieval Testimony7:32 Counting Problems9:32 Nathaniel Davison11:25 Top Course 20613:27 Casing Removal14:47 Major Destruction15:21 Napoleon in Egypt17:15 Destruction Explanation19:34 Individual Responsibility
The Emptiness of Pyramid Sarcophagi History for GRANITE 2024-09-12 | The pyramids of Old Kingdom Egypt are renowned for their size and magnificence, and yet the sarcophagi within them are rarely the finest specimens.Why are so many of these stone boxes uninscribed, lacking embellishment, and even roughly finished?This video traces the history of sarcophagi in pyramids from the earliest examples at Saqqara through the 4th, 5th and 6th dynasties to look for patterns and clues. The mastaba field at Giza will be compared with how the finest granite coffers looked among the royal court.Finally, the unique and sealed empty sarcophagus of Sekhmekhet will give a context that no plundered pyramid can provide.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join-------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for pyramid sarcophagi photos: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to the Laboratory of Alternative History for imagery of Sekhemkhet and the Djoser South Tomblah.ruyoutube.com/@OnlineLAIyoutube.com/watch?v=GSVrBHo0RoEyoutube.com/watch?v=NBur_RKBw6AThanks to UnchartedX for the imagery of alabaster sarcophagi at the Stepped Pyramid of Djoseryoutube.com/@UnchartedXyoutube.com/watch?v=jHK2-MoR9FsThanks to @AncientArchitects for an audio clip on Djoser’s pyramid complexThanks to Keith Hamilton for his illustration of Djoser’s South Tombhttps://www.academia.edu/121798851/Djosers_Step_pyramid_complex_Part_2_the_south_tomb_and_enclosure_wallThanks to the Harvard Digital Giza Archive:http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/Graphics Sources:Zaharia Goneim “Horus Sekhem-khet” The Unfinished Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Vol. 1, Cairo, 1957Zakaria Goneim “The Lost Pyramid” Rinehard & Company, USA, 1956Hermann Junker “Giza Vol 1-11” Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky A.-G., Vienna, 1929-1953Audran Labrousee “L’architecture des pyramides a textes” Vol 1 & 2, IFAO, Cairo, 2000John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part II. The Great Pyramid” London, 1840John Shae Perring “Pyramids to the Southward of Gizeh: Part III” London, 1842William Kelly Simpson “The Mastabas of Kawab, Khafkhufu I and II” Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Boston, 1978Charles Piazzi Smyth “Life and Work at the Great Pyramid Vol II” Edmonston and Douglas, 1867Miroslav Verner “The Pyramids (New and Revised) AUC Press Cairo 2020W.M. Flinders Petrie “Meydum” 1892W.M. Flinders Petrie & Gerald Wainright, “Meydum and Memphis III”, 1910Quotations Sources: Zahi Hawass “The Pyramids of the Old Kingdom” Ahram Online, June 25, 2024https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/50/1207/526048/AlAhram-Weekly/Heritage/The-pyramids-of-the-Old-Kingdom.aspxJohn Shae Perring “Pyramids to the Southward of Gizeh: Part III” London, 1842Zaharia Goneim “The Lost Pyramid” Rinehard & Company, USA, 195600:00 Introduction1:54 Djoser’s Pyramid Box2:49 Djoser’s South Tomb4:54 First Pyramid Sarcophagi6:13 Sekhemkhet’s Sarcophagus9:00 Mastaba 1710:04 Great Pyramid11:50 Khufu’s Son Kawab14:04 Sarcophagus Security16:51 Pyramid Quality Control18:03 Sealed Sarcophagus19:26 Sealed Passage21:53 Planning Ahead
How Sand Built the Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2024-06-20 | The ‘Queen’s Chamber’ in the Great Pyramid of Giza is conspicuously unique in its design, location, and finish. In the passage leading to the chamber, drilling was conducted in 1986 which found anomalous quartz sand behind the stones. Despite the well-graded quartz sand being transported from a great distance, there has not been any follow-up investigations to reveal its purpose.This video examines the physical properties of the quartz sand and uses it to tie many anomalies of the Queen’s Chamber together. The biggest question that remains, is how much of the Great Pyramid was built using this sand?--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join-------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for photos: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to @AncientArchitects for a clip of the Queen’s ChamberGraphics Sources:"Aspects Techniques Et Physiques De L'Operation Kheops" Annales De L'Institut Technique Du Batiment Et Des Travaux Publics. No 454 - May 1987. Serie: Architecture Et UrbanismGilles Dormion & Jean-Patrice Goidin “Les Nouveaux Mystères de le Grande Pyramide” Albin Michel, Paris, 1987Gilles Dormion “La chambre de Cheops” Librairie Artheme Fayard, 2004John & Morton Edgar “The Great Pyramid Passages” Bone & Hulley 1910.“Scanning the Pyramids” HIP Institute, 2017Mark Lehner & Zahi Hawass “Giza and the Pyramids: The Definitive History” University of Chicago Press, 2017Studies in Egyptian Culture No 6 “Non-Destructive Pyramid Investigation (1) By Electromagnetic Wave Method. Waseda University, Tokyo 1987Studies in Egyptian Culture No 8 “Non-Destructive Pyramid Investigation (2) Waseda University, Tokyo 1987Go Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza: giza.mused.com/en/guided/266/go-inside-the-great-pyramid-of-giza00:00 Introduction1:52 Drilling the Pyramid3:04 Anomalous Sand4:25 Comparing Sands5:30 Sand Construction Benefits7:21 Queen’s Chamber Design8:42 Construction Clues10:35 Massive Ceiling Beams12:18 Removing Stones & Sand13:34 Discovering the Chamber14:57 Aligned Joints
The Pyramid Data Nobody Can See History for GRANITE 2024-04-29 | The pyramids of Egypt remain difficult to study because the documentation for them is inconsistent and incomplete. Many brave explorers sacrificed much to gather data hundreds of years ago, but the modern research is not so selfless.This video examines studies conducted on pyramids with modern technology and highlights the problem of for-profit enterprises claiming our common cultural heritage.There remains invisible evidence in the pyramids that can be seen in old photographs, and these clues may have profound implications for the history of the Great Pyramid and all of Old Kingdom Egypt.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join--------------------Visit the Harvard Digital Giza Archive:http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/3D Great Pyramid Walkthrough:giza.mused.com/en/guided/266/go-inside-the-great-pyramid-of-giza-in-3dPeter Der Manuelian’s SketchFab:sketchfab.com/pmanuelianThanks to the Isida Project for photos: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to allpyramids.com for the photo where the Sneferu Cartouche can’t be seenThanks to Keith Hamilton for the great Petrie and Drower quotes: https://keithhamilton.academia.edu/researchThanks to Anyextee for the Sneferu Cartouche video clipyoutube.com/@AnyexteeQuotations Sources: Howard Vyse “Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh Vol II” 1840, London, Pp. 180 Flinders Petrie “Naukratis Part 1” 1884, Pp. 2 Margaret Drower “Flinders Petrie, A life in Archaeology” University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, Pp. 432 “The Pyramids: Solving the Mystery” Ep 1 Label News, 2018 “The Pyramids: Solving the Mystery” Ep 4 Label News, 2018 Graphics Sources:John & Morton Edgar, “The Great Pyramid Passages and Chambers Vol 1” 1910John & Morton Edgar, “The Great Pyramid Passages and Chambers Vol II” 1913Jean-Pierre Houdin “Khufu Reborn - Dassault Systemes” 2013youtube.com/watch?v=3NCK99mQUxwKhufu Revealedyoutube.com/watch?v=eGqfdXkAQMkJohn Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part II. The Great Pyramid” London, 1840John Shae Perring “Pyramids to the Southward of Gizeh: Part III” London, 1842W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 1883“The Pyramids: Solving the Mystery” Label News, 2018Stanford University Special Collections No. M0279 "Correspondence, primarily between Montagu and his secretary, Nathaniel Davison (1764-1779), journals and notebooks, and miscellaneous documents and letters."Pyramid of Menkaure 3D Scanning Project ～ WORLD SCAN PROJECT’s Challengeyoutube.com/watch?v=BIflhCtURs4Yukinori Kawaeyoutube.com/watch?v=9cHrdK_RqmEFlinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” New and Revised Edition, Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd., London, 1990 Ahmed Fakhry “The Monuments of Sneferu at Dahshur” Vol 1 The Bent Pyramid, Cairo, 1959World Scan Project Photo posted on X:https://x.com/project_scan/status/105309695123376537600:00 Introduction1:36 Historical Data3:29 Documentation Failure4:44 Nathaniel Davison5:28 Computer Data7:40 Preserving History?8:34 Conflicting Conclusions10:42 Infotainment Vs Education12:44 The Grand Gallery14:14 Edgar Bros. Photographs16:15 Red Ochre Patterns17:58 Real Possibilities
The Great Pyramid Solves a Paradox History for GRANITE 2024-03-21 | The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are key elements to a spiritual belief system of that mighty civilization.The hieroglyphs which have survived the ages tell stories of the glory that awaits after death, but how did the actions of Egyptians speak to their belief system?The requirement that the living venerate the dead for prosperity to occur in the afterlife is a great paradox. This video examines how the Great Pyramid achieved what had never been done before to solve an impossible dilemma.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join-------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for many photos within the pyramids: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to Keith Hamilton for inspiration on the Pepi II pyramid masonry belt.https://www.academia.edu/103606138/The_Pyramids_of_Pepi_I_Pepi_II_and_Merenre_A_laymans_guideQuotation Sources:Reg Clark “Securing Eternity: Ancient Egyptian Tomb Protection from Prehistory to the Pyramids” The American University in Cairo Press, New York. 2019 Pp 120Gustave Jequier “Le Monument Funeraire de Pepi II, Tome II” French Institute Of Oriental Archaeology Press, Cairo. 1938 Pp 6-7Soundbite Sources:“The Pyramids: Solving the Mystery” Ep 2 Label News, 2018“Mystery of the Lost Pyramid” Lion Television Limited, 2019“Decoding the Great Pyramid” NOVA, WGBH Educational Foundation 2018“Uncovering the ancient secrets of the Great Pyramid - 60 Minutes Australia” youtube.com/watch?v=oomK6gzJfxAGraphics Sources:Reg Clark “Securing Eternity: Ancient Egyptian Tomb Protection from Prehistory to the Pyramids” The American University in Cairo Press, New York. 2019“Scanning the Pyramids” HIP Institute, 2017Miroslav Verner “The Pyramids (New and Revised)" AUC Press Cairo 2020
Closing the Biggest Mystery of the Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2024-02-16 | This is the video that solves the mystery.The Great Pyramid has always stood out as the structure that nobody could surpass, and everyone after wanted to copy. But was it size alone that made it special, or did it come with a more profound change in ancient Egypt?This video looks at the evolution of dynastic Egyptian burials - scrutinizes the design of their defenses, and shows how the Great Pyramid achieved a dream more impressive than anyone has imagined. Now the real questions begin, and the wisdom of ancient Egypt will no longer be taken for granted.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join-------------------- Thanks to the Isida Project for many photos within the Great Pyramid: isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to Keith Hamilton and Jon Bodsworth for a Great Pyramid portcullis photoQuotation Sources:Dieter Arnold “Building in Egypt” Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 1991 Pp. 223W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” New and Revised Edition, Histories & Mysteries of Man Ltd, London, 1990, Pp. 71Graphics Sources:Dieter Arnold “Building in Egypt” Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 1991 Reg Clark “Securing Eternity: Ancient Egyptian Tomb Protection from Prehistory to the Pyramids” The American University in Cairo Press, New York. 2019Reg Clark “Tomb Security in Ancient Egypt from the Predynastic to the Pyramid Age” Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2016Gilles Dormion & Jean-Patrice Goidin “Les Nouveaux Mystères de le Grande Pyramide” Albin Michel, Paris, 1987Gilles Dormion “La chambre de Cheops” Librairie Artheme Fayard, 2004“Scanning the Pyramids” HIP Institute, 2017Jean-Pierre Houdin “Khufu Reborn - Dassault Systemes” 2013youtube.com/watch?v=3NCK99mQUxwJohn Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part II. The Great Pyramid” London, 1840John Shae Perring “Pyramids to the Southward of Gizeh: Part III” London, 1842W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 188300:00 Intro2:34 Mastaba evolution4:37 Portcullis evolution6:41 Great Pyramid security design9:29 Maneuvering with ropes11:35 Robbing techniques14:07 Attacking the Great Pyramid16:54 Controlling weight19:10 Open sesame22:00 Mental blocks24:24 Comparing passages28:09 Security philosophy30:10 Questions answered31:41 The Big Question34:17 Attractive forces36:42 Time for change
One Solution to the Four Channels of the Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2024-02-02 | The Great Pyramid contains 4 mysterious small shaft ‘channels’ within its superstructure. These channels connect the King’s Chamber to the pyramid exterior, yet never fully connected the Queen’s Chamber to the outside. No other Egyptian pyramid has such channels, and they have confounded explorers for thousands of years.This video looks at the full history of the channels, scrutinizes the most popular theories for their purpose, and reveals new evidence to finally bring resolution.But like every great discovery, the answer to this mystery brings with it even more interesting questions.-------------------- Join this channel to get access to livestreams: youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join --------------------Thanks to the Isida Project for many photos within the Great Pyramid:isida-project.ucoz.comSpecial thanks to Valery Senmuth for quality photos of the King’s Chamber Northern Channel:youtube.com/@SenmuthQuotation Sources:Abd-Allatif Medecin Arabe De Bagdad; “Relation De L’Egypte” Par. M Silvestre De Sacy, Imperial Press Paris, 1810 p. 176John & Morton Edgar “Gleanings from Glasgow” Portland Area Bible Students 2007 pp. 539-542John & Morton Edgar “The Great Pyramid Passages” Bone & Hulley 1910. Reprinted by Portland Area Bible Students, 1988. Discourse from Morton Edgar pp. xii - xiiiMark Lehner “The Complete Pyramids” Thames & Hudson, 1997 p. 67Mark Lehner & Zahi Hawass “Giza and the Pyramids: The Definitive History” University of Chicago Press, 2017 p. 163 John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839 p. 2W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 1883 pp. 53, 67-68, 69John Romer “The Great Pyramid: Ancient Egypt Revisited” University Press Cambridge, 2007 p. 527Howard Vyse “Operations Carried On At The Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837 Vol. 1” London, 1840 p. 286Soundbite Sources:“Into the Great Pyramid” National Geographic, 2002“Legends of the Pharaohs: Part 4” Pernel Media, 2021“The Pyramid of Sakura at Abusir: New Perspectives” Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Head Office, Toronto 06/10/2023Graphics Sources:Gilles Dormion “La chambre de Cheops” Librairie Artheme Fayard, 2004John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 1883Rudolf Gantenbrink “The Upuaut Project: Robot Journey Into the Past” 1993Rudolf Gantenbrink “Cheops.org” web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/cheops.org“The Universe: Ancient Mysteries Solved” A&E Television, Season 7 Episode 2, 2014“Missing 5,000-year-old piece of Great Pyramid puzzle discovered in cigar box in Aberdeen”youtube.com/watch?v=-xVSoNGD5Ds"EXCLUSIVE: First Look Inside the Great Pyramid Queen's Chamber Northern Shaft | Ancient Architects” youtube.com/watch?v=Ki0405ulvIY“Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” Warner Bros, 2004Michael Haase “Randbetrachtungen Zu den Blockierungen der Schächte der mittleren Kammer der Cheops-Pyramide” Sokar 30, 2015Ludwig Borchard “Das Grabdenkmal des Konigs Sahu-re Band: 1 Der Bau” Leipzig, 1910“Scanning the Pyramids” HIP Institute, 2017Anthony P. Sakovich “Explaining the Shafts in Khufu’s Pyramid at Giza” JARCE 42, 2005-200600:00 Introduction1:42 History of exploration3:44 Unplugging the channels4:44 New closed channels6:07 Measuring the channels8:00 Channel mistakes10:26 Star alignments13:39 Pyramid interior climate14:51 Copper pins16:47 Constructing channels18:06 Unfinished construction22:00 Ventilation concepts24:09 Channel block design26:23 Stonework quality27:54 Four channels to compare28:41 Missing block31:17 Credit in Egyptology33:11 Ventilation criticisms34:23 Channel chamber openings37:02 Looking for solutions41:38 Comparing channels
The Great Pyramid has changed. History for GRANITE 2024-01-28 | A preview of coming attractions. February 2, 10:00AM PST. The Great Pyramid has four small shafts, known as 'channels' built into the superstructure. This unique pyramid feature will solved in the upcoming video. New evidence, written in stone. A little extra hype for an extra special topic.Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join
Hidden Secrets of the Bent Pyramid Seen for the First Time History for GRANITE 2023-12-09 | Go inside the Bent Pyramid where no archaeologist has gone before.The Bent Pyramid has never been investigated properly, and is a woefully neglected monument. A unique feature of the pyramid is a 15-meter vertical shaft nicknamed the ‘Chimney’. This shaft contains special architecture sacred to the ancient Egyptians, but it has never been photographed or examined for the purpose behind the design.This video takes you to the top of the Chimney to see the evidence for yourself, and perhaps restore the Bent Pyramid to its rightful place in Egyptian history.--------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join--------------------Thanks to the Isida Project for many photos within the Bent Pyramid:isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to Keith Hamilton for his Bent Pyramid guides and graphics:https://keithhamilton.academia.edu/researchThanks to Colin Reader for the best photo of the Bent Pyramid’s North Entrance lintel:https://colinreader.academia.edu/Thanks to ScanPyramids for their 3d graphics and footage:http://www.scanpyramids.orgThanks to all the supporters and the unnamed collaborators who made the Chimney mission possible. You know who you are.Pyramid Texts Interview:youtube.com/watch?v=ftHvKDpmtPYInterviews of Mark Lehner, Zahi Hawass:“The Pyramids: Solving The Mystery” (2019)“Legends of the Pharaohs: Mystery of the Great Pyramid” (2020)Pyramid Shaft Exploration (Hawass, Stadelmann):“Into the Great Pyramid” (2002)Chris Naunton Pyramid Story:chrisnaunton.com/egypts-lost-pyramid“Mystery of the Lost Pyramid” (2020)Frank Monnier:“L’enigme de la pyramide maudite: Dachour” Label News (2023)http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=enim-9&n=3https://www.academia.edu/108754542/_Scanning_survey_of_the_inner_arrangements_of_the_Bent_Pyramid_at_Dahshur_co_authored_with_Alban_Brice_Pimpaud_october_2023After a private exchange, Monnier has retracted his derogatory remarks on Facebook and I refer to a community post made addressing this:youtube.com/post/UgkxSj1P9ZGG7ltqINBc2SZZbJaZ0ZAXWJUBChimney Sketch - Falling Stones:Gilles Dormion “La Chambre de Snefrou” ACTES SUD (2016)Fraudulent Archaeology Wall of Shame:facebook.com/groups/149844915349213Bent Pyramid Chamber Diagram:Ahmed Fakhry “The Pyramids” University of Chicago Press (1961)Camera Tech:youtube.com/watch?v=qevIIQHrJZg“MacGyver” CBS Television 198500:00 Intro01:46 New Revelations2:53 Text vs. Architecture4:30 Pyramid Diagrams5:59 Hidden Chimney8:28 Design Mistakes?10:55 Unique Chimney Features12:49 Incomplete Data15:22 Up Too High17:17 Franck Monnier20:51 First Images24:02 Stone's Purpose26:34 Looting Techniques28:27 Pyramid Security29:29 Great Pyramid Comparison31:59 Spiritual Paths34:31 Honest Arguments
Closest Look Ever at How Pyramids Were Built History for GRANITE 2023-10-20 | A map of pyramid casing stones proves how it was constructed. It’s the most popular question in ancient history: how were the large pyramids of Egypt built? Many concepts have been suggested for thousands of years, all the way back to Herodotus in Ancient Greece. But while there are many ways the pyramid could have been built, the actual method is the one everybody wants to find.Proposed solutions cite indirect evidence, combined with thought exercises that range from reasonable to hilariously impractical. There is virtually zero consensus on how to approach the problem, or even define the parameters of what was possible.The goal of this video is to use direct evidence from the pyramid of Khafre to get us closer to the actual solution. The pattern is laid out for everyone to see - and anyone approaching the building question seriously needs to address the evidence presented here.Thank you to everyone for their kind support. Become a Channel Member (the Join button) for the price of a cup of coffee, and help me continue the work. Or, just leave a great pun in the comments and rock on.Thanks to Armend Kabashi for the Khafre photos which inspired the journey.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Animations of pyramid builders from the works of Jean-Pierre Houdin:youtube.com/watch?v=eGqfdXkAQMkyoutube.com/watch?v=3NCK99mQUxwStill frame of pyramid inset ramp from here:youtube.com/watch?v=j4cdDT1ZvAADrone footage clips:youtube.com/watch?v=SD6GDiyHmbE0:00 Intro1:58 Two Key Observations3:09 New Casing Survey4:13 Mission Parameters5:35 Taking Photographs7:19 Surveying Blocks8:10 Scaffold Gaps?8:39 Bonding Stone Design11:09 Built for Efficiency 12:33 The Building Pattern13:35 Obsolete Building Models14:55 Construction Sequence16:51 Next Casing Study17:35 Collaboration
Vanishing Clues of the Bent Pyramid History for GRANITE 2023-08-29 | The Bent Pyramid at Dahshur remains a woefully neglected monument in desperate need of scientific scrutiny. The unique shape of the pyramid is amazing, but the story of the Bent Pyramid goes far beyond a change in slope.Deep inside the pyramid are many clues which are disappearing in the modern era. These pieces of the puzzle need to be restored in order for the full history of the pyramid to be understood, which can perhaps explain it's unique role in Egyptian history.Can Egyptology come to terms with how this pyramid's excavation was botched - and is there any hope of scrutinizing the evidence which becomes fainter with each passing season?------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Special thanks to Charles Rigano for taking us inside the Bent Pyramid in 2001.Rigano's 'Pyramids of Snefru' book on Amazon: amazon.com/Pyramids-Snefru-Seila-Maidum-Subsidiary/dp/B0C91KNQK3Rigano on Academia.edu : https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesRiganoThanks to @Anyextee and Shlomo Hizkiyahu for assistance with hieroglyph translation and analysis.Thanks to AllPyramids.com for the modern photo of the cartouche block: http://allpyramids.comThanks to the Isida Project and Valery Senmuth for the Bent Pyramid photos from 2012/2013isida-project.ucoz.comThanks to Keith Hamilton for his Bent Pyramid guide:https://independent.academia.edu/KeithHamiltonThe SAA Article on Pseudoarchaeolgy: mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?m=16146&i=792733&p=30&ver=html5Dominique Görlitz's legal defense:https://atlantisforschung.de/index.php?title=Stellungnahme_von_Dr._Dominique_G%C3%B6rlitz_%2817.02.2014%29News Article on Görlitz/Erdmann acquittal:https://www.mz.de/mitteldeutschland/archaologe-dominique-gorlitz-agypten-lasst-alle-helfer-von-sachsens-indiana-jones-frei-30884060:00 Intro1:56 Disappearing Evidence3:01 Entrance Access4:31 Removed Stones5:54 Missing Staircase6:59 Lower Chamber & Chimney8:48 Chimney Purpose10:08 Upper Pyramid Design11:21 Robber's Tunnel Sneferu Cartouche13:15 Cartouche Fables15:45 Upper Chamber Access17:17 Upper Chamber Rubble19:35 Upper Chamber Floor
What are the Largest Pyramid Stones Saying? History for GRANITE 2023-06-29 | The pyramids of Egypt's Old Kingdom contain some truly magnificent stones placed in conspicuously visible locations. These blocks are telling a story, but what clues can be found to help us understand the message?If megalithic stones are found above a pyramid's entrance, does it make any sense to think of this entrance as being hidden?Many of the largest stones in the 4th dynasty pyramids have cracked, but how were the ancient Egyptians interpreting these failures?This video investigates these questions, and ponders what we might learn from looking the at the largest pyramid lintels.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Many thanks to Valery Senmuth and the Isida Project for capturing so many great photos of these giant stones:isida-project.ucoz.comyoutube.com/@UCQ23PYEG--IfOpu9wX8yflg Thanks to Keith Hamilton for use of his illustrations and valuable insights:https://independent.academia.edu/KeithHamiltonThanks to Stefan Bergdoll for his casing stone height diagram, as taken from Nathaniel Davison's measurements:https://independent.academia.edu/StefanBergdoll0:00 Intro1:23 Gigantic lintels2:25 Meidum Pyramid lintel3:07 Secrecy defense?3:50 Bent Pyramid lintel5:28 Red Pyramid lintels7:09 Bent Satellite lintel9:05 Great Pyramid entrance10:25 King's Chamber lintel11:06 Lintel fractures12:16 Pyramids shrink and lintels grow12:41 Pyramid texts13:46 Khufu Queens' pyramids14:48 Impressive stones15:17 Wall of the Crow lintel16:19 Pyramid doors?
Why the Oldest Stories of the Great Pyramid are Wrong History for GRANITE 2023-06-02 | Four authors from Antiquity have had their detailed descriptions of the Great Pyramid survive to the present day. But Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder all fail to record any mention of the Great Pyramid's upper chamber system.This video examines why those four authors likely missed the upper chamber system based upon a pattern of deception that spans thousands of years.We also examine how the Great Pyramid would be experienced by visitors through history, and why their graffiti is often lost to the ravages of time.Thanks always to my fellow researchers whose efforts contributed to this video, particularly Stefan Bergdoll's writings, Valery Senmuth's photos, and my anonymous pal who has brought to light improved versions of the Edgar Brothers' photographic plates from 1910.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:01 Four ancient stories2:07 Pyramid folklore3:04 Upper chamber discovery4:31 Testimony of Herodotus5:28 Diodorus Siculus5:51 Testimony of Strabo6:10 Pliny the Elder7:09 Caliph Al-Mamun7:39 Descending corridor plugged8:37 Unplugging by Caviglia9:23 Testimony from Charles Piazzi Smyth11:45 Misleading travelers13:07 Motive for plugging passages15:29 Plugging the well-shaft16:23 Human patterns17:34 Gates blocking access19:04 Pyramid graffiti20:23 Deterioration of evidence20:57 Testimony of Belzoni22:28 Khafre's pyramid access23:29 History repeats
First View of this Pyramid Construction Technique History for GRANITE 2023-04-30 | Casing stones are largely missing from large pyramids of the Old Kingdom, but a few precious sections remain intact.At the highest courses of the second-largest pyramid of Egypt (Khafre), the casing stones remain in-place and well preserved. However, because these stones remain inaccessible and out of sight, nobody has ever taken a survey of their layout.This video maps the arrangement of these casing stones for the very first time, revealing new insights into how large pyramids were originally constructed.It’s time for Egypt to fully document every casing stone so that this critical piece of history can be fully understood.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------World Scan Project Photogrammetry:youtube.com/watch?v=pPYzgoHrSIY0:00 Intro1:08 Khafre's Pyramid damage2:23 Pyramid summit close-ups4:01 Mapping casing stones5:36 Tall pyramid courses6:20 Missing top7:20 West face diagram8:17 Corner stones9:37 South face diagram11:06 North face diagram12:40 Tapered small blocks14:12 South face construction clues15:24 East face diagram16:03 Finishing the job
New Robots to Explore the Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2023-04-07 | The Great Pyramid of Giza continues to surprise us with hidden secrets and intriguing anomalies that have yet to be properly investigated. The visual inspection of the North Face Corridor announced on March 2, 2023 is hopefully the beginning of many more revelations to come.The ScanPyramids ‘Big Void’ above the Grand Gallery is now more promising than ever before, but reaching this space will be a significant challenge.Since drilling into the core of the pyramid for 7+ meters to reach the Big Void is a daunting proposition, there are other methods of investigation that can occur which are minimally invasive.New soft-bodied robots powered by compressed air have the ability to investigate previously-inaccessible areas of the Great Pyramid. Near the Queen’s Chamber a drilling from 1986 by Gilles Dormion hit a large cavity of anomalous sand that has never been explained. Innovative and inexpensive robots can now easily burrow through this sand to determine the physical parameters of this hidden area.These robots can also be used within the ScanPyramids North Face Corridor, and even the Big Void if an access point is ever found or created.Please contact me if you have information on Jean-Pierre Baron’s radar survey conducted in the year 2000.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------UC Santa Barbara Hawkes Lab Publications:hawkeslab.com/publicationsScience Robots Article:science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abe2922Thanks to Yukinori Kawae for taking us into Lady Arbuthnot’s Chamber in this video:youtube.com/watch?v=37v1RnR6wloThanks to Veritasium for their video on soft-bodied robots:youtube.com/watch?v=qevIIQHrJZg0:00 Intro1:12 Drilling to the Big Void2:54 Previous pyramid drilling4:12 Hidden storerooms5:13 Robots that mimic animals6:16 Robots in archaeology7:13 Hidden pyramid corridors9:08 Sand's importance10:07 Secrets of the floor12:11 Accessing hidden spaces13:25 Lessons from hidden burials
Analyzing the North Face Corridor of the Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2023-03-10 | The ScanPyramids Mission revealed to the world on March 2, 2023 the first images taken from inside a hidden corridor within the Great Pyramid of Giza.The hidden North Face Corridor of the pyramid was found to contain a gabled ceiling, known as a saddle vault. This design redirects the weight of the pyramid from above, and thus it was widely assumed to be a so-called ‘weight-relieving chamber’ protecting the descending corridor below.But many details about the North Face Corridor suggest that protecting structures below may not have been its primary purpose. This video compares the design to other saddle-vaults and puts the corridor in context to the other features within the Great Pyramid.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Thanks to Keith Hamilton for the tip about Julien Bruchet’s 1965 book. Keith Hamilton’s North Face Corridor Guide:https://www.academia.edu/98053499/The_Great_Pyramid_Void_A_laymans_guideThanks to Yukinori Kawae for taking us into Campbell’s Chamber in this video:youtube.com/watch?v=37v1RnR6wloThanks to Ancient Architects for the shout-out:youtube.com/watch?v=kXjW37SoJ9gSanPyramids SP-NFC 2023 Report:vimeo.com/803685954Scientific Papers on the North Face Corridor:nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36351-0doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2023.102809Franck Monnier’s Facebook posts:facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2269574546565750&id=100005396808455facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2270151123174759&id=1000053968084550:00 Intro1:27 Congratulations ScanPyramids Team2:16 Ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic tests3:41 Entrance Vault connection4:48 Chevron ceiling design5:58 North Face Corridor analysis8:22 Holes in the ceiling10:37 Weight-relieving weaknesses12:08 Inaccurate models14:15 North Face Corridor access16:50 Jean-Pierre Houdin's model17:44 Next steps for investigation20:08 Damaging a pyramid21:20 Good publicity for Egypt
How the Great Sphinx Transformed Giza History for GRANITE 2023-02-24 | The Great Sphinx draws enormous attention due to its unique role in Egyptian history. Throughout time humans have used its projection of power to for their own needs and desires. But what are the origins of this oldest surviving megalith statue?This video analyzes the Sphinx from multiple perspectives, including the geological evidence, the contextual evidence, and the logistical evidence for constructing the largest pyramids at Giza.The abyss of time prevents us from being certain about how the Sphinx began, but what is the historical pattern that makes the most sense based upon how humans have behaved for thousands of years?------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Colin Reader on Academia.edu: https://qmul.academia.edu/ColinReaderA Gift of Geology by Colin Reader:amazon.com/Gift-Geology-Egyptian-Landscapes-Monuments/dp/1649032188Note: This is a geology book, NOT a history book.0:00 Intro1:42 Who built the Sphinx?2:58 Pharaohs Stealing Stuff4:53 Geology of the Sphinx6:50 Double standards for evidence10:17 Pyramid casing erosion11:05 Contextual evidence12:34 Causeway - Temple alignment14:40 Matching the temples16:05 Pyramid construction evidence18:11 Causeway as a construction ramp20:03 Sphinx purpose?22:05 History repeats
Carbon Dating Egypts Oldest Pyramids History for GRANITE 2023-01-25 | The idea of dating the pyramids using the C14 radiocarbon test goes always the way back to the invention of this science. Two broad studies of Old Kingdom pyramids using carbon testing have taken place, but they are incomplete.There is enormous opportunity to date the pyramids more precisely by combining C14 testing and dendrochronology, the science of analyzing tree rings. But Egyptology doesn't show much interest in this science, and it only ever conducted carbon testing on pyramids due to outside pressure.This video explores the knowns and unknowns of dating Egypt's pyramids, and the controversies and conflicts of interest for putting the physical science into the public messaging.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Thanks as always to the Isida Project for use of their imagery: isida-project.ucoz.comAcademic papers on carbon dating pyramids:Felix Hoflmayer, 2016academic.oup.com/edited-volume/43506/chapter/364132089Michael Dee, 2013https://www.academia.edu/31488085/An_absolute_chronology_for_early_Egypt_using_radiocarbon_dating_and_Bayesian_statistical_modellingGeorges Bonani, 2001https://www.academia.edu/3428321/Radiocarbon_dates_of_Old_and_Middle_Kingdom_monuments_in_EgyptSoundbite References:Mark Lehner, Highland City Club, 2015 youtube.com/watch?v=6RLiyPybObsMark Lehner, Minot State University, 2019youtube.com/watch?v=mzPo-dLOPwYZahi Hawass, 2016youtube.com/watch?v=K7Toq_jOj_E0:00 Intro2:03 Invention of radiocarbon dating3:31 Limitations of carbon dating4:48 Edgar Cayce funds testing6:34 David Koch funds testing9:01 Alternative archaeology tourism10:23 Carbon dating results13:09 Dendrochronology testing14:50 Dixon cedar rod in the Great Pyramid16:16 Public opinion drives science
Hidden Marvel in the 3-in-1 Meidum Pyramid. History for GRANITE 2022-12-23 | The Meidum Pyramid is mostly known for its present unsightly appearance. The distinction of being the only pyramid never claimed by a pharaoh adds to the negative reputation. Despite the great toll time has taken upon the monument, it remains filled with wonderful clues to understanding Old Kingdom Egypt.The pyramid was essentially constructed three times, each creating a new pyramid reflecting a greater desire to project power and perfection. The present odd appearance of the Meidum Pyramid reveals the hidden smaller pyramids within it.Other secret spaces inside the pyramid weren't discovered until the 21st century, and their presence is an enormous clue about the priorities and motivations for pyramid design.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Thanks as always to the following researchers who generously share their diagrams and imagery.Keith Hamilton: https://keithhamilton.academia.edu/Isida Project: isida-project.ucoz.com0:00 Intro1:55 Causes of destruction4:19 Temple excavation by Petrie7:20 Pyramid composition9:08 Evidence for ramps9:39 Core strata diagram10:51 Snefru's 3 Pyramids11:52 Pyramid entrance design13:34 Descending corridor14:12 E2 entrance & movable door16:42 Bottom of the pyramid17:14 Two lower chambers18:04 Relieving chambers18:48 Vertical shaft19:48 Upper chamber20:39 Blocking chamber access23:05 Lower chamber enigma25:13 Magical architecture
Updating the Great Pyramid Internal Ramp Theory History for GRANITE 2022-11-23 | The Internal Ramp Theory for the Great Pyramid of Egypt is one of the most interesting ideas ever proposed for its construction. French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin has spent more than 20 years developing and refining this idea.In October of 2022, Houdin published an update to his theory which reflects the ScanPyramids findings from the past six years.The ScanPyramids ‘Big Void’ is an intriguing clue that Houdin may be correct with his notion of the Grand Gallery being used as a counterweight ramp for the largest pyramid stones. The ‘Big Void’ may be another Grand Gallery-like space which could be used for the same purpose.Institutional Egyptology remains unreceptive to Houdin’s publications, nor the extremely confident results from the ScanPyramids mission. This video takes a closer look at those conflicts, highlights some of Houdin’s new model, and proposes some areas that could use improvement.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Khufu Revealed Documentary Link:youtube.com/watch?v=eGqfdXkAQMkHoudin’s October 2022 Big Void Update Paper:https://www.academia.edu/89137199/The_BIG_VOID_EnZahi Hawass Full Interview on ScanPyramids:youtube.com/watch?v=lNJ0xwYMx980:00 Intro1:06 Herodotus' Account2:35 Types of Ramps3:00 Jean-Pierre Houdin4:02 ScanPyramids Findings4:55 Houdin's Theory6:48 Internal Ramp Evidence8:25 HIP & ScanPyramids Launch9:56 Zahi Hawass12:05 ScanPyramids 'Bid Void' PublishedCorrection: 12:19 ScanPyramids Nature article published on Nov 2, 2017 (not 2019)12:48 David Lightbody14:01 The Big Void15:14 The Great Step17:43 Houdin's Updated Theory19:01 Grand Gallery Staging Area19:42 Casing Stones20:20 Chamber Shafts21:21 New Internal Ramp Model23:06 The Big Void Vs. Egyptology24:32 New Technology Complaints25:24 Conclusion
1001 Mysteries of the Bent Pyramid History for GRANITE 2022-10-14 | The Bent Pyramid of Dahshur may be the most mysterious pyramid ever constructed. It was entirely off-limits for half a century, but now we can take a look inside.Never formally surveyed in the modern era, the pyramid has countless anomalies and unique features that deserve study. The Bent Pyramid has become a scapegoat for the narrative that the builders didn’t know how to construct megaliths yet, but upon closer examination that argument falls apart.With too many subjects to choose from, this video takes you on a complete tour of the substructure and highlights many interesting elements. What questions can we take away from this examination? The portcullis will receive a special video in the future, but first I need a photo from behind the open one! ------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Thanks to the researchers below for providing documentation that can’t be found anywhere else: ISIDA Project:isida-project.ucoz.comKeith Hamilton’s Research:https://keithhamilton.academia.edu/
The Great Pyramid’s Niche of Secrets History for GRANITE 2022-09-19 | We are fortunate that many explorers from the past have documented their exploration of the Great Pyramid of Giza. The monument has changed greatly over time, with many critical parts broken, relocated, and renovated or replaced.The ‘Queen’s Chamber’ of the Great Pyramid is particularly difficult to understand because it has been subjected to the most damage from visitors. Recently new testimonies from 1837 have come to light which provide critical evidence to understanding if a sarcophagus is missing from within it.The entirely unique niche on the chamber’s eastern wall has taunted investigators since before written records. Why is there? What secrets might it hold? The interpretations of explorers have caused tunnels to be dug through it and beneath it. These excavations have accidentally given us critical information to understanding the Queen’s Chamber beyond hunting for a missing tomb.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Ancient Architects Queen’s Chamber video:youtube.com/watch?v=Ukh9mX0ovdMStegan Bergdoll’s new book:shop.tredition.com/booktitle/Secrets_of_the_Pyramid_of_Khufu/W-253-582-238Stefan Bergdoll on Academia:https://independent.academia.edu/StefanBergdollMany photos courtesy of the ISIDA Project:isida-project.ucoz.com0:00 Intro1:25 Historical sources2:22 New testimonies from 18373:11 Deceptive descriptions4:12 Howard Vyse's character6:06 Queen's Chamber sarcophagus7:20 Giovanni Caviglia's digging10:03 19th Century priorities10:55 Sarcophagus description12:25 Misidentifications14:01 Unsolved Niche mysteries17:05 Queen's Chamber photos
The Undiscovered Pharaoh Sahure still rests in his Pyramid? History for GRANITE 2022-08-23 | The pyramid of Sahure at Abusir has suffered greatly from the ravages of greed and time. But perhaps a twist of fate has allowed the monument to preserve the king’s undiscovered remains.The hazards of exploring and excavating this fallen structure have protected the chambers within for centuries or Millennia. John Perring in 1837 was the first and only explorer to reach an inner chamber since it catastrophically collapsed in the ancient past.New research in the past few years has brought amazing discoveries that are already rewriting the history of Egyptian pyramids. Parts of the pyramid remain buried in rubble, waiting for their secrets to be unlocked. New excavations are underway that may be the best chance of finding the remains of a ruler from the Old Kingdom.Special thanks to Meretseger Books (www.meretsegerbooks.com) for the use of many photos of the pyramids at Abusir.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------
The Strangest Pyramid Passage Ever Constructed History for GRANITE 2022-07-31 | The Great Pyramid of Giza holds the most uniquely bizarre passageway ever constructed in an Egyptian pyramid. The ascending corridor, which famously leads to the magnificent Grand Gallery, is designed with masonry that cannot easily be explained.Unlike every other pyramid corridor, the blocks of the ascending corridor are carved from enormous single stones called ‘girdle-stones’. These blocks are also not aligned to the passage itself, but always oriented vertically with the pyramid.Compounding this mystery is the fact that the limestone in the ascending corridor has deteriorated more than any other section of the Great Pyramid’s interior. Is it possible to reconcile all of these anomalies? What can the historical account of the Edgar Brothers documenting the ascending corridor teach us today?------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Special thanks to Anyextee and Jim Walker for their ascending corridor footage!youtube.com/c/Anyexteeyoutube.com/user/Jimsworldsandiego0:00 Intro0:51 Great Pyramid layout1:34 Ascending Corridor damage2:21 Ascending Corridor layout3:39 Girdle Stones5:08 Corridor stability6:18 Lower Girdle Stones6:53 Inferior limestone8:12 Granite plugs9:33 Overbuilding or improvising?11:08 Lessons from the Edgar Brothers
Pyramid Evolution - A New Perspective History for GRANITE 2022-07-18 | The earliest pyramids of Egypt are the largest ever constructed, which seems counterintuitive to human development. Why would the pyramids suddenly shrink in size, only to become huge again centuries later? This video studies the patterns found within pyramid construction, and provides a context for how their evolution can be made sensible.Egyptology thinks of the ancient Egyptians as entirely devoted to the afterlife. But even humans four thousand years ago would have a tendency to prioritize their time among the living over any plans for an eternal afterlife.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:37 Djoser's 1st Stepped Pyramid2:40 From Mastaba to Pyramid4:04 Strong central government5:03 Power vs. Piety5:51 Nile River visibility6:48 Diminishing returns8:13 Pyramid temples grow8:53 Elite influence9:52 Speed & efficiency10:31 Unfinished tombs11:21 Pyramids vs mastabas12:17 Large Middle Kingdom pyramids13:32 Priorities of the living
The Red Pyramids strange inner sanctum History for GRANITE 2022-06-11 | The Red Pyramid of Dahshur is the most commonly attributed monument for the burial of pharaoh Sneferu. A superficial look at the pyramid makes it appear to adopt classic mastaba defensive principles.When taking a closer look at significant design features, the Red Pyramid seems to abandon the opportunity to be the most secure pyramid ever built. Instead, it's pyramid complex remains incomplete and the mystery of its 'hidden' upper chamber is laid bare.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Keith Hamilton's guide to the Red Pyramid can be found here:https://www.academia.edu/34692828/The_Red_Pyramid_A_laymans_guideEratta: The Bent Pyramid has a longer descending corridor, but being fractured it couldn't be plugged as much.0:00 Intro1:28 Red Pyramid nickname2:02 Snefru's 3 pyramids3:05 Tomb security3:55 [correction] 2nd longest corridor4:20 Pyramid entrance5:24 Descending corridor plugging?6:16 Locating the upper chamber7:34 Upper corridor ceiling9:36 No camouflage evidence10:37 Upper floor excavation13:39 Search for burials
First Look Inside the Ruined Pyramid of Userkaf History for GRANITE 2022-05-17 | After the enormous Giza pyramid of the 4th dynasty, the monuments quickly began to shrink in size. The pharaoh Userkaf was the first king of the 5th dynasty and his pyramid was known as 'The Ruined Pyramid'. Almost nobody has been inside since the explorers of the early 1800's.We take a rare tour through the pyramid substructure, exploring its inner chambers which are remarkably well-preserved. Userkaf's pyramid complex is unique in many important ways, and the hidden interior has some anomalous features that help unlock the secrets of all Old Kingdom pyramids - including the Great Pyramid.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Special thanks to Valery Senmuth, who manages to gain access and shares the imagery online. His YouTube channel is: youtube.com/c/Senmuthmusic0:00 Intro1:08 5th & 6th Dynasty pyramids2:39 Userkaf's unique design4:00 Valery Senmuth4:35 Pyramid overview5:53 Pyramid entrance7:52 Entrance chamber / vestibule9:32 Granite torus lintel11:03 Single portcullis12:51 Storage in bedrock14:03 Antechamber14:25 Burial Chamber15:00 Sarcophagus15:59 Further investigation
Looting the Great Pyramid - A Step by Step Analysis History for GRANITE 2022-04-23 | The Great Pyramid of Giza was robbed of its treasures thousands of years ago. The passage that all tourists enter today is the Robber’s Tunnel that was presumably used for plundering everything of value inside. A common observation of the Robber’s Tunnel is that it is extremely accurate for the purposes of bypassing the Great Pyramid defenses. Legends attribute the tunnel to Al-Ma’mun in 832 AD who claims it as his work.But does this story really hold up to modern scrutiny? Are there still clues left within the tunnel that might reveal the original method of intrusion? What does the tunnel say about who first penetrated the pyramid and the knowledge they possessed? Watch the video and find out!------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Special thanks to Youtuber Anyextee youtube.com/c/Anyextee for permission to use his excellent video clip of the Robber’s Tunnel from this video:youtube.com/watch?v=uATRqXrpi9cSpecial thanks also to Jim Walker for his excellent photos and videos from Giza:youtube.com/user/Jimsworldsandiego/videos
Was the Well-Shaft of the Great Pyramid a backdoor? History for GRANITE 2022-04-08 | The Great Pyramid of Giza is filled with unique features that add to the mystery of its design. A long, narrow passageway known as the ‘well-shaft’ connects the upper chambers and corridors to the bottom of a deep excavation beneath the pyramid.The original purpose for the Well-Shaft is a topic of controversy, and many researchers use it as a ‘get-out-of-jail-free’ card for design theories that would otherwise not make sense.One of the most popular explanations for the Well-Shaft is how the Great Pyramid was originally sealed by workers escaping through it, and also that it was a point of entry for early looters from Antiquity.This video explores the design and functionality of the Well-Shaft, and puts the theory of a ‘sneaky back-door’ to the test.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro0:50 Well-Shaft excuses1:39 Lacking photographs2:11 Top of the well3:36 Upper section3:59 Grotto4:55 Lower section5:23 Bottom of the well5:55 Potential functions7:03 Climbing the well8:38 Closing the well11:13 Robber's tunnel
Exploring the Great Pyramid Mission & the future of Egyptology History for GRANITE 2022-03-26 | The history of scientific experiments conducted on the pyramids of Egypt is fraught with controversy. Fortunately, advancements in non-invasive technologies such as muography are allowing us to get a better understanding of the pyramids than ever before.In 2017, the ScanPyramids mission shocked the world with the announcement of the ‘Big Void’ within the Great Pyramid of Giza. This empty space is enormous, nearly equal in size to the Grand Gallery and sits above it in relatively vertical alignment.After this unprecedented discovery, the Exploring the Great Pyramid mission was launched to follow up on this discovery. Still in the planning stages, the EGP mission may allow a 3D visualization up to 100x greater detail than previous scans.However, entrenched interests within Egyptology do not have a great track record of sharing fame and recognition with outsiders. Can the EGP mission overcome the doubt and adversity that previous missions have faced?------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:11 EGP Mission planning2:50 Improved scanning4:35 Obstacles to overcome5:43 History of pyramid scanning10:24 ScanPyramids13:07 Zahi Hawass & Mark Lehner's book17:45 David Lightbody 'Questioning the Void'19:33 Relieving Space?21:49 Unprecedented discoveries24:15 Opportunity for success
Granite clues to the pyramids hidden in plain sight. History for GRANITE 2022-03-10 | The third pyramid at Giza was decadently cased in beautiful Aswan granite. This monument, attributed to Menkaure, is a hidden gem that has been neglected by Egyptology. There is priceless evidence strewn about the pyramid which can further our understanding of ancient history.Granite, the most durable and expensive construction material in antiquity, is one of the best ways to judge the values and practices of ancient cultures because of the high cost of use. Why has Egypt never fully excavated Menkaure's pyramid? What secrets might be found among the mountains of granite debris? Why are some stones dressed smoothly and others left rough?This video explores the visible evidence left on the pyramid and offers up secrets that might be revealed with a thorough archaeological study of the entire site.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------
The Entrance Vault to the Great Pyramid and ScanPyramids corridor explained History for GRANITE 2022-02-12 | The enormous gabled chevron blocks above the entrance to the Great Pyramid have confounded explorers and researchers for centuries. The purpose for this Tura limestone saddle vault ceiling has seemed inexplicable, because the corridor below doesn't use them to relieve weight from above.In 2016 the ScanPyramids research mission shocked the world by announcing the detection of a hidden corridor-like space behind the chevron blocks that sit above the entrance. Egyptology has not yet fully investigated this phenomenon, nor given a realistic explanation for its existence.In this video we meticulously reconstruct the partially destroyed Entrance Vault to determine its original design and a likely purpose for its construction. We then connect the ScanPyramids corridor to the Entrance Vault for a complete analysis, and peer back into time to determine what the Old Kingdom Egyptians were really up to.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------
Was the Sarcophagus in the Pyramid of Khafre Sabotaged? History for GRANITE 2022-01-31 | The pyramid of Khafre contains many mysteries, despite being in the shadow of the Great Pyramid of Giza. When examining the sarcophagus in this pyramid, an enormous question is brought to light.How on earth was this sarcophagus opened without destroying it?The discrepancy between the security defenses of the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre are highly conspicuous, and further add to the intrigue of why certain decisions were made.Did looters expertly attack Khafre’s coffer with unparalleled precision… or was something else afoot when the pharaoh was laid to rest?------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------For great information about the pyramids and temples of Egypt, check out Keith Hamilton’s illustrated guides to them at: https://independent.academia.edu/KeithHamilton0:00 Intro1:50 Pyramids as tombs?2:48 Khafre sarcophagus3:58 Tomb security5:37 Sarcophagus design features6:53 Copper pins cemented7:35 Undamaged coffer10:07 Battering the coffer11:05 Conspiracy to plunder?12:45 Solving a mystery
What are the Rogue Granite Blocks inside the Great Pyramid? History for GRANITE 2022-01-21 | The Great Pyramid of Egypt still contains scattered fragments that are clues to how the monument once functioned. These precious remnants tell a story of destruction and preservation which has allowed them to endure the curiosity of humans for thousands of years.Most of these granite remains are never seen by visitors, tucked away in the most obscure and hard to reach locations within the enormous structure.This video traces the history of their whereabouts from every known written account and reconstructs what their original purpose was.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------Link to Maragioglio & Rinaldi pyramid diagrams:(archive.org has their other volumes for other pyramids)https://gizamedia.rc.fas.harvard.edu/images/MFA-images/Giza/GizaImage/full/library/maragioglio_piramidi_4tav.pdf0:00 Intro1:41 Missing 5th granite block2:44 The 4 present granite blocks3:44 Granite Block 1 outside7:20 Maragioglio & Rinaldi's mistake8:51 Granite Block 2 in the alcove9:29 Granite Block 3 in the pit10:19 Granite Block 4 in the grotto12:22 Stones roll downhill12:52 Matching the portcullis grooves14:22 Portcullis dimensions15:26 Preservation of the Great Pyramid
Did the Prism Stone of the Great Pyramid exist? History for GRANITE 2022-01-07 | The junction of corridors within the Great Pyramid is a unique and mysterious feature that is greatly misunderstood. This key point of entry was required to gain access to the upper chambers where the burial of the pharaoh and his great treasures would be located.The corridor junction is completely sealed with three enormous granite blocks that still remain in their final position. This method of closure for the upper chambers of the pyramid is a controversial subject because it does not disguise this point of entry.This video takes a close examination of the physical evidence and demonstrates that pyramid defense features of the Old Kingdom cannot be judged by the standards of later pharaohs or explorers who ventured inside.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------
The Casing Stones & Pyramidion of The Great Pyramid History for GRANITE 2021-12-15 | Reconstructions of the Great Pyramid often show it glistening and smooth with an enormous gilded capstone. But how realistic is this?The history of how Egyptian pyramids lost their casing stones is a tale of physics and greed, with only the Bent Pyramid of Dahshur escaping the fate of being entirely plundered.But were the tips of the pyramids really covered in gold? How big could the capstones (pyramidions) really have been? We examine the history of these pyramidions and what the evidence suggests about how they might have looked on top of the 4th dynasty megaliths.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:16 Tura limestone casing2:06 Thermal expansion3:23 Quarrying stones4:13 Khafre casing stones5:00 Pyramidions6:47 Smaller pyramid capstones7:41 [correction] Khafre's missing top is closer to 3 meters8:18 Visual impact of contrast
The Great Breach is the Oldest Pyramid Hoax? History for GRANITE 2021-12-08 | The pyramid of Menkaure at Giza has an enormous breach on its northern face. The story of this scar is examined to see how much truth is behind its original tale.Menkaure was the son of pharaoh Khafre and grandson of the pharaoh Khufu, (owner of the Great Pyramid). His pyramid is the 3rd largest on the Giza plateau, famously cased in Aswan Granite in the lower section. This pyramid was known throughout antiquity as the colored pyramid, or even sometimes as the 'red' pyramid because of the darker casing stones.The Islamic Golden age was a time when this pyramid was fabled to contain vast amounts of treasure, as recorded in the book '1001 Arabian Nights'. It is during this era that the pyramid was damaged, and this video scrutinizes the story of its desecration.Lastly, we see how this tradition carries on into the modern era from academic Egyptologists such as Zahi Hawass.------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:00 Islamic Golden Age treasure1:35 Great Breach2:16 Ab dal-Latif's written account from 1196 A.D.5:02 Historians acceptance5:24 How would you dismantle a pyramid?7:08 Purpose of the Breach8:20 Comparing the Great Pyramid design9:25 Reasons for deception10:19 Modern treasure fables
The Great Pyramid reveals how it was built! History for GRANITE 2021-12-02 | The Great Pyramid has evoked many theories about its construction. With the advent of drone photography, we get a closer look at the summit and can see amazing evidence for the methods used by builders to get megalithic blocks all the way to the top. There is an opportunity for you to make the discovery for yourself! Watch and listen to the clues and see if you can figure it out before the reveal.What's with the lone dark stone that stands out from the yellow limestone? Is it a different composition or was there granite used at the very top?Do you miss the metal scaffolding that used to mark the original apex or does Khufu's pyramid look better without it? ------------------Join this channel to get access to livestreams:youtube.com/channel/UCDWboBDVnIsGdYSK3KUO0hQ/join------------------0:00 Intro1:14 Drone imagery2:24 Great Pyramid summit3:52 Spot the pattern?5:24 Evidence for construction6:34 Microgravimetry pattern7:10 Stepped pyramids8:29 Historical accounts
