Hubble Space Telescope | To Catch a Dancing Star: The Story of ‘Extreme Precision’ Spectroscopy @hubblespacetelescope | Uploaded February 2022 | Updated October 2024, 10 hours ago.
Arpita Roy, Space Telescope Science Institute
It has been three decades since astronomers first discovered planets outside our Solar System. This profound scientific moment established the field of exoplanet science and has led us on a whirlwind tour of other worlds, none of which (so far) have been quite like our own. With a few thousand planets under our belt, we are now preparing to hone in on truly Earth-like planets by upgrading some of our oldest planet-hunting tools. Dr. Roy will trace the history of the Nobel Prize-winning “radial velocity" or "Doppler" technique — from the 1970s to current day, from non-precision to extreme precision spectroscopy. We will traverse four orders of magnitude in improvement, and encounter surprisingly dangerous experiments. All of these developments have led to an unprecedented view of the subtle dance being performed by the stars in our sky.
- News from the Universe starts at 3:36
- Main talk starts at 12:55
Host: Frank Summers, Space Telescope Science Institute
Recorded live on Tuesday, February 1, 2022
More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures
Arpita Roy, Space Telescope Science Institute
It has been three decades since astronomers first discovered planets outside our Solar System. This profound scientific moment established the field of exoplanet science and has led us on a whirlwind tour of other worlds, none of which (so far) have been quite like our own. With a few thousand planets under our belt, we are now preparing to hone in on truly Earth-like planets by upgrading some of our oldest planet-hunting tools. Dr. Roy will trace the history of the Nobel Prize-winning “radial velocity" or "Doppler" technique — from the 1970s to current day, from non-precision to extreme precision spectroscopy. We will traverse four orders of magnitude in improvement, and encounter surprisingly dangerous experiments. All of these developments have led to an unprecedented view of the subtle dance being performed by the stars in our sky.
- News from the Universe starts at 3:36
- Main talk starts at 12:55
Host: Frank Summers, Space Telescope Science Institute
Recorded live on Tuesday, February 1, 2022
More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures
![HH666: The Hidden Jet Launch [UltraHD]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eLSBfEo3Hx4/hqdefault.jpg "HH666: The Hidden Jet Launch [UltraHD]
Herbig Haro 666 is a young star that is shooting out narrow collimated jets in opposite directions. The jets are a byproduct of material falling onto to the star. The material is heated and then escapes along the star’s spin axis. Blazing across space at 200,000 miles per hour, the jets provide a way for the star to slow its spin by carrying off angular momentum. The star is hidden deep within the obscuring cloud of gas and dust shown in the Hubble visible-light image. In Hubble’s infrared view, the cloud mostly disappears, revealing the stars within. The jets will extend out to a light-year before dissipating. Jets are a dramatic example of the interaction between stars and the gas and dust that surrounds them.
Video: NASA, ESA, G. Bacon (STScI)
Image: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team (STScI)")
![Kepler Supernova Remnant in Multiple Wavelengths [UltraHD]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ebaUBUmIB9M/hqdefault.jpg "Kepler Supernova Remnant in Multiple Wavelengths [UltraHD]
This animation shows the remnant of Keplers Supernova, shown first in infrared, then visible, then low energy X-ray, then high-energy X-ray emission and finally in combination.
In 1604, astronomer Johannes Kepler noted the appearance of a new bright object in the sky, visible to the naked eye for the next 18 months. Today we know that he was seeing the death of a star 20,000 light years from Earth. It was more than ten times the mass of our sun.
Now, more than four hundred years later, several of NASA’s Great Observatories combined to produce a multi-wavelength image of the expanding remnant. Although the initial blast was caused by the implosion of the star core that rebounded to violently eject material. The supernova today can be seen as it impacts surrounding material that was likely ejected in previous episodes of losing mass into space.
The multiple wavelengths show separated layers of emission that represent different portions of the impact. Infrared (Spitzer) traces the coolest material as it is heated by the ejecta. The optical emission (Hubble) traces hot (several thousand degree) gas that is excited by the collision. The lower energy X-ray (Chandra) represents much hotter gas - up to a few million degrees, Fahrenheit, similar to the hot corona of our sun. The highest energy X-ray emission can reach tens of millions of degrees. This emission is closest to the most powerful portions of the expanding blast wave. The observations reveal that Keplers supernova was a Type Ia - a supernova caused by the transfer of material between two smaller dwarf stars. The added material brings the total mass of one of the stars beyond the critical threshold for supernova collapse.
Video: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI)
Images: NASA, ESA, R. Sankrit and W. Blair (Johns Hopkins University)")
![Debris Disks and the Evolution of Planetary Systems [repost]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fJJr4tJA0Vc/hqdefault.jpg "Debris Disks and the Evolution of Planetary Systems [repost]
[This repost fixes audio problems with the original recording.]
Debris Disks and the Evolution of Planetary Systems
Christine Chen, Space Telescope Science Institute
Debris disks are dusty disks around middle-aged stars, believed to be analogous to the asteroid and Kuiper belts in our own Solar System. The dust in these systems absorbs and scatters star light, with the absorbed light heating up the dust. Space-based infrared observatories are the best tools with which to not only discover, but also characterize these planetary systems. These studies probe the nature and diversity of extrasolar systems, and help place our own into proper context. Is our Solar System common or rare?
- Astronomy from a 747 starts at 2:20
- Main talk starts at 14:56
Host: Dr. Joel Green
Recorded live on December 1, 2016 at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, MD, USA
MORE INFO: http://hubblesite.org/about_us/public_talks/")
