The Surprising Truth About String Theory #physics #interesting @ArvinAsh

Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

Full video here: youtu.be/roz3665OpTA

Is String Theory dead? Why do so many scientists still care about this theory that has never been proven to be correct. Well, the math shows us something astounting! This video will tell you what that is.

The Surprising Truth About String Theory #physics #interesting

$Physicists Are Questioning Dark Matter—Heres Why Support the Research Behind this Channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash REFERENCES Strongest Evidence favoring Dark Matter https://youtu.be/HRMR7eMKLz0 Strongest Evidence AGAINST Dark Matter https://youtu.be/zZYHPSONxqI How to Catch Dark Matter https://youtu.be/ufZ5_bc6aqM Strongest Candidates for the Dark Matter Particle https://youtu.be/915Vky7r_gk CMB Simulator https://plancksatellite.org.uk/cmb-sim/ CHAPTERS 0:00 Missing Gravity Problem of Cosmos 0:45 How Dark Matter was theorized 2:44 How do we know Dark Matter affected the early universe? 5:48 How do we see Dark Matter, even though its invisible? 7:48 How can we be so sure that dark matter exists? 11:02 What could the dark matter particle be? WIMP 12:22 Neutralinos & Why Dark Matter must interact with the Weak Nuclear force? 14:04 Second viable candidate for Dark Matter: Axion 17:22 The case AGAINST Dark Matter - the story 18:48 Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) 12:20 Why dont we get rid of Dark Matter? SUMMARY This video summarizes the mystery of dark matter, the unseen substance believed to make up most of the matter in the universe. Although the cosmos appears full of luminous objects such as stars, galaxies, and glowing gas, scientists have discovered that the majority of matter does not emit, absorb or reflect light. This invisible component is called dark matter. The video aims to explain what dark matter is, the evidence suggesting it exists, possible explanations for what it might be made of, and why some scientists question whether it exists at all. Dark matter is defined as a form of matter that does not interact with light or any other type of electromagnetic radiation. Because it neither emits nor reflects light, it cannot be observed directly with telescopes. Instead, astronomers infer its existence through its gravitational influence on visible matter and the structure of the universe. Current estimates suggest that dark matter makes up roughly 85% of all matter in the universe, leaving ordinary matter—atoms that form stars, planets, and people—as only a small fraction of the total. The strongest evidence for dark matter comes from astronomical observations, particularly the rotation of galaxies. According to Newtonian gravity and the visible mass within galaxies, stars located far from a galaxy’s center should move more slowly than those near the center. However, observations show that outer stars move much faster than expected. If only visible matter were present, galaxies would not remain stable—they would fly apart. The most widely accepted explanation is that galaxies are embedded in halos of unseen mass that provide additional gravitational pull. This hidden mass is what scientists call dark matter. Because dark matter cannot be made of ordinary atoms—since normal matter interacts with light—physicists have proposed several hypothetical particle candidates. One leading possibility is WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), particles that interact through gravity and the weak nuclear force but rarely interact with other matter. Another candidate is the axion, a very light particle originally proposed to solve a theoretical problem in quantum chromodynamics. A third possibility involves MACHOs (Massive Compact Halo Objects) such as faint stars, black holes, or other compact objects. However, observations suggest that MACHOs cannot account for the total amount of dark matter needed to explain cosmic structures. The video also clarifies the difference between dark matter and dark energy, two concepts often confused because of their names. Dark matter acts as an additional source of gravity that helps hold galaxies together, while dark energy is a completely different phenomenon—an unknown form of energy that permeates space and drives the accelerated expansion of the universe. Despite strong observational evidence, dark matter has never been directly detected. This has led some physicists to propose alternative ideas such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). MOND suggests that the laws of gravity may behave differently at extremely low accelerations, which could explain galaxy rotation without invoking unseen matter. While MOND successfully predicts some galactic behavior, it struggles to explain larger-scale observations such as galaxy clusters and patterns in the cosmic microwave background. #darkmatter Dark matter remains one of the most important unsolved problems in physics. Whether the solution involves new particles, new physics, or a deeper understanding of gravity, solving this mystery could fundamentally reshape our understanding of the universe.$

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$How Israel and the US Destroyed IRANs Nuclear Program REMOTELY! Sign up for ESET Home internet security for FREE: https://www.eset.com/us/protecting-art-smart/ ESET is sponsoring the STARMUS festival in Bratislava, Slovakia May 12-17, 2024: https://www.starmus.com/ TALK TO ME on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash REFERENCES: How ChatGPT works: https://youtu.be/WAiqNav2cRE CSOonline Stuxnet article: https://tinyurl.com/yovpvh5m Anatomy of Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/2xjkpqxe Medium article on Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/233j7dj8 Avast article on Stuxnet: https://www.avast.com/c-stuxnet IEEE article: https://www.avast.com/c-stuxnet Significance of Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/267jugyp News Story about Nanatz attack: https://tinyurl.com/28kjgoe3 CHAPTERS: 0:00 How Stuxnet started 1:58 Who created Stuxnet & Why 3:54 How Stuxnet worked 6:33 How Stuxnet was detected 9:54 What Stuxnet implies for the future of hacking 11:44 ESET is a way to protect yourself (sponsor) SUMMARY: It is thought that a person working at an Iranian nuclear facility inserted a malware-infected USB drive into a computer. This malware is called Stuxnet and was developed by the USA and Israel specifically to damage Iranian centrifuges which were involved in enriching Uranium for development of a nuclear bomb. This set the Iranian nuclear program back by about 2 years. This was the first known case of physical equipment being damaged by malware. It was the first case of cyber warfare. The year was about 2005. This particular malware was designed in such a way that it mostly stayed dormant and made such subtle changes over such a long period of time, that no one noticed it for years. #stuxnet #virus It was designed specifically to target PLCs, that is Programmable Logic Controllers. These are industrial computers that control industrial processes. In this case the target was centrifuges. Iran had gone to great lengths to ensure security. For example the facility’s computers were not physically connected to any computer outside the facility. This is called an air gap. So there was seemingly no way to infiltrate these computers remotely via any kind of internet or extranet. Stuxnet exploited at least 4 previously unknown Windows vulnerabilities. These are called zero day vulnerabilities – they are security flaws for which the vendor has not yet made a patch. Stuxnet was discovered in 2010, but it’s estimated that development on it probably began in 2005 under the George W Bush and Barak Obama administrations. These administrations believed that if Iran were to develop atomic weapons, Israel would launch airstrikes against them, which could trigger a major conflict and destabilize the region. Developing and unleashing a cyberwarfare software weapon was seen as a nonviolent alternative. The program was labeled Operation Olympic Games. It was designed to destroy the centrifuges that Iran was using to enrich uranium for its nuclear bomb program. Why is enrichment needed? Because Mined Uranium has only a small fraction of fissile U235 of 0.7%. It has to be at least 90% U235 in order to be used in a nuclear weapon. A centrifuge is used to spin uranium fast enough to separate the lighter U235 isotope from U238. The nature of these centrifuges is such that they tend to have a short lifetime. They get damaged in normal operation. But Stuxnet was able to damage many more than in normal operation. Stuxnet altered Siemens PLC programming which caused the centrifuges to spin irregularly, damaging or destroying them more often in the process. And even more brilliantly, while this malfunction was happening, the worm used a vulnerability in the Siemens software to change the PLCs programming so that it would tell all the controlling computers that nothing was wrong. So it infected both the computer software and the control software running the PLCs. How was the Stuxnet worm eventually detected? Only after it unexpectedly spread beyond the air gap of the Iranian nuclear facility. No one knows exactly how it got out. Kaspersky lab estimates that it took a team of at least 10 developers 3 years to develop the worm. Neither the US nor Israel have officially admitted to creating Stuxnet, and none of its developers have ever come forward. Stuxnet showed, for the first time, that malware can actually affect the physical world, not just your PC or digital data. In this case it was destroying centrifuges. But subsequent cyberattacks have targeted other types of machines, for example Industroyer, developed by Russia-sponsored hackers, targeted industrial control systems and disrupted the Ukranian power grid in 2016. Stuxnet showed that almost nothing is off limits to hackers intent on malice. A hacker could conceivably take over and put such devices under the control of a malicious entity. Imagine someone taking over your IV drug dosage remotely while you’re in the hospital, or remotely driving your car.$

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