The Spleen (Structures, Function, Topography, Coverings and Ligaments)

Uploaded November 2021 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago

🌐 Website: taimtalksmed.com
🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join
🔬 Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34

📲 Other Links:
Instagram: instagram.com/taimtalksmed
Discord: discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey

Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:33 External Structures
1:13 Functions of the Spleen
3:53 Topography of Spleen
4:24 Coverings and Ligaments of Spleen

External Structures:
- 12-14 cm long
- 8-10cm wide
- 3-4 cm thick
- Weight around 140-200 grams
- Contains a lot of blood

Functions of the Spleen:
- Secondary lymphoid organs
- Destroy old red blood cells and platelets
- Mount an Immune Response against foreign matter in the blood

Topography of Spleen:
- Holotopy: Left hypochondriac region
- Syntopy:
○ Visceral Surface (Facies Visceralis):
§ Splenic Hilum (Hilum Splenicum)
○ Diaphragmatic Surface (Facies Diaphragmatica)

Coverings and Ligaments of Spleen:
- Fibrous Capsule (Capsula Fibrosa)
- Tunica Serosa
○ Gastrosplenic Ligament (ligamentum gastrosplenicum)
○ Phrenicosplenic Ligament (Ligamentum Phrenicosplenicum)
○ Phrenicocolic Ligament (Ligamentum phrenicocolicum)

Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

The Spleen (Structures, Function, Topography, Coverings and Ligaments) - Anatomy

Oral Vestibule (Lips, Cheeks, Teeth, Gums) - Oral Cavity Anatomy

$Brachial Plexus (Scheme + Quiz) | Anatomy 🌐 Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ 🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 🔬 Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 📲 Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey Content: 0:00 Introduction 00:37 Topography of Brachial Plexus 01:38 Scheme of the Brachial Plexus 05:11 Supraclavicular Branches of Brachial Plexus 09:40 Infraclavicular Part of Brachial Plexus 19:42 QUIZ Topography: - Anterior branch of spinal nerve - From spinal nerve C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 General Outline of Brachial Plexus: - Landmarks mnemonics: Really Tired, Drink Coffee Now - Root, Trunk, Division, Cord, Nerves - Superior Trunk (truncus superior) - Middle Trunk (truncus medius) - Inferior Trunk (truncus inferior) - Anterior and Posterior Divisions - Posterior cord (funiculus posterior) - Lateral Cord (Fasciculus lateralis) - Medial Cord (Fasciculus Medialis) Supraclavicular Branches of Brachial Plexus: - Dorsal Scapular Nerve (nervus dorsalis scapulae) - Long Thoracic Nerve (Nervus thoracicus longus) - Suprascapular nerve (nervus suprascapularis) - Subclavian nerve (nervus subclavius) - Lateral Pectoral Nerve (nervus pectoralis lateralis) - Upper Subscapular nerve (nervi subscapularis) - Lower Subscapular Nerve - Thoracodorsal Nerve (nervus thoracodorsalis) - Medial Pectoral Nerve (nervus pectoralis medialis) Infraclavicular Branches of the Brachial Plexus - Medial Cutaneous nerve of forearm (nervus cutaneus antebrachii medialis) - Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (nervus cutaneus brachii medialis) - Musculocutaneous nerve (nervus musculocutaneous) - Axillary Nerve (nervus axillarus) - Radial Nerve (nervus radialis) - Median Nerve (nervi mediani) - Ulnar nerve (nervus ulnaris) Quiz!$

CN 12: Hypoglossal Nerve (Scheme, Nucleus, Pathway) | Neuroanatomy

Im FINALLY making my OWN Anatomy Textbook… and I Need Your Help

Cellular Immunity (T-Cytotoxic, NK Cell, Macrophage, Immunity To Virus, Interferons) | Immunology

Humoral Immunity (ALL Steps) | Immunology

$Wrist & Hand Bones (Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges) | Anatomy 🌐 Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ 🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 🔬 Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 📲 Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey Content: 00:00 Introduction & Content 00:35 Carpal Bones 00:51 Proximal Row of Wrist Bones 02:51 Distal Row of Wrist Bones 05:09 Wrist Bones 05:31 Bones of the Hand 05:41 Metacarpal Bones 06:45 Phalanges 07:53 Sesamoid Bones of the Hand 09:40 Outro & Next Topic Carpal Bones (Ossa carpi) The wrist consists of 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows: a proximal row and a distal row. These short, irregular bones allow for the wrist’s flexibility and stability. Proximal row (lateral to medial): - Scaphoid (os scaphoideum) – Articulates proximally with the radius and distally with the trapezium and trapezoid. Medially connects with the lunate. Notable for its tubercle on the palmar side, contributing to the carpal tunnel’s lateral wall. - Lunate (os lunatum) – Lies between the scaphoid and triquetrum. Articulates proximally with the radius and distally with the capitate. - Triquetrum (os triquetrum) – Medial to the lunate. Articulates with lunate, pisiform (anteriorly), and hamate. - Pisiform (os pisiforme) – A sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. Articulates with the triquetrum. Serves as the attachment for: - Pisohamate ligament - Pisometacarpal ligament - Origin for abductor digiti minimi Distal row (lateral to medial): - Trapezium (os trapezium) – Articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals. Located beneath the thumb. Features: - Tubercle of trapezium - Groove for the tendon of flexor carpi radialis - Trapezoid (os trapezoideum) – Medial to the trapezium. Articulates with 2nd metacarpal, scaphoid, and capitate. - Capitate (os capitatum) – The largest carpal bone, articulates with 3rd metacarpal, lunate, scaphoid, trapezoid, and hamate. - Features: Head (proximal) and base (distal) - Hamate (os hamatum) – Medial-most bone in the distal row. - Articulates with 4th and 5th metacarpals, capitate, and triquetrum. - Features the hook of hamate, serving as an attachment for: - Pisohamate ligament - Flexor digiti minimi - Opponens digiti minimi Mnemonic used: “Scary Lions Try Pizza, Then They Chase Hamsters” (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate) Metacarpal Bones (Ossa metacarpi) There are 5 metacarpals, numbered I–V (lateral to medial), forming the palm of the hand. - Each consists of a base, shaft, and head. - The 1st metacarpal is shorter and thicker with a saddle-shaped base that articulates with the trapezium, allowing thumb opposition. - The heads articulate with the proximal phalanges, forming the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, visible as knuckles during flexion. Phalanges (Ossa digitorum) The hand contains 14 phalanges divided into: - Proximal phalanges (phalanges proximales) – Present in all 5 digits. - Middle phalanges (phalanges mediae) – Absent in the thumb. - Distal phalanges (phalanges distales) – Present in all 5 digits. Structural components: - Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head (except distal phalanges). - Distal phalanges end in a tuberosity of the distal phalanx (tuberositas phalangis distalis) that anchors the flexor digitorum profundus tendon and supports the fingertip pulp. Sesamoid Bones (Ossa sesamoidea) - Found typically at the 1st MCP joint embedded in the tendon of flexor pollicis brevis. - Function as biomechanical levers that enhance thumb flexion force. - Can also appear at the 2nd, 3rd, or 5th MCP joints, depending on population. Radiological study mentioned: - Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation (2017) analyzed over 300 Chinese hand X-rays. - Found sesamoid bones at the thumb MCP joint in 100% of cases. - Noted ethnic variation in occurrence at other MCP joints. - Left–right symmetry in sesamoid distribution was observed across all patients. Clinical Relevance - Scaphoid fracture – Most common carpal fracture; risk of avascular necrosis due to poor blood supply. - Hook of hamate fracture – Common in sports with racquets or bats. - First carpometacarpal arthritis – Affects thumb base; impacts opposition. - Sesamoiditis – Inflammation of sesamoid bones, often misdiagnosed. - Fractures of phalanges/metacarpals – Common due to direct trauma or punching injuries. - Thumb opposition impairment – Due to dysfunction of saddle joint or thenar muscles. Sources: - Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed. • Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd ed. • Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation • White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint$ $Femur (Thigh Bone): Landmarks, Surfaces & Muscle Attachments | Clinical Anatomy 🌐Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ 🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 🔬Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 📲Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey Content: 00:00 Introduction & Content 00:47 Femur Anatomy 01:05 Proximal Femur 04:15 Shaft of Femur 06:26 Distal Femur Structures 07:48 Force Distribution Across Femur 08:26 Ending and Next Topic In this video, we go through the full anatomy of the femur, dividing it into its three major regions: the proximal end, the shaft (body), and the distal end. Structures of the Femur Proximal End of the Femur - Head of femur (caput femoris): Spherical structure that articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. - Fovea of the head (fovea capitis femoris): Small pit on the medial surface of the femoral head where the ligament of the head of femur attaches. - Neck of femur (collum femoris): Narrow region connecting the head to the shaft, commonly fractured in elderly individuals. - Greater trochanter (trochanter major): Large lateral projection providing insertion for gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus. - Trochanteric fossa (fossa trochanterica): Depression on the medial side of the greater trochanter where obturator externus inserts. - Lesser trochanter (trochanter minor): Posteromedial projection for insertion of the iliopsoas muscle. - Intertrochanteric line (linea intertrochanterica): Anterior ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters; attachment site for the iliofemoral ligament and origin of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. - Intertrochanteric crest (crista intertrochanterica): Posterior ridge connecting the trochanters; contains the quadrate tubercle. - Quadrate tubercle (tuberculum quadratum): Site of insertion for quadratus femoris muscle. Shaft of the Femur (Corpus femoris) - Pectineal line (linea pectinea): Ridge on the posterior surface for insertion of pectineus muscle. - Gluteal tuberosity (tuberositas glutea): Posterior surface ridge for insertion of gluteus maximus. - Linea aspera (linea aspera): Prominent ridge running down the posterior shaft; composed of medial and lateral lips and an intermediate zone. - Medial lip (labium mediale): Site for origin of vastus medialis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and insertion of adductor magnus. - Lateral lip (labium laterale): Site for origin of vastus lateralis, short head of biceps femoris, and lateral intermuscular septum. - Intermediate zone (zona intermedia): Central part of linea aspera. - Medial supracondylar line (linea supracondylaris medialis): Continuation of medial lip; attachment for adductor magnus. - Lateral supracondylar line (linea supracondylaris lateralis): Continuation of lateral lip; origin of plantaris muscle. - Anterior surface (facies anterior): Located between medial and lateral borders; origin of vastus intermedius. - Posterior surface (facies posterior): Upper back surface of the shaft. - Popliteal surface (facies poplitea): Triangular area on the posterior surface near the distal end. - Medial surface (facies medialis): Located between anterior and medial borders. - Lateral surface (facies lateralis): Located between anterior and lateral borders. - Medial border (margo medialis): Separates medial and anterior surfaces. - Lateral border (margo lateralis): Separates lateral and anterior surfaces. Distal End of the Femur - Medial condyle (condylus medialis): Large, rounded medial projection for articulation with tibia. - Lateral condyle (condylus lateralis): Large, rounded lateral projection also articulating with tibia. - Medial epicondyle (epicondylus medialis): Prominence above the medial condyle; attachment site for tibial collateral ligament. - Adductor tubercle (tuberculum adductorium): Located on medial epicondyle; insertion site for adductor magnus. - Lateral epicondyle (epicondylus lateralis): Prominence above the lateral condyle; attachment site for fibular collateral ligament. - Groove for popliteus (sulcus musculi poplitei): Small groove on lateral condyle for popliteus muscle tendon. - Intercondylar fossa (fossa intercondylaris) - Intercondylar line (linea intercondylaris) - Patellar surface (facies patellaris) Clinical Notes - Femoral neck fractures: Common in older adults, especially postmenopausal women; can compromise blood supply. - Supracondylar fractures: Common in pediatric populations; can damage neurovascular structures. - Hip flexor injuries: Involving the lesser trochanter and iliopsoas tendon. Sources: - Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed. - Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd edition - White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual Programs used: Complete Anatomy (3D4Medical), PowerPoint, Canva, Camtasia$

Skull Joints: Fontanelles, Sutures, TMJ & Synchondroses | Anatomy