Uploaded August 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago

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Further Reading:
Tacitus - The Annals

Suetonius - Lives of the Caesars

Cassius Dio - Roman History

Ross Cowan - Roman Guardsman 62 BC-AD 324

open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/831/1.0099480/2

worldhistory.org/Praetorian_Guard

warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-praetorian-guard

historytoday.com/archive/praetorian-guard

historyextra.com/period/roman/the-emperors-fatal-servants

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/80*.html#79-20
livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-4.13
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/74*.html#11
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/67*.html#15
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Vitellius*.html#17
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Vitellius*.html#10
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Galba*.html#26
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Galba*.html#2
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Galba*.html#9
oxfordre.com/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-4484
bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/claudius.shtml
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#58
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#56
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/58*.html#biography https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/4A*.html#8
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#21.6
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/naumachia.html
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Castra_Praetoria.html
https://www.academia.edu/97062892/Roman_Guardsman_62_BC_AD_324_proof_
https://www.academia.edu/97062892/Roman_Guardsman_62_BC_AD_324_proof_
oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110928163910501
historytoday.com/archive/praetorian-guard

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