Uploaded October 2023 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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References:
[1] globsec.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Demining%20in%20Ukraine%20report%20ver5%20web.pdf
[2] washingtonpost.com/world/2023/07/22/ukraine-is-now-most-mined-country-it-will-take-decades-make-safe
[3] globsec.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Demining%20in%20Ukraine%20report%20ver5%20web.pdf
[4] cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/landmines/pfm-1-landmine
[5] web.archive.org/web/20110218091947/http://www-personal.acfr.usyd.edu.au/spns/pubcache/poster_JUL31_LN_final-small.pdf
[6] cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/landmines/ozm-72-landmine
[7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TM-62#:~:text=The%20TM%2D62%20is%20a,variants%20differ%20greatly%20in%20detail.
[8]gichd.org/fileadmin/uploads/gichd/Publications/GICHD_Ukraine_Guide_2022_Second_Edition_web.pdf
[9] armourersbench.com/2022/09/18/ptkm-1r-russias-most-advanced-anti-tank-mine
[10]defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3518903/biden-administration-announces-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine
[11]man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/m58-miclic.htm
[12]govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-115hrpt676/html/CRPT-115hrpt676.htm
[13]researchgate.net/publication/221786302_Humanitarian_Demining_the_Problem_Difficulties_Priorities_Demining_Technology_and_the_Challenge_for_Robotics
[14]defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2002015901
[15] revistajaraysedal.es/en/ukrainian-farmer-tractor-remove-landmines
[16] iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/bulletin/bull43-2/43205031619.pdf
[17] halotrust.org/where-we-work/south-asia/cambodia
[18] archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/publications/display?url=lm/1999/afghanistan
[19] unmas.org/en/programmes/afghanistan
[20] rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/RAND_MR1608.pdf
[21] halotrust.org/latest/halo-updates/news/kakhovka-dam-floods-amplify-ukraine-mine-emergency
[22] media.defense.gov/2020/Jan/31/2002242359/-1/-1/1/DOD-POLICY-ON-LANDMINES.PDF
[23] hrw.org/news/2020/02/27/questions-and-answers-new-us-landmine-policy
[24] rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/RAND_MR1608.pdf
[25] journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5772/5699
[26] humanitarian-demining.org/2010design/resources/HSTAMIDS_FS-17Sep2021.pdf
[27] scientificamerican.com/article/to-clear-deadly-land-mines-science-turns-to-drones-and-machine-learning
[28] researchgate.net/profile/Timothy-Smet/publication/367984561_Utilizing_UAV-based_hyperspectral_imaging_to_detect_surficial_explosive_ordnance/links/63e310b9c002331f725fe7f5/Utilizing-UAV-based-hyperspectral-imaging-to-detect-surficial-explosive-ordnance.pdf
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Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung
Get Nebula for 50% off with my link: go.nebula.tv/realengineering
Watch this video ad free on Nebula: nebula.tv/videos/realengineering-the-painful-engineering-of-demining-ukraine
Links to everything I do:
beacons.ai/brianmcmanus
Get your Real Engineering shirts at: standard.tv/collections/real-engineering
References:
[1] globsec.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Demining%20in%20Ukraine%20report%20ver5%20web.pdf
[2] washingtonpost.com/world/2023/07/22/ukraine-is-now-most-mined-country-it-will-take-decades-make-safe
[3] globsec.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Demining%20in%20Ukraine%20report%20ver5%20web.pdf
[4] cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/landmines/pfm-1-landmine
[5] web.archive.org/web/20110218091947/http://www-personal.acfr.usyd.edu.au/spns/pubcache/poster_JUL31_LN_final-small.pdf
[6] cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/landmines/ozm-72-landmine
[7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TM-62#:~:text=The%20TM%2D62%20is%20a,variants%20differ%20greatly%20in%20detail.
[8]gichd.org/fileadmin/uploads/gichd/Publications/GICHD_Ukraine_Guide_2022_Second_Edition_web.pdf
[9] armourersbench.com/2022/09/18/ptkm-1r-russias-most-advanced-anti-tank-mine
[10]defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3518903/biden-administration-announces-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine
[11]man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/m58-miclic.htm
[12]govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-115hrpt676/html/CRPT-115hrpt676.htm
[13]researchgate.net/publication/221786302_Humanitarian_Demining_the_Problem_Difficulties_Priorities_Demining_Technology_and_the_Challenge_for_Robotics
[14]defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2002015901
[15] revistajaraysedal.es/en/ukrainian-farmer-tractor-remove-landmines
[16] iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/magazines/bulletin/bull43-2/43205031619.pdf
[17] halotrust.org/where-we-work/south-asia/cambodia
[18] archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/publications/display?url=lm/1999/afghanistan
[19] unmas.org/en/programmes/afghanistan
[20] rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/RAND_MR1608.pdf
[21] halotrust.org/latest/halo-updates/news/kakhovka-dam-floods-amplify-ukraine-mine-emergency
[22] media.defense.gov/2020/Jan/31/2002242359/-1/-1/1/DOD-POLICY-ON-LANDMINES.PDF
[23] hrw.org/news/2020/02/27/questions-and-answers-new-us-landmine-policy
[24] rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1608/RAND_MR1608.pdf
[25] journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5772/5699
[26] humanitarian-demining.org/2010design/resources/HSTAMIDS_FS-17Sep2021.pdf
[27] scientificamerican.com/article/to-clear-deadly-land-mines-science-turns-to-drones-and-machine-learning
[28] researchgate.net/profile/Timothy-Smet/publication/367984561_Utilizing_UAV-based_hyperspectral_imaging_to_detect_surficial_explosive_ordnance/links/63e310b9c002331f725fe7f5/Utilizing-UAV-based-hyperspectral-imaging-to-detect-surficial-explosive-ordnance.pdf
Up Next
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

![The Truth About Carbon Taxes
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References:
[1] Economic impacts of each disaster http://stedc.tamucc.edu/files/HARVEY_Update_STEDC_2018Q3.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-00646-7
https://www.chron.com/politics/article/Texas-winter-storm-freeze-deaths-financial-cost-16585329.php
[2] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/22/climate/climate-change-economy.html#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20climate%20change,insurance%20to%20other%20insurance%20companies.
[3] https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70282.pdf
[4]https://www.convertunits.com/from/MJ/to/tonne+of+coal+equivalent
[5] https://www.carbontax.org/whats-a-carbon-tax/
[6] https://www.wri.org/insights/direct-air-capture-resource-considerations-and-costs-carbon-removal
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Truth About Carbon Taxes](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/aznOL753eiQ/mqdefault.jpg)







![The Insane Engineering of the DART Mission
Take the Real Engineering X Brilliant Course and get 20% off your an annual subscription: https://brilliant.org/realengineering
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Animator: Eli Prenten
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References:
[1] “Tsar Bomba | History, Location, Megatons, & Facts | Britannica.” [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tsar-Bomba. [Accessed: Oct. 11, 2022]
[2] “In Depth | DART,” NASA Solar System Exploration. [Online]. Available: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dart/in-depth. [Accessed: Oct. 03, 2022]
[3] “SMART Nav: Giving Spacecraft the Power to Guide Themselves.” [Online]. Available: https://www.jhuapl.edu/interactive/navigating-double-asteroid-redirection-test-on-its-own. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[4] “DART BUllseye.” [Online]. Available: https://dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Resources/article.php?id=20220926. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[5] https://youtu.be/fsZo1cxMqck?t=1682
[6] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/changing-how-solar-power-rolls
[5] “Why the asteroid threat should be taken seriously | Astronomy Magazine,” Astronomy.com. [Online]. Available: https://astronomy.com/bonus/asteroidday. [Accessed: Oct. 11, 2022]
[6] “DART Overview.” [Online]. Available: https://dart.jhuapl.edu/Mission/Impactor-Spacecraft.php. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[7] T. Talbert, “DART Tests Autonomous Navigation System Using Jupiter and Europa,” NASA, Sep. 20, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://www.nasa.gov/feature/dart-tests-autonomous-navigation-system-using-jupiter-and-europa. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[8] “DART Webb.” [Online]. Available: https://dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Resources/article.php?id=20220929. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[9] L. M. Gowran, “Bullseye: NASA’s DART strikes asteroid in historic deflection test,” Silicon Republic, Sep. 27, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/nasa-dart-asteroid-planetary-defense-dimorphos. [Accessed: Oct. 07, 2022]
[10] https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ac880d
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Insane Engineering of the DART Mission](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dLirH3PPrXQ/mqdefault.jpg)
![Which Is The Most Dangerous Car?
Be one of the first 500 people to sign up with this link and get 20% off your subscription with Brilliant.org! https://brilliant.org/realengineering/
New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/
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Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering
Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Stephanie Sammann (https://www.stephanie-sammann.com/)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
References:
[1]https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4818a1.htm
[2] https://www.nhtsa.gov/research-data/fatality-analysis-reporting-system-fars
[3] https://www.iseecars.com/most-dangerous-cars-2019-study
[4]https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle/2017/MITSUBISHI/MIRAGE
[5]https://www.iihs.org/ratings/vehicle/mitsubishi/mirage-4-door-hatchback/2015
[6] https://www.consumerreports.org/car-safety/federal-car-crash-testing-needs-major-overhaul-safety-advocates-say/
[7] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/steering-column
[8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31283362
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Youve Got Me Falling (Instrumental Version) - Blanches
Bloom - Dye O
Unruh - Moon Craters
Frozen in Time - Kikoru
Time Zones - Gavin Luke
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung Which Is The Most Dangerous Car?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dmPvGi4s9bg/mqdefault.jpg)