Uploaded December 2023 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Sign up to Brilliant using my link and get a 30 day free trial AND 20% off your an annual subscription: brilliant.org/realengineering
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Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung
![The Uncertain Future of Nuclear Power
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Writer: Josi Gold
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Animator: Eli Prenten
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/nuclear
[2] https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/three-mile-island-accident.aspx
[3] https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4184-0_6
[4] https://energy.mit.edu/research/future-nuclear-energy-carbon-constrained-world/
[5] https://www.dw.com/en/sweden-approves-plans-for-forsmark-nuclear-waste-storage-site/a-60584787
[6]https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onkalo_spent_nuclear_fuel_repository&oldid=1154243908
[7] https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/10/01/why-doesnt-u-s-recycle-nuclear-fuel/
[8] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elsa-Merle/publication/228588729_Liquid_Salt_Applications_and_Molten_Salt_Reactors/links/0912f50b22a65d1d39000000/Liquid-Salt-Applications-and-Molten-Salt-Reactors.pdf
[9] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1687850713000101
[10] https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-small-modular-reactors-smrs
[11] https://aris.iaea.org/Publications/SMR_Book_2020.pdf
[12] https://www.oecd-nea.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2021-03/7560_smr_report.pdf
[13] https://www.nuscalepower.com/en/products
[14] https://www.nuscalepower.com/-/media/nuscale/pdf/publications/plant-safety-in-response-to-extreme-events.pdf
[15] https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/08/1067992/smaller-nuclear-reactors/
[16]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9374057
[17]https://ieefa.org/resources/eye-popping-new-cost-estimates-released-nuscale-small-modular-reactor#:~:text=Key%20Findings,(SMR)%20have%20risen%20dramatically.&text=As%20recently%20as%20mid%2D2021,MWh%2C%20a%2053%25%20increase.
[18]https://energypost.eu/small-modular-reactor-cost-overruns-the-same-old-problems-haunt-new-nuclear-in-utah/
[19]https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2022/index
[20]https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2021-773.html
[21]https://smractionplan.ca/
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Uncertain Future of Nuclear Power](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/INl3pCXm6Tw/mqdefault.jpg)


![The Insane Engineering of the P-47 Thunderbolt
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Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
References
[1]
https://books.google.ie/books?id=Sq5pPTWlbqAC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=water+injection+p-47&source=bl&ots=mJ4sT8ZXKS&sig=ACfU3U3-ckQ2-buDr8P4pYcHvm0ivF5vPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnr5bat6nqAhVjoXEKHXbFAiQQ6AEwEXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=water%20injection%20p-47&f=false
[2] https://youtu.be/FcGoc7P1MnA
[3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1743967115300611
[4] http://www.aviation-history.com/republic/p47.html
[5] https://miro.medium.com/max/2000/1*G65ckgkqgLcxAP3zM7_Kuw.jpeg
[6] https://books.google.ie/books?id=qgbKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT8&lpg=PT8&dq=when+did+the+p-47+start+using+drop+tanks&source=bl&ots=xM2vtR8RY_&sig=ACfU3U3Gbt-E5LjTAypuxl5fXQAEEqG-pw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK9s_T373qAhUFXhUIHQoGDMcQ6AEwFXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=when%20did%20the%20p-47%20start%20using%20drop%20tanks&f=false
[7] http://www.368thfightergroup.com/P-47-armament.html
[8] http://www.56thfightergroup.co.uk/combatreports/adrianse-carter/index.html
[9] https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/republic-p-47d-30-ra-thunderbolt/nasm_A19600306000
[10] http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/p-47/p-47c-afdu.html#:~:text=Dive%20%E2%80%93%20The%20P%2D47%20is,Spitfire%20at%20about%2030%2C000%20feet.
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Insane Engineering of the P-47 Thunderbolt](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/IwqTN5fhMR8/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Truth About Pumped Hydro
This video was created in partnership with Bill Gates, inspired by his new book “How to Avoid a Climate Disaster.” Find out more here: http://gatesnot.es/2ZnGCCg
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Credits:
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Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
References:
[1] https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Apr/IRENA_Energy_subsidies_2020.pdf
[2] https://www.irena.org/newsroom/pressreleases/2019/Apr/Renewable-Energy-Now-Accounts-for-a-Third-of-Global-Power-Capacity
[3] https://www.esb.ie/docs/default-source/education-hub/turlough-hill-power-station
[4]https://smartgriddashboard.eirgrid.com/#all/generation
[5] https://smartgriddashboard.eirgrid.com/#all/wind
[6] https://smartgriddashboard.eirgrid.com/#all/generation?scroll=fuel
[7] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032114003773
[8] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918305270#b0215
[9] https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/ireland-proposes-us-948-million-360-mw-silvermines-pumped-storage-project/#gref
[10] https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/features/featurejapanese-pumped-storage-embraces-the-ocean-waves/
[11] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254243511830583X
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Truth About Pumped Hydro](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JSgd-QhLHRI/mqdefault.jpg)




![Can Nuclear Propulsion Take Us to Mars?
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Sound: Graham Haerther
Fact Checker: Charlie Garcia
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/frequently-asked-questions/fact-sheet/
[2] https://www.alumni.caltech.edu/distinguished-alumni/2018/5/27/gary-flandro-ms60-phd67
[3] https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status/
[4] https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar-mission/
[5] https://www.space.com/11337-human-spaceflight-records-50th-anniversary.html
[6] https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/night-sky/close-approach/
[7] Rocket Propulsion Elements
[8] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html
[9] https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B34291
[10] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-dawn-spacecraft-fires-past-record-for-speed-change
[11] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2020/the-propulsion-we-re-supplying-it-s-electrifying
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/game_changing_development/Nuclear_Thermal_Propulsion_Deep_Space_Exploration
[13] https://www.space.com/nuclear-thermal-space-propulsion-momentum-grows.html
[14] https://www.lanl.gov/science/NSS/issue1_2011/story5full.shtml & https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002954931830205X?casa_token=jqEo-O8eywQAAAAA:iTh9b5IBjrEhxVxbgH_M8xYY6HuuFEUoIXgQYCzfyZFguN6WkwPLUHR-bfRV9kN0tw22xSoU#b0160
[15] https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/SciTechBook/series1/Goebel cmprsd_opt.pdf
[16] https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/nuclear-propulsion-could-help-get-humans-to-mars-faster
[17] http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/nucphys/pile.html#:~:text=Here%20is%20another%20important%20part,is%20not%20always%20100%20degrees.
[18] https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10557409.pdf
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung Can Nuclear Propulsion Take Us to Mars?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MMLgJlJX0Rk/mqdefault.jpg)
