Uploaded April 2019 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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We play two-player games all day, every day, and our lives are a real-time exercise in game theory. We work out how to make the best move based not only on what we want the outcome to be, but also based on how we think the other player is going to act. Since they’re usually going through the same rough thought process -- sometimes consciously, sometimes subconsciously -- we’re embroiled in a constant series of games with all of us wanting to win.
Winning can be the best result for you or the best outcome given the circumstances, and players are implicitly sorting out their strategies in a recursive process that waffles between self-interest and cooperation. Whether we’re driving down the highway and trying to go as fast as we can without getting pulled over or just trying not to be weird with our crush, we’re playing a game… and it turns out that a little cooperation goes a long way.
*** SOURCES ***
Robert Axelrod, “The Evolution of Cooperation” amazon.com/Evolution-Cooperation-Revised-Robert-Axelrod/dp/0465005640
Prisoner’s Dilemma: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prisoner-dilemma/
*** LINKS ***
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Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber
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Twitter: twitter.com/kevinlieber
Podcast: youtube.com/thecreateunknown
Research And Writing by Matthew Tabor
twitter.com/matthewktabor
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youtube.com/channel/UCyi06SeKkiwoAzFVmQtDtfg
Camera by Jake Roper: youtube.com/vsauce3
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etsy.com/shop/Craftality
Get Vsauce's favorite science and math toys delivered to your door!
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#education #vsauce2
Check out Sean’s docuseries SPEED and over 2,000 other features and series with 30 days free using code vsauce2: CuriosityStream.com/Vsauce2
Huge thanks to CuriosityStream for supporting Vsauce2.
We play two-player games all day, every day, and our lives are a real-time exercise in game theory. We work out how to make the best move based not only on what we want the outcome to be, but also based on how we think the other player is going to act. Since they’re usually going through the same rough thought process -- sometimes consciously, sometimes subconsciously -- we’re embroiled in a constant series of games with all of us wanting to win.
Winning can be the best result for you or the best outcome given the circumstances, and players are implicitly sorting out their strategies in a recursive process that waffles between self-interest and cooperation. Whether we’re driving down the highway and trying to go as fast as we can without getting pulled over or just trying not to be weird with our crush, we’re playing a game… and it turns out that a little cooperation goes a long way.
*** SOURCES ***
Robert Axelrod, “The Evolution of Cooperation” amazon.com/Evolution-Cooperation-Revised-Robert-Axelrod/dp/0465005640
Prisoner’s Dilemma: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/prisoner-dilemma/
*** LINKS ***
Vsauce2 Links
Twitter: twitter.com/VsauceTwo
Facebook: facebook.com/VsauceTwo
Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber
Instagram: instagram.com/kevlieber
Twitter: twitter.com/kevinlieber
Podcast: youtube.com/thecreateunknown
Research And Writing by Matthew Tabor
twitter.com/matthewktabor
Editing by Aspect Science
youtube.com/channel/UCyi06SeKkiwoAzFVmQtDtfg
Camera by Jake Roper: youtube.com/vsauce3
Audio by Jack Merline
Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber
etsy.com/shop/Craftality
Get Vsauce's favorite science and math toys delivered to your door!
curiositybox.com
Select Music By Jake Chudnow: youtube.com/user/JakeChudnow
#education #vsauce2





![Making A Math Murderer
Just think of all the questions that arise when a seemingly-healthy baby dies. Was there an illness that went undetected? Was there a rare genetic defect that couldn’t possibly have been known? Are any signs of physical trauma related to the resuscitation efforts of a fragile infant, or something more sinister? Every time a baby dies, police investigate with a host of complex questions to determine whether the death is natural and accidental, or… not. And the odds are anything but clear.
So what do we do when it happens twice to the same person? What are the odds of THAT?
A British mother named Sally Clark suffered two separate tragedies with the deaths of her infant sons. Her resulting trial for murder included expert testimony from Sir Roy Meadow, a noted expert on child abuse cases. And Meadow’s misuse of conditional probability painted Sally Clark as perpetrator rather than a victim.
Math is often theoretical, but sometimes doing it right is the difference between life and death.
*** PARTIAL LIST OF SOURCES ***
Ben-Israel, Adi. “Using Statistical Evidence in Courts: What Went Wrong in the Case of Sally Clark?” http://ben-israel.rutgers.edu/711/Sally_Clark.pdf
Dyer, Clare. “Falsely Convicted Sally Clarke Dies Suddenly.” BMJ: British Medical Journal, vol. 334, no. 7594, BMJ, 2007, pp. 602–03, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20506708.
General Medical Council v. Meadow, England and Wales Court of Appeals (Civil Division), http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2006/1390.html
Nobles, Richard, and David Schiff. “A Story of Miscarriage: Law in the Media.” Journal of Law and Society, vol. 31, no. 2, [Cardiff University, Wiley], 2004, pp. 221–44, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1410525.
Scheurer, Vincent. “Convicted on Statistics?” http://understandinguncertainty.org/node/545
Schneps, L., & Colmez, C. (2013). Math on trial: How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom. https://www.amazon.com/Math-Trial-Numbers-Abused-Courtroom/dp/0465032923
Watkins SJ. Conviction by mathematical error? Doctors and lawyers should get probability theory right. BMJ. 2000;320(7226):2-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117305/
Webster, Richard. “Roy Meadow and the Statistics of Cot Deaths.” http://www.richardwebster.net/cotdeaths.html
*** LINKS ***
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Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber
Instagram: https://instagram.com/kevlieber
Twitter: https://twitter.com/kevinlieber
Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/thecreateunknown
Research and Writing by Matthew Tabor
https://twitter.com/TaborTCU
Editing by John Swan
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJuSltoYKrAUKnbYO5EMZ2A
Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber
https://www.etsy.com/shop/Craftality
Vsauces Curiosity Box: https://www.curiositybox.com/
#education #vsauce #crime Making A Math Murderer](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mLEWj-61a4I/mqdefault.jpg)




