Uploaded July 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 hours ago

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What happened at the cross? Sometimes the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement is criticised as novel. Here Glen Scrivener shows that the ancient church (both Eastern and Western) proclaimed Christ's death as a penal substitution. But crucially they proclaimed it in the context of three other doctrines which are vital. What are they? Watch to find out.

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