Uploaded March 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Today we're learning about both the geographic and biologic factors that influence life underground to see if we can get a better understanding of cave biogeography!
Find my EXTINCT BUTTERFLY POSTER here: store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-extinct-butterfly-art-print
Buy the MARS MAP here: store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-mars-surface-art-print
Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: go.nebula.tv/atlaspro
Support me on Patreon here:
Follow me on Twitter @theatlaspro
Sources / Further Reading:
anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24044
nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0513-8
touristlink.com/global/cat/caves/map.html#google_vignette
https://landlubbers.co.za/about-the-drakensberg/entry-points/cobham-wilderness-area/chameleon-cave/
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10040-020-02139-5
showcaves.com/english/other/region/aq.html
showcaves.com/english/explain/Maps/index.html
un-igrac.org/news/new-world-karst-aquifer-map-allow-better-global-quantification-karst-systems
environmental-geol.pressbooks.tru.ca/chapter/karst-landscapes-and-systems
environmental-geology-dev.pressbooks.tru.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/73/2021/07/Fig-5-scaled-1.jpg
pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1156/pdf/of2014-1156_hi-res-pdfs/of2014-1156_figure_1.pdf
biodiversitymapping.org/index.php/amphibians
d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31422221/2009_De_Waele_Env_Geol_58-libre.pdf?1392313062=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DEvaluating_disturbance_on_Mediterranean.pdf&Expires=1706976148&Signature=LK23l8AlL4eywOhZLfnOQl-FmVbxw6r29ROyi85nm~eUE8U~kjnhTl-2B1uYZRok8ENo6k~jsq0ETi0RVY-tlJSEIfS3lB3wnfyEoR8l7CnWoRn1D4JFXigELtq7HYr3Qa7khrTPf0QLBYzqxNNXJUNIBM6CGZ7BheX7dv6oAxsD8saeqrlcchlpFmd3atBK5tylXnOrfXDePObfI5AjtJCYypYd32jkLdsMCP4J70glbBeSEhTjzrjdSDye0D4VqSy-mj3TnVuRrIlwrHTf~k~sygTnWJGh00VCLuX76FXrY3eLdKFuUXQMulwbuNMav4pDWtvmA2BJYg0yMwBdPg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-the-study-area-a-Schematic-map-of-karst-areas-of-Sardinia-b-Location-map_fig1_258099249
semanticscholar.org/paper/DISTRIBUTION-MAP-OF-CAVES-AND-CAVE-ANIMALS-IN-THE-Culver-Hobbs/46d1ba7a8c1df10f008949eb662789bb77a20bd9
herpconbio.org/Volume_16/Issue_3/Niemiller_etal_2021.pdf
researchgate.net/figure/Mapa-del-karst-en-Mexico-Instituto-de-Geografia-2017-Nuevo-atlas-nacional-de-Mexico_fig1_352399492
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978012814124300025X
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-98852-8
researchgate.net/figure/The-boxed-areas-in-the-larger-map-of-Europe-A-show-the-geographic-locations-Expanded_fig1_236870648
hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=53
hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=104
gbra.org/news/2022/03/cascade-caverns-salamander
mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/grotto-salamander
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128141243001047
researchgate.net/profile/Matthew-Niemiller/publication/256692416_Conservation_Status_of_the_Georgia_Blind_Salamander_Eurycea_wallacei_from_the_Floridan_Aquifer_of_Florida_and_Georgia/links/00b7d5239d507041df000000/Conservation-Status-of-the-Georgia-Blind-Salamander-Eurycea-wallacei-from-the-Floridan-Aquifer-of-Florida-and-Georgia.pdf
speleobiology.com/niemiller/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/Niemiller_etal_2010c_40.pdf
whymap.org/whymap/EN/Maps_Data/Wokam/wokam_node_en.html
geoportal.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/geoportal/index.html?lang=en#/geoviewer?metadataId=3ec2f7e4-57af-4519-b93c-8ce2e5e33475
researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-the-study-area-To-the-right-Sardinia-its-karst-areas-blue-and-the-areas_fig2_254861696
projekte.cen.uni-hamburg.de/lithomap
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.10437
semanticscholar.org/paper/Conservation-status-of-the-Georgia-Blind-Salamander-Fenolio-Niemiller/1f9dbfa7ceb11d1ac56c2f929d5b1f28a580271f/figure/4
francoisbourgeot.com/site/_Nouveau_site/_jalbum_output/Amphibians%20and%20Reptiles/European%20Cave%20Salamanders/Speleomantes%20sarrabusensis/index.html#
https://www.astolinto.it/SchedeVA/GeotritoneB.php
nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21819-8
https://www.herpsafari.nl/trip-reports-eu/2020-7-sardinia/
brill.com/display/book/9789004285620/BP000008.xml
Today we're learning about both the geographic and biologic factors that influence life underground to see if we can get a better understanding of cave biogeography!
Find my EXTINCT BUTTERFLY POSTER here: store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-extinct-butterfly-art-print
Buy the MARS MAP here: store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-mars-surface-art-print
Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: go.nebula.tv/atlaspro
Support me on Patreon here:
Follow me on Twitter @theatlaspro
Sources / Further Reading:
anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24044
nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0513-8
touristlink.com/global/cat/caves/map.html#google_vignette
https://landlubbers.co.za/about-the-drakensberg/entry-points/cobham-wilderness-area/chameleon-cave/
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10040-020-02139-5
showcaves.com/english/other/region/aq.html
showcaves.com/english/explain/Maps/index.html
un-igrac.org/news/new-world-karst-aquifer-map-allow-better-global-quantification-karst-systems
environmental-geol.pressbooks.tru.ca/chapter/karst-landscapes-and-systems
environmental-geology-dev.pressbooks.tru.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/73/2021/07/Fig-5-scaled-1.jpg
pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1156/pdf/of2014-1156_hi-res-pdfs/of2014-1156_figure_1.pdf
biodiversitymapping.org/index.php/amphibians
d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31422221/2009_De_Waele_Env_Geol_58-libre.pdf?1392313062=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DEvaluating_disturbance_on_Mediterranean.pdf&Expires=1706976148&Signature=LK23l8AlL4eywOhZLfnOQl-FmVbxw6r29ROyi85nm~eUE8U~kjnhTl-2B1uYZRok8ENo6k~jsq0ETi0RVY-tlJSEIfS3lB3wnfyEoR8l7CnWoRn1D4JFXigELtq7HYr3Qa7khrTPf0QLBYzqxNNXJUNIBM6CGZ7BheX7dv6oAxsD8saeqrlcchlpFmd3atBK5tylXnOrfXDePObfI5AjtJCYypYd32jkLdsMCP4J70glbBeSEhTjzrjdSDye0D4VqSy-mj3TnVuRrIlwrHTf~k~sygTnWJGh00VCLuX76FXrY3eLdKFuUXQMulwbuNMav4pDWtvmA2BJYg0yMwBdPg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-the-study-area-a-Schematic-map-of-karst-areas-of-Sardinia-b-Location-map_fig1_258099249
semanticscholar.org/paper/DISTRIBUTION-MAP-OF-CAVES-AND-CAVE-ANIMALS-IN-THE-Culver-Hobbs/46d1ba7a8c1df10f008949eb662789bb77a20bd9
herpconbio.org/Volume_16/Issue_3/Niemiller_etal_2021.pdf
researchgate.net/figure/Mapa-del-karst-en-Mexico-Instituto-de-Geografia-2017-Nuevo-atlas-nacional-de-Mexico_fig1_352399492
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978012814124300025X
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-98852-8
researchgate.net/figure/The-boxed-areas-in-the-larger-map-of-Europe-A-show-the-geographic-locations-Expanded_fig1_236870648
hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=53
hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=104
gbra.org/news/2022/03/cascade-caverns-salamander
mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/grotto-salamander
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128141243001047
researchgate.net/profile/Matthew-Niemiller/publication/256692416_Conservation_Status_of_the_Georgia_Blind_Salamander_Eurycea_wallacei_from_the_Floridan_Aquifer_of_Florida_and_Georgia/links/00b7d5239d507041df000000/Conservation-Status-of-the-Georgia-Blind-Salamander-Eurycea-wallacei-from-the-Floridan-Aquifer-of-Florida-and-Georgia.pdf
speleobiology.com/niemiller/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/Niemiller_etal_2010c_40.pdf
whymap.org/whymap/EN/Maps_Data/Wokam/wokam_node_en.html
geoportal.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/geoportal/index.html?lang=en#/geoviewer?metadataId=3ec2f7e4-57af-4519-b93c-8ce2e5e33475
researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-the-study-area-To-the-right-Sardinia-its-karst-areas-blue-and-the-areas_fig2_254861696
projekte.cen.uni-hamburg.de/lithomap
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.10437
semanticscholar.org/paper/Conservation-status-of-the-Georgia-Blind-Salamander-Fenolio-Niemiller/1f9dbfa7ceb11d1ac56c2f929d5b1f28a580271f/figure/4
francoisbourgeot.com/site/_Nouveau_site/_jalbum_output/Amphibians%20and%20Reptiles/European%20Cave%20Salamanders/Speleomantes%20sarrabusensis/index.html#
https://www.astolinto.it/SchedeVA/GeotritoneB.php
nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21819-8
https://www.herpsafari.nl/trip-reports-eu/2020-7-sardinia/
brill.com/display/book/9789004285620/BP000008.xml








![Even MORE Islands That Arent Islands
Today we take another look at isolated environments to learn how islands can arise even when surrounded by vast seas of desert!
Find my EXTINCT BUTTERFLY POSTER here: https://store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-extinct-butterfly-art-print
Buy the MARS MAP here: https://store.nebula.tv/products/atlas-pro-mars-surface-art-print
Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/atlaspro
Sources / Further Reading:
Sierra de la Laguna
https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/sierra-de-la-laguna-pine-oak-forests/
https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/lac/sierra-la-laguna
https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0227
https://tosea.net/the-sierra-de-la-laguna-biosphere-reserve-bajas-island-in-the-sky/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41424739
https://bashanfoundation.org/contributions/Ortega-A/ortegaoakpine.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mbi-Honey-Escandon/publication/230709948_Phylogeographic_patterns_of_differentiation_in_the_Acorn_Woodpecker/links/563273e608ae242468d9f817/Phylogeographic-patterns-of-differentiation-in-the-Acorn-Woodpecker.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cape-Region-vegetation-community-type-The-Sierra-La-Laguna-Biosphere-Reserve-SLLBR_fig1_342638855
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Distribution-of-forest-types-in-the-Sierra-de-la-Laguna-Biosphere-Reserve-in-the-southern_fig1_237151825
https://amphibian-reptile-conservation.org/pdfs/Volume/Vol_17_nos_1-2/ARC_17_1-2_[General_Section]_57-142_e326_high_res.pdf
https://lacgeo.com/sierra-laguna-biosphere-reserve
https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/sierra-de-la-laguna-dry-forests/
McMurdo Valleys
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JG005153
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-013-0296-y
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/3/3/466
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/abs/lithic-microbial-ecosystems-of-antarcticas-mcmurdo-dry-valleys/0EFA8DDEF1D10D6A0B3C87BD2537E31F
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diatom-species-confirmed-from-the-McMurdo-Dry-Valleys-authorship-and-year-and_tbl1_237448827
https://ictar.aq/dry-valleys-biology/
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/10/506
https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/biogeography-and-genetic-diversity-terrestrial-mites-ross-sea-region-antarctica
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a162/8af6425c20e37b20d0137317c64b8c689b38.pdf
https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02723.x
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/12/450
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/10/506
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/606
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12490
https://communities.springernature.com/posts/when-were-the-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-of-antarctica-last-wet
https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/8cb497c6-7f74-4e4a-b048-8e9fa23695fe/content
https://glaciers.pdx.edu/fountain/MyPapers/FountainEtAl2014_LandscapeAtRisk_DryValleysAntarctica.pdf
https://journalofbiogeographynews.org/2021/06/30/history-and-genetic-diversity-of-the-most-common-antarctic-lichens/
https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/8cb497c6-7f74-4e4a-b048-8e9fa23695fe/content
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jbi.14101
https://asm2015.lternet.edu/content/taxonomic-and-ecological-diversity-mcmurdo-dry-valley-tardigrades/index.html
https://www.polartrec.com/expeditions/tough-tardigrades/journals/2017-01-09
https://www.sci.muni.cz/CPR/LP222012/LP-2_2-6.htm
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266651582200018X#:~:text=There%20are%2012%20species%20of,et%20al.%2C%202017).
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Breeding-distribution-of-brown-Stercorarius-lonnbergi-and-south-polar-skuas-S_fig1_284067959
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/McMurdo-Dry-Valleys-Antarctica-Labeled-areas-represent-study-locations-and-major_fig2_264038744
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-017-2127-y
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Ent-Mitt-Zool-Mus-Hamburg_10_0043-0056.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048765/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Distribution-of-springtail-species-shown-as-coloured-dots-with-ellipses-indicating_fig1_369438305
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Onyx-river-flowing-westward-between-the-Asgaard-and-Olympus-Ranges-from-the_fig2_276158257
https://environments.aq/publications/diversity-of-antarctic-lakes-ponds-and-streams/
SEE PINNED COMMENT FOR SOURCES BEHIND THE DHOFAR MOUNTAINS Even MORE Islands That Arent Islands](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u-Qn1ThNv9o/mqdefault.jpg)

