Kathy Loves Physics & History
Spectroscopy Transformed Astronomy, Chemistry & Physics
updated
"I am no poet..." is from Faraday (1858) Jones The Life and Letters of Faraday (2010) p. 398
"Deep veneration of Mrs. Marcet" is from the same source page 394.
archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153548/page/n409/mode/2up?
"Prelude to Power Micheal Faraday Celebration" is wonderful and simple: youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I?si=ATi6VUX0rlVCW7bW
"Faraday's Chemical History of the Candle" is also great:
youtu.be/RrHnLXMTOWM?si=mZimblt6Q-c0a-hP
"Electrodynamic Waves by Sir Lawrence Bragg" is fantastic too:
youtu.be/Vwjcn4Vl2iw?si=uEhHga4ZJRwZ5jU-
My video deriving Maxwell's equations (I am very proud of this one):
"Maxwell's Equations Explained" youtu.be/aFYKKSoXC5Y?si=TVbItWG3BY1pRjZR
LINKS for Kathy:
Website: bit.ly/GoKathyLovesPhysics
The Lightning Tamers book: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Go Fund Me (for Audio book): bit.ly/DonateforAudiobook
Patreon: bit.ly/KathyLovesPhysicsPatreon
Feynman's Lecture on the Poynting Vector:
Audio: https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/flptapes.html S27 "Field Energy and Momentum"
Textbook: https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_27.html
"Joking" about Education: youtu.be/iMDTcMD6pOw?si=3Uc8ewW-OpmR8X_7
Videos Used In this Video:
Veritasium "Big Misconception" youtu.be/bHIhgxav9LY?si=qii1peYT8bMG-cHp
Veritasium "How Electricity Works" youtu.be/oI_X2cMHNe0?si=mxHSCeDnW2fjlRvB
Veritasium and Electroboom youtu.be/O-WCZ8PkrK0?si=jEROpo8sWzFncH4r
Kathy Loves Physics "FM Radio" youtu.be/g1RiAmB1J5k?si=GpefDQDc4epf_vBf
Sir Lawrence Bragg on Faraday youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I?si=2h_mNJoCV5OlfTFU
Discussion of TVs with EEVblog: youtu.be/J0CYAgY9KxI?si=epEAKctv2AlWkYFC
Kathy Loves Physics: "Maxwell's Equations" youtu.be/aFYKKSoXC5Y?si=ybVjC7qMOXrx_Quh
LINKS for Kathy:
Website: bit.ly/GoKathyLovesPhysics
The Lightning Tamers book: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
YouTube Channel: bit.ly/HistoryofPhysics
Go Fund Me (for Audio book): bit.ly/DonateforAudiobook
Patreon: bit.ly/KathyLovesPhysicsPatreon
Here is a link to our first conversation a year ago:
youtu.be/4EcQYK_no5M?si=vYL7-S9E2kawMWa4
Forum: eevblog.com/forum/blog
00:00 - Kathy Loves Physics
02:45 - Philo Farnsworth, the farm boy who invented television.
10:00 - Professor Julius Plucker & Heinrich Rühmkorf
11:13 - Heinrich Geissler and Geissler tubes
14:28 - Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
16:15 - William Crookes and the Crookes Radiometer
20:00 - Heinrich Hertz
25:00 - Scintillating Scotoma
27:00 - Philipp Lenard
31:25 - Wilhelm Rontgen
38:45 - Mihajlo Pupin
44:00 - Francis Perrin
49:10 - Henri Becquerel
55:39 - Curie Piezoelectric Quartz Balance Electrometer
1:07:46 - Philco & Bob Pease
1:08:44 - Vladimir Zworykin
1:15:12 - Free Energy & Debunking
If you find Dave's videos useful you may consider supporting the EEVblog on Patreon: / eevblog
Or with crypto:
BTC: 33BsprBQNBtHuVzVwDmqWkpDjYnCouwASM
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Web Site: http://www.eevblog.com
Other channels:
EEVblog2:
T-Shirts: http://teespring.com/stores/eevblog
#ElectronicsCreators
LINKS for Kathy:
Website: bit.ly/GoKathyLovesPhysics
The Lightning Tamers book: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
YouTube Channel: bit.ly/HistoryofPhysics
Go Fund Me (for Audio book): bit.ly/DonateforAudiobook
Patreon: bit.ly/KathyLovesPhysicsPatreon
By the way, the part of the video with the popcorn is from "Real Genius" and the song "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" is about climate change.
I hope you enjoy this little video as much as I did in making it.
Cheers,
Kathy Loves Physics
ps. I didn't add commercials so I can use clips without reference. Also, originally, I complained about Richard Feynmann, but I realized it came off as mean, so that is why so many people are talking about him in the comments.
My website: http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Link to script:
kathylovesphysics.com/the-shocking-history-physics-of-electric-transformers
My book "The Lightning Tamers" on Amazon: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofund.me/87e9391a
Links:
0:45 "Fasten your seatbelt" is from the amazing must-see movie "All about Eve"
youtu.be/LPPJdOGshUM
2:19 Movie of Faraday discovering electro-magnetic induction is from the fantastic video
Prelude to Power." youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
11:08 Ruhmkorff coil demonstrations (beautiful)
youtu.be/btpFGpmAV0s
20:27 "The Simpson's" (We obey the laws of thermodynamics..."
youtu.be/gOMibx876A4
22:30 "How Transformers Work" youtu.be/UchitHGF4n8
0:00 Intro
1:05 DC Transformers
13:30 AC Transformers
27:36 Transformers & War of Currents
34:21Tesla's Influence
49:18 Conclusion
My website: http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
My book "The Lightning Tamers" on Amazon: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofund.me/87e9391a
Veritasium's Videos:
"Big Misconception about Electricity" youtu.be/bHIhgxav9LY
"How Electricity Actually Works" youtu.be/oI_X2cMHNe0
Electroboom
"How Right is Veritasium?" youtu.be/O-WCZ8PkrK0
GREAT Faraday Video:
"Prelude to Power" youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
Schmigadoon
"Talk to Daddy" youtu.be/YRLrB6i3hLY
Broadway by Ghostlight's review of Episode 1 Season 2 where they talk about "imperfect rhymes" youtu.be/YDd_Hmkvozo
Transformers Video: youtu.be/UchitHGF4n8
0:00 Why 12 Videos?
0:29 Part 1: Veritasium
3:51 Transformers - Part 1
6:41 AC Current - Part 1
7:35 DC Current - Part 1
8:45 & Physics Song - Part 1
10:20 Part 2: Maxwell's Revisited
10:36 Maxwell's Mistake - Part 2
12:10 Maxwell's Great Idea - Part 2
12:49 Heaviside's Influence - Part 2
14:47 & History of SI Units - Part 2
15:51 Part 3: E=mc^2 - Part 3
16:01 Lorentz's Relativity - Part 3
17:16 E=mc^2 - Part 3
17:47 Meaning of E=mc^2 - Part 3
19:47 Why Relativity is Controversial
20:15 Other Plans
My website: http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
My book "The Lightning Tamers" on Amazon: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
The How to ADHD lady aka Jessica McCabe: youtube.com/@HowtoADHD
Schmigadoon Trailer: youtu.be/-gEvxsfB5YI
If you love Schmigadoon, check out Broadway by Ghostlight’s reviews and Easter egg videos!: youtube.com/@broadwaybyghostlight
(Note, Part 3 was supposed to be "how I got on YouTube" but I dropped it and forgot to change the names of the parts)
0:00 Introduction
1:22 Undiagnosed ADHD in Childhood
7:36 Undiagnosed ADHD in Adulthood
13:06 What I Learned From Going Viral
24:35 Extra: Why I Love YouTube
36:06 Extra: Thoughts on ADHD and Self-Worth
- a German man named Matthais Bose who made electricity fashionable with electric kisses and bad poetry
- a Frenchman named Abbe Nollet who used electricity to move up in the cutthroat world of Versailles in France
- Nollet's American rival Benjamin Franklin (yes, that Franklin) who stole his thunder and
- an Italian genius named Laura Bassi whose work ended up accidentally leading to the electric battery!
If you want to see it live the talk on Sunday April 2, 2023 at 4 pm at 2266 California Street (California street and Webster) kathylovesphysics.eventbrite.com
Link to talk on April 2: https://KathyLovesPhysics.eventbrite.com
My website: http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
My book "The Lightning Tamers" on Amazon: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
0:00 Introduction
1:37 Part 1: Tait & Maxwell (1846-1856)
7:25 Part 2: Tait, Hamilton & Quaternions (1854-1867)
17:04 Part 3: Maxwell, His Equations & Quaternions (1856-1879)
25:00 Part 4: Gibbs (1873-1884)
29:18 Part 5: Heaviside (1873-1887)
34:26 Part 6: Hertz changes the game (1887-1890)
38:17 Part 7: War of the Vectors begins (1890-1894)
43:38 Part 8: Tait Loses the War (1894-1901)
51:00 Conclusion
Purchase tickets here:
eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-fascinating-influential-electric-wizards-of-the-enlightenment-tickets-546490847837?aff=escb&utm-source=cp&utm-term=listing&utm-campaign=social&utm-medium=discovery&utm-content=attendeeshare
My website: http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
My book "The Lightning Tamers" on Amazon: amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
Anne van Weerden's Website:
https://annevanweerden.nl/Entrance.html
"A Victorian Marriage"
https://annevanweerden.nl/VictorianMarriage.html#Publications
Full song of "William Rowan Hamilton": youtu.be/SZXHoWwBcDc
Cover art uses (with permission) the amazing sand sculpture by Daniel Doyle.
I highly recommend glancing at his blog about it, just beautiful!
steemit.com/art/@ammonite/i-j-k-ijk-1-sand-sculpture
0:00 Why I made this video
2:08 Hamilton's Career (History)
6:46 Couple/Couplet Theory (Math)
10:28 Hamilton's Personal Life (History)
15:34 Quaternions (Math)
31:55 Hamilton's Legacy (History)
39:20 What's Next
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Learn more about Maxwell's Equations: youtu.be/aFYKKSoXC5Y
Link to letter which references "British Ass": See Maxwell to Peter Tait (Aug 27, 1874) The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell: Vol 3 (1990) p. 99 google.com/books/edition/The_Scientific_Letters_and_Papers_of_Jam/JbNK9lRLHPEC?hl=en&gbpv=0
Link to poem: (Aug 10, 1871) Nature Magazine vol. 4 p. 291 google.com/books/edition/Nature/IogCAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
A link to my long form video about the history of electricity:
youtu.be/kSyGFEjoYOM
order my book "The Lightning Tamers" from Amazon:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
A link to the article:
Chauncey McGovern “The New Wizard of the West” Pearson’s Magazine vol 1-2 (May 1899) p. 292 google.com/books/edition/Pearson_s_Magazine/Xj8lAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
order my book "The Lightning Tamers" from Amazon:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
To read the script (with citations that link to original documents)
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
Some video links:
"Edison Electrocutes an Elephant" (1903)
(Note: I edited the video so you don't have to see the elephant dying, but in the actual video you can see the smoke and it is disturbing) youtu.be/YiQv9DCjk3g
"Nikola Tesla: Master of Lightning" PBS Director: Robert Uth (2000)
youtube.com/watch?v=YeXkBT0QAnQ
0:00 Comparing Edison Awards (1912 and 1916)
3:34 How it all Started (1867-1887)
7:12 Edison vs. Westinghouse (1888)
9:53 The Failed AC Motor (1888-1890)
14:22 Electric Death (1889-1890)
16:54 The Resurgence of Tesla's Polyphase (1891-1896)
26:52 Tesla Destroys His Reputation (1896-1904)
34:14 Westinghouse vs. JP Morgan (1904-1914)
38:39 Tesla's Reputation Starts to Rebound (1914-1919)
43:15 Edison's Reputation Rebounds (1903-1931)
45:36 Tesla Changes the Story (1929-1943)
50:47 The Myth is Born (1960-Today)
1:02:11 Tesla as Electrical Wizard Not Engineer
If you want to know more, order my book "The Lightning Tamers" from Amazon:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Or check out the full video: youtu.be/my-velYXc6M
If you want to know more, order my book "The Lightning Tamers" from Amazon:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Or check out the full video: youtu.be/R06CWszYTfw
order my book "The Lightning Tamers" from Amazon:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
To read the script (with citations)
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
AudioBook Go Fund Me: gofundme.com/f/donate-to-help-me-make-an-audiobook?utm_campaign=p_lico+share-sheet&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=customer
Some video links:
"The Contract, From Tesla" by PBS youtube.com/watch?v=NLgbICTSMAk
Westinghouse's Air Brake Workers: youtu.be/98eaQR27HqQ
"Documentary on Westinghouse, Chapter 21" youtu.be/quveOxbcGFE
0:00 Telsa Didn't Rip Up a Contract
5:02 How Westinghouse Became an Industrialist
8:03 Natural Gas in the Back Yard
11:12 Westinghouse and the Transformer
16:00 Westinghouse and AC Transmission
18:41 Edison Hears about Westinghouse
To read the script (with citations) and download the pdf of first 3 chapters of "Lightning Tamers" please visit:
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
order my book:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
A few extra links:
Woman in Faraday Cage (very good BTW): youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
Lenz's Law: youtu.be/2_M83gNOOEg
Clip from "The Simpsons" Season 6, episode 21 (1995) youtube.com/watch?v=gOMibx876A4
Sand Castle of William Rowan Hamilton and Helen Hamilton carving quaternions on a bridge by Daniel Doyle 2002. Used with permission. Check it out!
peakd.com/hive-156509/@ammonite/i-j-k-ijk-1-sand-sculpture-qizgqt
0:00 Introduction
0:38 Vectors & Vector Multiplication
5:02 Del, Divergence and Gauss's Laws
13:25 Maxwell's Equations with Curl
25:35 Maxwell's Equations and Magnets
27:14 Maxwell's Equations and Light
You can download the first three chapters (100 pages+) on my website http:/www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Pre-order my book:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
To read the script (with citations) and download the pdf of first 3 chapters of "Lightning Tamers" please visit:
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Pre-order my book:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
A few extra links:
Woman in Faraday Cage (very good BTW): youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
Feynman Lectures: https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/
0:00 Feynman Lectures
3:30 Coulomb (1784-86)
7:15 Faraday (1837)
15:44 Maxwell's "On Faraday's Lines of Force" (1855-6)
23:42 Maxwell's "On Physical Lines of Force" (1861-2)
30:00 Maxwell's "electric elasticity" (1864) vs. Heaviside's permittivity (1880s)
To read the script (with citations) and download the pdf of first 3 chapters of "Lightning Tamers" please visit:
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Pre-order my book:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Some Links for Videos:
Gold Leaf Electroscope (Wikipedia): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroscope
Woman in Faraday Cage (very good BTW): youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
Lightning on Airplane: youtu.be/m37z5R2rJ5E
0:00 Simple At-Home Faraday Cage Experiment
2:04 History of Induction and Conduction
6:11 Benjamin Franklin to Coulomb to Faraday
7:58 The Gold-Leaf Electrometer
10:10 Faraday’s 1843 Ice Pail Experiment EXPLAINED
14:40 Faraday Cage vs. Static Electric Fields
16:36 From Faraday to Maxwell to Heaviside to Hertz
20:09 How a Faraday Cage Protects against Radio
23:11 Faraday Cages for Microwaves and High Frequency
24:48 Next Time on "The Lightning Tamers"
Link to preorder:
👉 amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Link to website (to download first 3 chapters and read scripts):
👉 bit.ly/TheLightningTamers
Link to go fund me:
👉 bit.ly/DonateforAudiobook
Link to Patreon:
👉 bit.ly/KathyLovesPhysicsPatreon
0:00 Why I started writing "The Lightning Tamers"
1:48 What I learned writing "The Lightning Tamers"
2:30 "The Lightning Tamers" & YouTube are linked
5:02 Unboxing "The Lightning Tamers"
To read the script (with citations) and download the pdf of "Lightning Tamers" please visit:
http://www.KathyLovesPhysics.com
Pre-order my book:
amzn.to/3I7N4mq
Time Stamps
0:00 Why I made this video
2:41 How Faraday Discovered Magneto-Electric Induction
5:33 The First Description of Magnetic Fields
8:57 How Faraday Discovered the Faraday Cage
9:50 The First Description of Electric Fields & Dielectrics
14:34 Short History of Polarization up to 1824
16:37 Faraday experimentally discovers the relation between light & EM
17:48 Light as an EM Wave
21:45 Overview of Faraday's Accomplishments
23:05 Maxwell's Equations
25:59 NEWS about "The Lightning Tamers"
Video on Faraday's 1831 experiment (very good BTW):
youtu.be/mxwVIOHEG4I
The demonstration of the polarizing sunglasses is from:
youtube.com/shorts/1W1CQV08b7g?feature=share
Kathy will delve into the intersection of geology, theology, physics, and radioactivity in this fascinating story of how we learned how to measure the age of the Earth.
Join my newsletter:
👉 bit.ly/KathyLovesPhysics
My Website
👉 kathylovesphysics.com
The Lightning Tamers
👉 bit.ly/TheLightningTamers
Support My Work
👉 Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
Alexis Dahl Instagram:
👉 instagram.com/alexis.writes
Alexis Dahl Youtube Channels:
👉 youtube.com/c/AlexisDahl
#ErnestRutherford #kathylovesphysics #alexisdahl
Links:
Check out my website: www.kathylovesphysics.com
My mailing list: https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The video of the stage show at the spark museum was taken by me aside from the Tesla coil with the birdcage which is found at:
youtu.be/1Z5cxt14FIU
The clip of the movie is edited for time but can be found:
youtube.com/watch?v=gS56O-aHEMs
The lightning hitting airplanes is from:
youtu.be/m37z5R2rJ5E
The intro song is sung by the fabulous Kim Nalley kimnalley.com
My website: www.kathylovesphysics.com
Spark Website: sparkmuseum.org
Jeff Parisse's Website: jeffparisse.com
Jeff Behary Website: http://www.electrotherapymuseum.com
Some links not from the above websites:
"Electricity, Electricity" sung by Kim Nalley: www.kimnalley.com
Jeff Behary interview: youtu.be/Yca53qG1HwA
John Jenkins about the Cooke-Wheatstone telegraph: youtube.com/shorts/YKSCqtKZOwg
TV show about Spark Museum: youtu.be/bK7fTTTEXF4
For the script:
My mailing list: https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page: patreon.com/user?u=15291200
Jeff Parisse's video on our Spark Museum trip: youtube.com/watch?v=Xe0lh9q2ZMs
My top 2 favorite Steinmetz biographies:
John Hammond "Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography" (1924)
Ronald Kline "Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist" (1992)
I also highly recommend this list of Steinmetz's photos (New York Heritage Steinmetz Digital Collection): nyheritage.org/organizations/steinmetz-digital-collection-schenectady
Links to videos used:
Edison Tech Movie about GE research labs: youtube.com/watch?v=bY3eGA1nscI
Union College Movie: youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY
1922 Radio address by Steinmetz: nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/269/rec/1
miSci newsreel of Edison's 1922 visit to Schenectady "Thomas Edison in Schenectady": youtube.com/watch?v=EbDEGa49NCM
miSci Film from 1976 where an actor pretends to be Edison to talk about Steinmetz "The Beginning of GE": youtube.com/watch?v=t-4Ud62jTCY
Kolin Hagar's radio interview from 1972 where he tells the Steinmetz/Ford story: edisontechcenter.org/CharlesProteusSteinmetz.html
Film of Steinmetz's restored 1914 electric car (Shared by Union College and the Edison Tech Center): youtube.com/watch?v=CARyUfkiBY8
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
Union College "Phasors" Movie:
youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY
List of Steinmetz's photos (New York Heritage Steinmetz Digital Collection):
nyheritage.org/organizations/steinmetz-digital-collection-schenectady
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
The Arago's disc demonstration is from: youtu.be/vghaAcoVaAU
Links:
My mailing list (with a link for a video on the history of 2 phase)
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Citations:
Alfred, R “Aug 14, 1888: I Sing the Meter Electric” Wired Magazine (Aug 14, 2008)
Thompson, S Polyphase Electric Currents and Alternate-current Motors (1900) p. 444
“Mr. Nikola Tesla on Alternating Current Motors” The Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review vol. xxiv (June 7, 1889) p. 648
Carlson, W Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age (2013) p.113
Tesla, N “Tesla’s Tribute to Westinghouse,” The Age of Steel LXXXVIII, no. 10 (September 1900), 9.
William Stanley “The Induction Motor” Engineering News (Oct 2, 1902) vol. XLVIII No. 14 p. 279
Frank Sprague to Sprague Executive Board (leaked to Edison) (April 29, 1890) Edison Papers Digital Edition [X120CBN]
Jonnes, J Empires of Light (2003) p. 223
Leupp, F George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements (1919) p. 159
Skrabec, Q George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius (2007) p. 130
“Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrowolsky (1862-1919)” [in Russian] Vavilov, S People of Russian Science: Essays on Outstanding Figures of Natural Science [Люди русской науки: Очерки о выдающихся деятелях есте- ствознания и техники] (1948)
Dolivo-Dobrowosky, M "Transmission of power by rotary-phase alternate currents", Electrical Engineer (London), vol. 7, p 369, (April 10, 1891)
“The invention of the electric motor 1856-1893” Elektrotechnisches Institut (ETI) https://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1390.php
Thompson, S Polyphase Electric Currents (1900) p. 173
Thompson, S Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism, (1894) p. 507
Ushakov, V “Electrical Power Engineering” (2017) p. 16
Allerhand, A “The Earliest Years of Three-Phase Power” Proceedings of the IEEE vol. 108 (Jan, 2020) p. 215-6
Herausgegben vom Vorstand der Ausstellung Offizieller Bericht über die Internationale elektrotechnische Ausstellung in Frankfurt am Main, 1891 (1894) p. 324
Lightning: Volume 1 (April 28, 1892) p. 509
“The Transmission of Power at Frankfort” The Electrical Engineer (Sept 18, 1891) p. 286
Brown, C “Reasons for the Use of the Three-Phase Current in the Lauffen-Frankfort Transmission” The Electrical World (Nov 7, 1891) vol. XVIII No. 19 p. 345
Nikola Tesla patent US 382,280 “Electrical Transmission of Power” (May 1, 1888)
“Mr. Tesla’s Experiments” (April 6, 1892) Electrical Engineer vol 13-14, p. 350
Lamme, B “The Story of the Induction Motor” (March 1921) Electrical Engineering (New York) vol. XL p. 205
Tesla’s patent was co-owned by supporters Alfred Brown and Charles Peck, according to Carlson, B Tesla: Inventor of the Electric Age p. 130 “Since they had shrewdly handled the business negotiations and assumed all of the financial risk in developing the motors, Tesla gave Peck and Brown five-ninths of the proceeds from the deal while retaining four-ninths for himself”
Lamme, B Benjamin Garver Lamme, Electrical Engineer, An Autobiography (1926) p. 61
Lamme, B “The Story of the Induction Motor” (March 1921) Electrical Engineering (New York) vol. XL p. 212
Davis, L Fleet Fire: Thomas Edison and the Pioneers of the Electrical Revolution (2012)
“Westinghouse paid Tesla $216,600” “Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Westinghouse Electric” Electricity (June 30, 1897) p. 387
Gordenker, A “Japan’s incompatible power grids” Japan Times vol. 19 (July, 2011) p. 9
Dolivo-Dobrowolsky “Transmission of Power by Rotary-Phase Alternative Currents” The Electrical Engineer (April 3, 1891) p. 336
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Some References:
Reynolds, O Memoir of James Prescott Joule (1892) p. 25-6
Cardwell, D James Joule (1989) p. 30
Sturgeon, W “Prospectus” The Annals of Electricity, vol. 1 (1836) p. ii
Sturgeon, W “Description of an Electro-magnetic Engine” The Annals of Electricity, vol. 1 (October, 1836) p. 78
Joule, J “Description of an electro-magnetic engine“ (Jan, 1838) Annals of Electricity, vol. 2 p. 122
Joule, J “Investigations in Magnetism and Electro-magnetism” (May 1839) Annals of Electricity, vol. 4 p. 131, 135
Joule, J “On the Heat Evolved by Metallic Conductors of Electricity” (Aug 1841) The Scientific Papers of James Prescott Joule Vol. 1 (1884) p. 61, 65
Joule, J “On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity” (Aug 1843) The Scientific Papers of James Prescott Joule Vol. 1 (1884) p. 157
William Thomson to J.T. Bottomley in 1882 found in Reynolds, O Memoir of James Prescott Joule (1892) p. 108
Thomson, W “On an Absolute Thermometric Scale…” (June 5, 1848) Proceedings – Cambridge Philosophical Society vol. 1 & 2 p. 68
Clausius, R “On the Moving Force of Heat..” (Translated in English July, 1851) The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine Vol. 2 (1851) p. 2 & 4
Clausius, R “First Memoir” (1850) The Mechanical Theory of Heat (1867) p. 17
“Report of the Committee” Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1867) p. 474
Siemens, C Report of the Fifty-Second Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1883)
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Solving the Wheatstone Bridge with voltages and voltmeters:
youtu.be/-G-dySnSSG4
Solving the Wheatstone Bridge for equivalent resistance:
youtube.com/watch?v=SOBomZJg8Mc
References:
“great difficulty in adopting” Christie, S “The Bakerian Lecture” (Feb 28, 1833) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol. 123 (1833) p. 95
“the intensity of the current” Christie, S “The Bakerian Lecture” (Feb 28, 1833) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol. 123 (1833) p. 98
“nearly 288,000 miles” Wheatstone, C “An account of some experiments to measure the velocity of electricity” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London vol 3 (Dec 1837) p. 300
“elected as a member of the prestigious Royal Society of London” Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 3 (Dec 1837) p. 366
“imagine my dismay..” Letter XIV: William Cooke to his mother (Feb 27, 1837) Extracts (1895) p. 19
“the velocity of lightning” ibid
“the glory of Wheatstone’s name…” Clark, L “Memoir of Sir William Fothergill Cooke” (1879) found in Extracts (1895) p. 72
“I found that Mr. Wheatstone…” Cooke quoted in Extracts (1895) p. 890
Jacobi, M “On the application of Electro-magnetism to the moving of Machines” (April 1835) The Annals of Electricity, Magnetism, and Chemistry (Oct 1837) p. 422
“Jacobi’s motor remained the world’s most powerful electric motor..” According to “Jacobi’s Motor” from the Electrotechnisches Institut https://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1382.php
“founded on exactly the same principles…” Jacobi, M “On the Principles of Electro-Magnetical Machines” (1840) 10th Meeting of the British Association (1841) p. 21
“has shown me, in his unpublished papers…” Jacobi, M “On the Principles of Electro-Magnetical Machines” (1840) 10th Meeting of the British Association (1841) p. 21
“to determine the practicability…” Wheatstone, C “An Account of Several New Instruments…” Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 133 p. 303
“differential resistance measurer” Wheatstone, C “An Account of Several New Instruments…” Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 133 p. 323-4
“differs in mechanical construction…” ibid
“not yet generally understood and admitted” Wheatstone, C “An Account of Several New Instruments…” Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 133 p. 303
“one of the first…to appreciate the importance of Ohm’s” “Obituary Notices: Charles Wheatstone” Proceedings of the Royal
Society vol. 24 (1876) p.xxiv
“Mr. Christie… has described…” Wheatstone, C “An Account of Several New Instruments…” Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 133 p. 325
“kwaker” according to Stubley, P Calendar of Crime (2014)
“Electric Telegraph Company… quit” Cooke, W The Electric Telegraph: Was it Invented by Professor Wheatstone? (1854) p. 44-8
“Wheatstone’s bridge” Siemens, W “Proposal for a new reproducible Standard Measure of Resistance” (1860) translated and found in The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine Forth Series (Jan, 1861) p. 31
“the beautiful arrangement first invented…” Thomson, W “On the Measurement of Electric Resistance” (June 6, 1861) Proceedings of the Royal Society vol. 11 (1862) p. 313
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The video about Faraday where I mention Wheatstone's fear of public speaking:
youtu.be/xecZeMQ2zQ8
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Karl Christian von Langsdorf to Johann Ohm (1804) found in “Obituary notices of deceased Fellows: George Simon Ohm” Proceedings of Royal Society of London (Jan 1, 1856) vol. 7 p. 599
According to Jungnickel, C and McCormmach, R Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 1 (1990) p. 52
Ohm, G “Ueber Elektricitätsleiter” Journal für Chemie und Physik (herausgegeben von Dr. Schweigger u Dr. Meinecke) vol 44 (1825) p. 12
Poggendorf letter to the editor quoted in Schagrin, M “Resistance to Ohm’s Law” (Feb 4, 1963) American Journal of Physics vo. 31 No. 7 p. 542
Schagrin, M “Resistance to Ohm’s Law” (Feb 4, 1963) American Journal of Physics vo. 31 No. 7 p. 545
Ohm, G “Bestimmung des Gesetzes…” Journal für Chemie und Physik vol. 46 (1826) p. 25 translated and found in Schagrin, M “Resistance to Ohm’s Law” (Feb 4, 1963) American Journal of Physics vo. 31 No. 7 p. 543
Georg Ohm in 1826 translated and quoted in Appleyard, R Pioneers of Electrical Communication (1968) p. 199
Jungnickel, C and McCormmach, R Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 1 (1990) p. 53
Quoted and translated by Tyndall, J “Reports on the Progress of the Physical Sciences” London, Edinburgh and Dublin Phil. Mag. [Forth Series] (May 1852) p. 322
Schagrin, M “Resistance to Ohm’s Law” (Feb 4, 1963) American Journal of Physics vo. 31 No. 7 p. 540
Found in Lloyd William, T Physics, the pioneer science (1959) p. 668
Dr. J. Lamont “Obituary notices of deceased Fellows: George Simon Ohm” Proceedings of Royal Society of London (Jan 1, 1856) vol. 7 p. 600
According to Jungnickel, C and McCormmach, R Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 1 (1990) p. 57-8
Sturgeon, W “Description of an Electro-magnetic Engine” The Annals of Electricity, vol. 1 (October, 1836) p. 78
Jacobi, M “On the application of Electro-magnetism to the moving of Machines” (April 1835) The Annals of Electricity, Magnetism, and Chemistry (Oct 1837) p. 422
“On the translation of Foreign Scientific Memoirs” British Association for the Advancement of Science Report of the Annual Meeting vo. 10 (1841) p. 446
Bowers, B Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS (2001) p. 102
Taylor, R Scientific Memoirs Selected from The Transactions … vol. 2 (1841) p. 401
Copley Medal 1841 “George Simon Ohm” The Royal Society royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal
Wheatstone, C “The Bakerian Lecture” (June 15, 1843) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society vol. 133 p. 303
Found in Alois, K Christianity and the Leaders of Modern Science (1911) p. 132-3
Dr. J. Lamont “Obituary notices of deceased Fellows: George Simon Ohm” Proceedings of Royal Society of London (Jan 1, 1856) vol. 7 p. 602
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1865) Foldout between p. 348 and 349
Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
As usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Song: Overture/And All That Jazz
Artist: Catherine Zeta-Jones;Taye Diggs;Renée Zellweger
Licensed to YouTube by
SME (on behalf of Epic); UNIAO BRASILEIRA DE EDITORAS DE MUSICA - UBEM, PEDL, LatinAutor - Warner Chappell, CMRRA, ARESA, BMG Rights Management (US), LLC, Warner Chappell, LatinAutorPerf, BMI - Broadcast Music Inc., and 11 Music Rights Societies
Links:
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The man with the glowing ball and the levitating gold flakes is from a BBC show (that is beautiful, but full of factual inaccuracies, so beware):
youtu.be/Gtp51eZkwoI
The man with the glowing barometer is from James Burke Connections 3 (which also has factual inaccuracies):
youtu.be/eCp8h9RkaSw
Big Shout out to Bertrand Wolff in France who is working with Christine Blondel on the History of Electricity. Their videos have a lot more detail on how to recreate the experiments (and how to dissect the frog). If you speak any French I recommend you check it out!
The frog videos were made at their request by Dr. Francois Ferriere at the University de Rennes 1 and can be seen at:
http://www.ampere.cnrs.fr/histoire/items/show/343
The video of the gentleman getting shocked can be seen at:
http://www.ampere.cnrs.fr/parcourspedagogique/zoom/video/piledevolta/video/
Another big thank you to Tonny Cassidy for letting me use his arc lamp video:
youtu.be/t8sUrjuyBEg
Finally, as usual, a big thank you to the fabulous Kim Nalley for singing "electricity" and some background music. www.kimnalley.com
Links:
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
Links:
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
Fraunhofer's work is translated and found in "Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra, Memoirs" (1899)
The date of the accident and the death of his family members is from “Memoir of the life of Joseph Fraunhofer” found in The Franklin Institute Journal of the Franklin Institute Vol. 8 (1829) Elsevier p. 97
Wollaston, W “A Method of examining refractive and dispersive Powers, by prismatic Reflection” (June 24, 1802) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Vol. 92 p. 378
Also, check out:
Jackson, Myles "Spectrum of Belief" (2000) p. 1-5
King, H "The History of the Telescope" (2003) p. 177-8
Band, J. C. D. "Lines of Light" (2017)
Some Links:
My mailing list:
https://kathylovesphysics.ck.page/welcome
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
Fascinating article about the history of Rutherford’s radium: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123660/#FN6
Video of the Hindenburg:
youtu.be/CgWHbpMVQ1U
Some references:
Rutherford, Ernest, (January, 1899) “Uranium Radiation and the Electrical Conduction Produced by It” Philosophical Magazine Vol. XLVII p. 116
Rutherford, Ernest, (January, 1899) “Uranium Radiation and the Electrical Conduction Produced by It” Philosophical Magazine Vol. XLVII p. 116
J Elster und H. Geitel “Weitere Versuche an Becquerel-strahlen” Annalen der Physik Band 69 (Sept 14, 1899) p. 88
Giesel, M “Ueber die Ablenkbarkeit der Becquerelstrahlen im magnetischen Felde” Annalen der Physik Vol 305, Issue 12 January 1, 1899
Curie, P “Action of the Magnetic Field on the Becquerel Rays” (January 8, 1900) Comptes Rendus No 2, Tome CXXX p. 74
Curie, P and Curie, M “On the Electric Charge of Deviable Rays of Radium” (March 5, 1900) Comptes Rendus No 10, Tome CXXX p. 648
Rutherford, Ernest to Newton, Mary Aug 11, 1895 quoted in Eve, A. S. Rutherford p. 56
Rutherford, Ernest to Newton, Mary Aug 3, 1898 quoted in Eve, A. S. Rutherford p. 55
Soddy, Fredrick, quoted in Schwoerer, H., Magil, J. Beleites, B. Lasers and Nuclei p. 131
Rutherford, E (Feb, 1903) “The Magnetic and Electric Deviation of the easily absorbed Rays from Radiation” Philosophical Magazine Vol V – Sixth Series p. 177
Rutherford, E (Feb, 1903) “The Magnetic and Electric Deviation of the easily absorbed Rays from Radiation” Philosophical Magazine Vol V – Sixth Series p. 177
Curie, M Radio-Active Substances (1904) p. 33
Curie, M Radio-Active Substances (1904) p. 33
Frederick Soddy quoted in Howorth, M Pioneer Research on the Atom (1958) p. 98
Frederick Soddy quoted in Howorth, M Pioneer Research on the Atom (1958) p. 112
Ramsay, W and Soddy, F “Experiments in Radioactivity, and the Production of Helium from Radium” (July 28, 1903) Proceedings of the Royal Society (Vol 72) p. 206
Rutherford, E and Royds, T “The nature of alpha particle from Radioactive Substances” Phil. Mag. 17 p. 286 (Jan 1909)
Rutherford, Ernest “Forty Years of Physics” in Background to Modern Science, 1938 p 48
Rutherford, Ernest “Forty Years of Physics” in Background to Modern Science, 1938 p 48
Rutherford, Ernest “Forty Years of Physics” in Background to Modern Science, 1938 p 48
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
If you would like to read the original newspaper report about x-rays translated into English check it out here:
kathylovesphysics.com/2018/10/18/a-sensational-discovery-die-presse-january-5-1896-first-newspaper-article-on-the-x-ray
References:
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
If you would like to read the original newspaper report about x-rays translated into English check it out here:
kathylovesphysics.com/2018/10/18/a-sensational-discovery-die-presse-january-5-1896-first-newspaper-article-on-the-x-ray
If you wish to read Roentgen's first paper or first magazine article or a report on how people responded to the x-ray (including that story of secretly checking someone's fiancee) I highly recommend the book:
"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays" by Otto Glasser written in 1934 and reprinted in 1991.
The "X-ray Fiend" was from:
youtube.com/watch?v=3gMCkFRMJQQ
The music by Kevin MacLoad "Hammock Fight" can be found: Music by Kevin MacLeod. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Download link: incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100213
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
Experiments:
1. How to make a voltaic pile:
Take 10 shiny pennies, 10 zinc washers (or tin foil), and cut out 10 circles in paper or cardboard. Put the paper or cardboard in a cup full of vinegar. Layer the items zinc, paper, penny, zinc, paper, penny... You got a battery! Crazy eh?
2. How to make Hydrogen and Oxygen
Take a container of water and add a pinch of baking soda (you can add salt but it will make Chlorine and that is dangerous). Put leads from a 9 V battery into the water. That is it. If you put a tube with a balloon on top of the leads you can collect the gas but be careful, the gasses can be dangerous around a flame!
Thanks:
Big Shout out to Bertrand Wolff in France who is working with Christine Blondel on the History of Electricity. Their videos have a lot more detail on how to recreate the experiments (and how to dissect the frog). If you speak any French I recommend you check it out!
The frog videos were made at their request by Dr. Francois Ferriere at the University de Rennes 1 and can be seen at:
http://www.ampere.cnrs.fr/histoire/items/show/343
The videos of the voltage and maximum current from a voltaic pile as well as the gentleman getting shocked can be seen at:
http://www.ampere.cnrs.fr/parcourspedagogique/zoom/video/piledevolta/video/
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
The gif of Bohr's model is from Wikipedia Creative Commons:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bohr_atom_animation.gif
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
Some Links
How JJ Thomson Discovered the electron: youtu.be/n3c77C-69wg
Marie Curie and Radium: youtu.be/64q1R56hFjY
Ernest Rutherford Biography (and how he discovered Alpha and Beta radiation): youtu.be/IVngNa_mAaw
Rutherford and the discovery of the Nucleus: youtu.be/eoorE5nEQQg
The discovery of spectroscopy: youtu.be/TFP55200MPY
Max Planck's Quantum theory: youtu.be/uMUi3o78qgQ
Albert Einstein's View of Light: youtu.be/BiPEY99w8Lo
Einstein and the Solvay Conference: youtu.be/ueqVVa4iA24
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
Some Links:
The short video of the 1927 Solvay Congress:
youtube.com/watch?v=8GZdZUouzBY
The music is from the fabulous Kim Nalley and find her at kimnalley.com
My Patreon Page:
patreon.com/user?u=15291200
Some Links:
The clip where Heisenberg is writing Bohr is from a very pro-Heisenberg biography where Heisenberg has a British accent and it is all blamed on Bohr's wife! The link can be found here:
youtu.be/K4lY4rF8rQk
The interview of the son of the Rabbi who saved Danish Jews is from a fascinating documentary from the BBC that can be found here:
youtu.be/skocUzic4Ls
The interview of Edward Teller is from here (and it is interesting to listen to what he thought happened in Copenhagen which was very pro-Heisenberg)
youtu.be/ClhLnZtgcsE
The clip where Weizsacker is talking about 1941 is from a fantastic biography that you can find here:
youtube.com/watch?v=gGriZxJ6nZQ&t=2s
The song "Electricity, Electricity" is a version of the song originally written by the folks at Schoolhouse Rock by my fabulous friend Kim Nalley. Check her out at kimnalley.com