An-325: The Giant Carrier for Britains Interim HOTOL Spaceplane @Hazegrayart

Hazegrayart The HOTOL (Horizontal Take-Off and Landing) project aimed to develop a British unmanned re-usable spacecraft similar to the American Space Shuttle and Soviet Buran. It intended to be a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) craft capable of operating from runways. HOTOL planned to use a unique propulsion system that acted as both an airbreathing jet engine and a rocket engine.

Alan Bond, a rocketry engineer, researched an airbreathing rocket engine concept in 1982. His idea addressed the challenge of carrying propellant onboard SSTO vehicles by using external atmospheric oxygen, combined with liquid hydrogen, for thrust until reaching Mach 5.5. Afterward, it would switch to conventional rocket mode using liquid oxygen.

In 1985, Rolls Royce acquired Bond's engine rights and collaborated with British Aerospace (BAe) on the HOTOL project. However, difficulties arose due to the mismatch between the center of pressure and gravity during flight. The British government withdrew support in 1988, leading to the project's cancellation.

Nonetheless, in 1990, the project experienced a resurgence when BAe approached the Soviet Union with a proposal to launch a derivative of HOTOL by piggybacking aboard the massive Antonov An-225 transport aircraft. This derivative, known as the Interim HOTOL, would forego the complex RB545 engines in favor of conventional rockets supplied by Russia. The Interim HOTOL would be mounted atop the An-225, originally designed to carry the Buran space shuttle, and ascend to an altitude of approximately 29,500 ft (9,000 m). Once released, the Interim HOTOL would ignite its rocket engines and be propelled into orbit while carrying a payload of 4.5 tons.

Antonov also explored the development of an enhanced derivative of the An-225, called the An-325, equipped with two additional engines to accommodate a larger payload and potentially launch a larger version of HOTOL or a Russian vehicle. Unfortunately, the Interim HOTOL fared no better than its predecessor and was discontinued in 1992 due to a lack of interest from both the European Space Agency (ESA) and the UK government.

The HOTOL project showcased ambition and innovation but faced challenges in achieving its goals. Nonetheless, it contributed to subsequent developments such as Skylon, as the quest for efficient and cost-effective space transportation continues.
.

A Good description on Thumblegudget Youtube Channel
HOTOL - Spaceplane of the future
youtube.com/watch?v=H8c39H3t_3g

updated 1 year ago

An-325: The Giant Carrier for Britains Interim HOTOL Spaceplane

Hazegrayart 2023-05-18 | The HOTOL (Horizontal Take-Off and Landing) project aimed to develop a British unmanned re-usable spacecraft similar to the American Space Shuttle and Soviet Buran. It intended to be a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) craft capable of operating from runways. HOTOL planned to use a unique propulsion system that acted as both an airbreathing jet engine and a rocket engine.

Alan Bond, a rocketry engineer, researched an airbreathing rocket engine concept in 1982. His idea addressed the challenge of carrying propellant onboard SSTO vehicles by using external atmospheric oxygen, combined with liquid hydrogen, for thrust until reaching Mach 5.5. Afterward, it would switch to conventional rocket mode using liquid oxygen.

In 1985, Rolls Royce acquired Bond's engine rights and collaborated with British Aerospace (BAe) on the HOTOL project. However, difficulties arose due to the mismatch between the center of pressure and gravity during flight. The British government withdrew support in 1988, leading to the project's cancellation.

Nonetheless, in 1990, the project experienced a resurgence when BAe approached the Soviet Union with a proposal to launch a derivative of HOTOL by piggybacking aboard the massive Antonov An-225 transport aircraft. This derivative, known as the Interim HOTOL, would forego the complex RB545 engines in favor of conventional rockets supplied by Russia. The Interim HOTOL would be mounted atop the An-225, originally designed to carry the Buran space shuttle, and ascend to an altitude of approximately 29,500 ft (9,000 m). Once released, the Interim HOTOL would ignite its rocket engines and be propelled into orbit while carrying a payload of 4.5 tons.

Antonov also explored the development of an enhanced derivative of the An-225, called the An-325, equipped with two additional engines to accommodate a larger payload and potentially launch a larger version of HOTOL or a Russian vehicle. Unfortunately, the Interim HOTOL fared no better than its predecessor and was discontinued in 1992 due to a lack of interest from both the European Space Agency (ESA) and the UK government.

The HOTOL project showcased ambition and innovation but faced challenges in achieving its goals. Nonetheless, it contributed to subsequent developments such as Skylon, as the quest for efficient and cost-effective space transportation continues.
.

A Good description on Thumblegudget Youtube Channel
HOTOL - Spaceplane of the future
youtube.com/watch?v=H8c39H3t_3g

Starship Booster Drone Ship Landing to Scale

Hazegrayart 2024-10-11 | SpaceX Starship, a remarkable creation from the visionary private space exploration company founded by Elon Musk, is an extraordinary feat of engineering that embodies the limitless potential of human ingenuity. The Starship represents a pioneering concept in space travel, providing an advanced, fully reusable transportation system designed to propel both crew and cargo beyond the frontiers of Earth's orbit and enable unparalleled point-to-point travel on our planet.

This awe-inspiring spacecraft comprises two distinct but interdependent components: the powerful Super Heavy booster and the sleek, futuristic Starship spacecraft. The Super Heavy booster serves as the initial thrust mechanism that catapults the Starship spacecraft into orbit, while the Starship spacecraft itself is responsible for carrying both crew and cargo to their intended extraterrestrial destinations.

Fashioned out of the ultra-durable stainless steel, the Starship spacecraft is a masterful creation of technological sophistication that can carry up to 100 people and accommodate a staggering payload capacity of up to 150 metric tons. The spacecraft boasts a bevy of cutting-edge features, including robust engines and state-of-the-art avionics systems that guarantee the utmost safety and precision in the spacecraft's landings on various extraterrestrial surfaces.

SpaceX's relentless commitment to innovation and progress is evident in their extensive testing of the Starship prototype at their launch facility in South Texas. The company envisions a future where the Starship spacecraft serves as a vital tool for humanity's exploration of the Moon and Mars, as well as facilitating commercial point-to-point travel on our planet. With the Starship, SpaceX hopes to expand the horizons of space travel, making it more accessible and affordable for everyone and ushering in a new era of human achievement and exploration.

"SpaceX drone barge" (skfb.ly/6VQDo) by Yakudami is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

#starship #spacex

Flash Gordons Universe: Dr. Zarkovs Rocket Ship

Hazegrayart 2024-10-08 | Dr. Hans Zarkov's rocket ship is a sleek and futuristic spacecraft designed for interstellar travel.

Name: The Zarkov I

Design: The Zarkov I would have a sleek and aerodynamic design, optimized for efficient travel through the vacuum of space. Its exterior would be made from state-of-the-art lightweight yet incredibly strong materials, capable of withstanding the extreme conditions of space.

Propulsion: The rocket ship would be equipped with a cutting-edge propulsion system powered by advanced fusion technology. This system would provide both the immense thrust needed to break free from Earth's gravity and the sustained thrust necessary for interstellar travel. It would be incredibly fuel-efficient, allowing for extended journeys into deep space.

Navigation and Control: Inside the ship, the cockpit would be a high-tech command center, featuring a panoramic viewscreen that displays celestial objects, navigational data, and real-time communications. The ship's controls would be a fusion of traditional mechanical interfaces and advanced touchscreens, allowing for precise maneuvering and navigation.

Life Support: The Zarkov I would have a sophisticated life support system, capable of recycling air and water, as well as providing sustenance for the crew on long journeys. Radiation shielding would be integrated to protect against cosmic rays and solar radiation.

Science Equipment: Dr. Zarkov's rocket ship would be equipped with an array of scientific instruments and laboratories, enabling extensive research during the mission. These would include telescopes, spectrometers, and sensors for studying celestial bodies and phenomena.

Versatility: The ship's modular design would allow it to adapt to various mission profiles. It could be configured for planetary exploration, asteroid mining, or even as a scientific research vessel for studying distant star systems.

Safety Features: Safety would be paramount, with redundant systems and emergency protocols in place. The ship would also feature advanced shielding to protect against micrometeoroids and other space debris.

Communication: The Zarkov I would be equipped with advanced communication equipment for maintaining contact with Earth and other spacecraft. It would have the capability to transmit vast amounts of data, including high-definition images and video, to scientists and enthusiasts back on Earth.

In summary, if Dr. Hans Zarkov's rocket ship from Flash Gordon were real, it would represent the pinnacle of human engineering and space exploration capabilities, designed for venturing into the unknown reaches of the cosmos with safety, precision, and the pursuit of scientific knowledge at its core.

Versatility: Dr. Zarkov's rocket ship is designed for versatility, allowing it to undertake various missions and respond to the challenges they encounter on their journey to the planet Mongo.

The Angels Weep by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Artist: http://audionautix.com

Model Information:
* title: Monemvasia town scene
* source: sketchfab.com/3d-models/monemvasia-town-scene-26a8e79676be456a8201c62e492c1949
* author: FUD-UJEP (sketchfab.com/FUD-UJEP)

Model Information:
* title: Wall of ice
* source: sketchfab.com/3d-models/wall-of-ice-17b6a81191f045a1af2d9bb57cad428b
* author: Lassi Kaukonen (sketchfab.com/thesidekick)

Rocket Air Launch Concepts

Hazegrayart 2024-10-04 | : Full Video
0:00 British HOTOL /AN 325 youtu.be/SLgSNs8eBjU
0:32 Russian "OOS" youtu.be/S3fAm8TGP1U
0:49 Hypersonic Test Vehicle/
B-70 VALKYRIE youtu.be/9gmeONd2VZo
0:59 FDL-5/C-5 Galaxy youtu.be/0EUHgRBJkf4
1:17 Dream Chaser/Stratolaunch youtu.be/g-6RoZ4lfMk
1:39 FDL-5/747 youtu.be/0EUHgRBJkf4
1:59 X-15 Delta Wing/B-70 VALKYRIE youtu.be/9gmeONd2VZo
2:12 MAKS/AN-225 youtu.be/ywbfCBxZ2uA

Air launching is the practice of releasing a rocket, missile, parasite aircraft or other aircraft payload from a mother ship or launch aircraft. The payload craft or missile is often tucked under the wing of the larger mother ship and then "dropped" while in flight. It may also be stored within a bomb bay, beneath the main fuselage or even on the back of the carrier aircraft, as in the case of the D-21 drone. Air launching provides several advantages over ground launching, giving the smaller craft an altitude and range boost, while saving it the weight of the fuel and equipment needed to take off on its own.

McDonnell Douglas X-33 SSTO

Hazegrayart 2024-10-04 | Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). McDonnell Douglas submitted a vertical landing configuration design which used liquid oxygen/hydrogen engines. NASA considered design submissions from Rockwell, Lockheed Martin, and McDonnell Douglas. NASA selected Lockheed Martin’s X-33 design on 2 July 1996. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to produce significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that would have improve U.S. economic competitiveness.

#ssto #nasa #vulcan

Orion Docking to Artemis Gateway

Hazegrayart 2024-10-03 | Gateway is a critical part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft and human landing system. As astronauts prepare for missions to the lunar surface, they will need deliveries of critical pressurized and unpressurized cargo, science experience and supplies, such as sample collection materials and other items. In March 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX as the first U.S. commercial provider under the Gateway Logistics Services contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost on the SpaceX Dragon XL logistics module.

The agency’s powerful Space Launch System rocket will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft for their multi-day journey to lunar orbit. There, two crew members will transfer to the SpaceX human landing system (HLS) for the final leg of their journey to the surface of the Moon. After approximately a week exploring the surface, they will board the lander for their short trip back to orbit where they will return to Orion and their colleagues before heading back to Earth.

NASA’s Artemis program will land astronauts on the Moon and reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth and our origins in the solar system. At the Moon, NASA and its partners will gain the experience necessary to mount a historic human mission to Mars.

Gateway model credit: Andreas Engevold
andreas93609.artstation.com

#orion #HLS #artemis

Artemis Gateway, SpaceX HLS, Orion

Hazegrayart 2024-10-01 | Gateway is a critical part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft and human landing system. As astronauts prepare for missions to the lunar surface, they will need deliveries of critical pressurized and unpressurized cargo, science experience and supplies, such as sample collection materials and other items. In March 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX as the first U.S. commercial provider under the Gateway Logistics Services contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost on the SpaceX Dragon XL logistics module.

The agency’s powerful Space Launch System rocket will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft for their multi-day journey to lunar orbit. There, two crew members will transfer to the SpaceX human landing system (HLS) for the final leg of their journey to the surface of the Moon. After approximately a week exploring the surface, they will board the lander for their short trip back to orbit where they will return to Orion and their colleagues before heading back to Earth.

NASA’s Artemis program will land astronauts on the Moon and reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth and our origins in the solar system. At the Moon, NASA and its partners will gain the experience necessary to mount a historic human mission to Mars.

Gateway model credit: Andreas Engevold
andreas93609.artstation.com

#orion #HLS #artemis

Space Elevator

Hazegrayart 2024-09-27 | A space elevator, also referred to as a space bridge, star ladder, and orbital lift, is a proposed type of planet-to-space transportation system,] often depicted in science fiction. The main component would be a cable (also called a tether) anchored to the surface and extending into space. An Earth-based space elevator would consist of a cable with one end attached to the surface near the equator and the other end attached to a counterweight in space beyond geostationary orbit (35,786 km altitude). The competing forces of gravity, which is stronger at the lower end, and the upward centrifugal force, which is stronger at the upper end, would result in the cable being held up, under tension, and stationary over a single position on Earth. With the tether deployed, climbers (crawlers) could repeatedly climb up and down the tether by mechanical means, releasing their cargo to and from orbit. The design would permit vehicles to travel directly between a planetary surface, such as the Earth's, and orbit, without the use of large rockets.

McDonnell Douglas X-33 SSTO Reusable Rocket

Hazegrayart 2024-09-24 | Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). McDonnell Douglas submitted a vertical landing configuration design which used liquid oxygen/hydrogen engines. NASA considered design submissions from Rockwell, Lockheed Martin, and McDonnell Douglas. NASA selected Lockheed Martin’s X-33 design on 2 July 1996. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to produce significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that would have improve U.S. economic competitiveness.

#ssto #nasa #spacex

Martin Nova Post-Saturn Reusable Rocket

Hazegrayart 2024-09-24 | Nova was a series of NASA's rocket designs that were proposed both before and after the Saturn V rocket used in the Apollo program. Nova was NASA's first large launcher proposed in 1958, for missions similar to what Saturn V was subsequently used for. The Nova and Saturn V designs closely mirrored each other in basic concept, power, size, and function. Differences were minor but practical, and the Saturn was ultimately selected for the Apollo program, largely because it would reuse existing facilities to a greater extent and could make it to the pad somewhat earlier.

During a series of post-Apollo studies in the late 1960s, considerations for a crewed mission to Mars revealed the need for boosters much larger than Apollo's, and a new series of designs with as many as eight Rocketdyne F-1 engines were developed under the Nova name (along with the Saturn MLV). The image of the Nova C8 is commonly used as a representative of the entire Nova series, and many references to Nova refer specifically to these post-Apollo versions. The two series of designs were, essentially, separate, but shared their name. Thus, "Nova" does not refer to a specific rocket design, just a rocket larger than the Saturn V in most cases. Nova was the name used by NASA in the early 1960s for a super booster in the 10 to 20 million pound thrust range.

By the end of 1963, NASA had shifted its focus away from the need for massive launch vehicles. Studies on the Saturn V had already commenced, showing that with solid strap-on boosters, it could deliver up to a million pounds into orbit without requiring new vehicles or facilities. More importantly, many at NASA envisioned the successor to the Saturn V as a reusable winged shuttle that could land on airstrips. Consequently, the Nova program was quietly cancelled in 1964. Throughout the 1960s, innovators like Truax and Bono continued to promote ambitious designs for very large or single-stage-to-orbit vehicles, such as Sea Dragon and Rombus. However, without political backing for human colonization of space or Mars exploration, the demand for such large launch vehicles has yet to arise.

Artemis Gateway and SpaceX HLS

Hazegrayart 2024-09-20 | Gateway is a critical part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft and human landing system. As astronauts prepare for missions to the lunar surface, they will need deliveries of critical pressurized and unpressurized cargo, science experience and supplies, such as sample collection materials and other items. In March 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX as the first U.S. commercial provider under the Gateway Logistics Services contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost on the SpaceX Dragon XL logistics module.

The agency’s powerful Space Launch System rocket will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft for their multi-day journey to lunar orbit. There, two crew members will transfer to the SpaceX human landing system (HLS) for the final leg of their journey to the surface of the Moon. After approximately a week exploring the surface, they will board the lander for their short trip back to orbit where they will return to Orion and their colleagues before heading back to Earth.

NASA’s Artemis program will land astronauts on the Moon and reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth and our origins in the solar system. At the Moon, NASA and its partners will gain the experience necessary to mount a historic human mission to Mars.

Gateway model credit: Andreas Engevold
andreas93609.artstation.com

#starship #HLS #artemis

ReNova SSTO Rocket Concept

Hazegrayart 2024-09-17 | The rocket engines are arranged in a ring around the major diameter of a SSTO.
The hydrogen tanks form what is , in effect, a a large plug, with a toroidal oxygen tank mounted forward.. The rockets are enclosed in an air duct equipped with adjustable inlets. A jettisonable shroud extends the mixing area down stream of the rockets. The conical payload fairing serves as an inlet spike during accent through the atmosphere. The air enter through the inlet, mixes with the rocket exhaust, is heated and expands past the plug-shaped aft body, thus contributing additional thrust. The mixing shroud is jettisoned and the inlets are closed after leaving the atmosphere

The Artemis Gateway Kennedy Rice Speech

Hazegrayart 2024-09-13 | Gateway is a critical part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft and human landing system. As astronauts prepare for missions to the lunar surface, they will need deliveries of critical pressurized and unpressurized cargo, science experience and supplies, such as sample collection materials and other items. In March 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX as the first U.S. commercial provider under the Gateway Logistics Services contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost on the SpaceX Dragon XL logistics module.

The agency’s powerful Space Launch System rocket will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft for their multi-day journey to lunar orbit. There, two crew members will transfer to the SpaceX human landing system (HLS) for the final leg of their journey to the surface of the Moon. After approximately a week exploring the surface, they will board the lander for their short trip back to orbit where they will return to Orion and their colleagues before heading back to Earth.

NASA’s Artemis program will land astronauts on the Moon and reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth and our origins in the solar system. At the Moon, NASA and its partners will gain the experience necessary to mount a historic human mission to Mars.

Gateway model credit: Andreas Engevold
andreas93609.artstation.com

#starship #spacex #artemis

Gemini IV: Ed White First American Spacewalk #spacewalk

Hazegrayart 2024-09-12 | During the Gemini 4 mission on June 3, 1965, Ed White became the first American to conduct a spacewalk. The spacewalk started at 3:45 p.m. EDT on the third orbit when White opened the hatch and used the hand-held manuevering oxygen-jet gun to push himself out of the capsule.
The EVA started over the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii and lasted 23 minutes, ending over the Gulf of Mexico.

First American Spacewalk: Ed White Gemini 4 #spacewalk

Hazegrayart 2024-09-11 | During the Gemini 4 mission on June 3, 1965, Ed White became the first American to conduct a spacewalk. The spacewalk started at 3:45 p.m. EDT on the third orbit when White opened the hatch and used the hand-held manuevering oxygen-jet gun to push himself out of the capsule.
The EVA started over the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii and lasted 23 minutes, ending over the Gulf of Mexico.

BlackHole

Hazegrayart 2024-09-10 | ...

British Interplanetary Society: Project Daedalus

Hazegrayart 2024-09-09 | Project Daedalus (named after Daedalus, the Greek mythological designer who crafted wings for human flight) was a study conducted between 1973 and 1978 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a plausible uncrewed interstellar probe. Intended mainly as a scientific probe, the design criteria specified that the spacecraft had to use existing or near-future technology and had to be able to reach its destination within a human lifetime. Alan Bond led a team of scientists and engineers who proposed using a fusion rocket to reach Barnard's Star 5.9 light years away. The trip was estimated to take 50 years, but the design was required to be flexible enough that it could be sent to any other target star.

This work is based on "ISS" (sketchfab.com/3d-models/iss-752cd0f609184ea485700e5d9c8f31db) by e (sketchfab.com/melanie.2.10.90) licensed under CC-BY-4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Von Brauns Space Station, Lunar Landers

Hazegrayart 2024-09-06 | Wernher Von Braun, the visionary space pioneer, boldly prognosticated that a cadre of erudite scientists would grace the lunar surface with their presence, accomplishing this audacious feat by the year 1977. Picture this: two incarnations of the spacecraft, akin to lunar taxis, designated as the "passenger" versions, gallantly transporting a grand total of 50 scientists and adept technicians. Meanwhile, the intrepid "cargo" version embarked on a solitary sojourn to the Moon, laden with provisions deemed essential for the sustenance of the aforementioned 50 gentlemen during their anticipated six-week sojourn on Earth's proximate celestial companion. Notably, the nomenclature of the series hinted at a predominantly male cast.

Consider the colossal stature of these celestial vessels, towering at an impressive 160 feet—a height analogous to the entirety of the Space Shuttle stack. Dr. von Braun's foresight manifested in the selection of rocket propellants—nitric acid and hydrazine—a choice that, remarkably, aligns with the contemporary trifecta of popular rocket fuel combinations (the others being LOX/LH2 and LOX/Kerosene). However, his less prescient inclinations manifested in the utilization of a mercury-vapor powered turbine, harnessing the Sun's parabolically concentrated light to evaporate liquid mercury and generate a formidable 35 kilowatts. Despite being the avant-garde darling in 1952, these turbines fell out of favor shortly thereafter, with no known instances of deployment in outer space.

The spacecraft's genesis unfolded over an extended eight-month period, meticulously assembling itself in proximity to a space station nestled in a 1730-km-altitude, 2-hour circular orbit. However, this orbit's charm waned upon the discovery that it meandered within the unexpected embrace of the Van Allen radiation belts, rendering it unsuitable for the manned spacecraft's traverse.

Upon lunar arrival, the intrepid astronauts,, embarked upon the ambitious endeavor of erecting a lunar base. Von Braun, exuding confidence, foretold that this lunar foothold would inevitably pave the way for humanity's foray into the Martian frontier, an assertion that hinted at a cosmic odyssey poised to unfold in the not-too-distant future.

Artemis Gateway and SpaceXs Dragon XL

Hazegrayart 2024-09-06 | Gateway is a critical part of NASA’s deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft and human landing system. As astronauts prepare for missions to the lunar surface, they will need deliveries of critical pressurized and unpressurized cargo, science experience and supplies, such as sample collection materials and other items. In March 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX as the first U.S. commercial provider under the Gateway Logistics Services contract to deliver cargo and other supplies to the lunar outpost on the SpaceX Dragon XL logistics module.

The agency’s powerful Space Launch System rocket will launch four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft for their multi-day journey to lunar orbit. There, two crew members will transfer to the SpaceX human landing system (HLS) for the final leg of their journey to the surface of the Moon. After approximately a week exploring the surface, they will board the lander for their short trip back to orbit where they will return to Orion and their colleagues before heading back to Earth.

NASA’s Artemis program will land astronauts on the Moon and reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth and our origins in the solar system. At the Moon, NASA and its partners will gain the experience necessary to mount a historic human mission to Mars.

Gateway model credit: Andreas Engevold
andreas93609.artstation.com

#starship #HLS #artemis

Boeing Booster Staging

Hazegrayart 2024-09-03 | The Boeing doublebody, winged booster, known as Model 832-40
made use of a Dyna-Soar glider as the crew module and escape capsule.
Powered by twin clusters made up of 4 Rocketdyne J-2B rocket engines for vertical boost and 3 hydrogen-fueled, General Electric MF239C Turbofan engines for horizontal flight and landing. Designed for use with a variety of upper stages

Source: media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/06/2002615086/-1/-1/0/RECOVERABLE%20BOOSTERS.PDF

Song: Max Brhon - Cyberpunk [NCS Release]
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: http://ncs.io/Cyberpunk
Watch: http://youtu.be/iqoNoU-rm14

#boeing #nasa #ksp

Boeing Recoverable Booster on the Pad

Hazegrayart 2024-08-30 | The Boeing doublebody, winged booster, known as Model 832-40
made use of a Dyna-Soar glider as the crew module and escape capsule.
Powered by twin clusters made up of 4 Rocketdyne J-2B rocket engines for vertical boost and 3 hydrogen-fueled, General Electric MF239C Turbofan engines for horizontal flight and landing. Designed for use with a variety of upper stages

Source: media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/06/2002615086/-1/-1/0/RECOVERABLE%20BOOSTERS.PDF

Song: Max Brhon - Cyberpunk [NCS Release]
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: http://ncs.io/Cyberpunk
Watch: http://youtu.be/iqoNoU-rm14

#boeing #nasa #ksp

Crewed Mars Mission on Philip Bonos Mars Glider

Hazegrayart 2024-08-27 | In the year 1960, Philip Bono, a highly specialized Space Vehicle Design Specialist affiliated with the Boeing Airplane Company, formulated a conceptualization of a pioneering manned spacecraft intended for Mars. The outward visage of this spacecraft was fashioned in a manner which exhibited similarities to the X-20A Dyna-Soar single-seat orbital glider concurrently under development at his organization on behalf of the United States Air Force. However, Bono's cerebral rendition of the Mars glider embodied noteworthy dimensional dissimilarities when compared to the Dyna-Soar -- namely, it was of an enormity that was capable of accommodating an eight-man "expeditionary force," and nearly 40 tons of supplies and equipment. The prodigious Mars glider boasted a flat-bellied physique that spanned a monumental 125 feet in length, and an impressive 95 feet across its delta wings.

The Mars glider, once fully assembled and loaded with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants, stood at a towering height of 248 feet, weighing in at an impressive 4150 tons. This colossal spacecraft was encompassed by six elongated outboard booster rockets, designed to enshroud and conceal the short booster, living module/rocket stage, and the majority of the aft portion of the glider.

Bono's original vision of the Mars glider was equipped with scientific instruments that would enable it to scrutinize the Red Planet's surface and atmosphere. This glider would harness the power of its wings to generate lift, and it would have been controlled remotely from the mother ship. The spacecraft would have been launched from a mother ship which was stationed in orbit around Mars.

Even though the Mars Glider concept never came to complete fruition nor was it ever launched, it nevertheless played a consequential role in the technological advancements of other Mars exploration technologies. Additionally, this epoch-making conceptualization inspired a plethora of forthcoming space exploration concepts.

Epic Unease by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100406

Artist: http://incompetech.com

Boeing Dreams

Hazegrayart 2024-08-27 | The Boeing doublebody, winged booster, known as Model 832-40
made use of a Dyna-Soar glider as the crew module and escape capsule.
Powered by twin clusters made up of 4 Rocketdyne J-2B rocket engines for vertical boost and 3 hydrogen-fueled, General Electric MF239C Turbofan engines for horizontal flight and landing. Designed for use with a variety of upper stages

Source: media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/06/2002615086/-1/-1/0/RECOVERABLE%20BOOSTERS.PDF

Song: Max Brhon - Cyberpunk [NCS Release]
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: http://ncs.io/Cyberpunk
Watch: http://youtu.be/iqoNoU-rm14

#boeing #nasa #ksp

Boeing Recoverable Booster

Hazegrayart 2024-08-23 | The Boeing doublebody, winged booster, known as Model 832-40
made use of a Dyna-Soar glider as the crew module and escape capsule.
Powered by twin clusters made up of 4 Rocketdyne J-2B rocket engines for vertical boost and 3 hydrogen-fueled, General Electric MF239C Turbofan engines for horizontal flight and landing. Designed for use with a variety of upper stages

Source: media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/06/2002615086/-1/-1/0/RECOVERABLE%20BOOSTERS.PDF

Song: Max Brhon - Cyberpunk [NCS Release]
Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds
Free Download/Stream: http://ncs.io/Cyberpunk
Watch: http://youtu.be/iqoNoU-rm14

#boeing #nasa #ksp

Blue Origins New Glenn Rocket

Hazegrayart 2024-08-16 | New Glenn is a 7-meter-diameter (23 ft) two-stage orbital launch vehicle with an optional third stage and a reusable first stage. The first stage will be powered by seven BE-4 methane/oxygen engines—designed and manufactured by Blue Origin—producing 17,000 kN (3,800,000 lbf) of liftoff thrust. Launches of the New Glenn are planned to be made from Spaceport Florida Launch Complex 36 in 2024

Future Rocket Drone Ships

Hazegrayart 2024-08-15 | An autonomous spaceport drone ship (ASDS) is an ocean-going vessel derived from a deck barge, outfitted with station-keeping engines and a large landing platform, and is autonomously positioned when on station for a landing.

0:00 Blue Origin - New Glenn
0:56 Relativity Space - Terran R
1:42 Rocket Lab - Neutron
2:54 China's - Long March 10

Chinas Space Station Xuntian Space Telescope

Hazegrayart 2024-08-10 | The Tiangong Space Station is a Chinese space station that is fully operational. It is being developed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) as a part of China's ambitious space program. The name "Tiangong" translates to "Heavenly Palace" in English.

The Tiangong Space Station consists of multiple modules that will serve various purposes, including living quarters for astronauts, scientific research laboratories, and facilities for conducting experiments in microgravity. It is designed to be a long-term, modular space station similar to the International Space Station (ISS), but with a smaller scale.

The construction of the Tiangong Space Station is planned to occur in several phases:

Tiangong-1: This was China's first space station module, launched in 2011. It served as a prototype and tested various technologies and docking procedures.

Tiangong-2: Launched in 2016, this module was used to conduct additional docking and rendezvous tests.

Tiangong Modules (Tianhe, Wentian, Mengtian): The core module, named Tianhe (meaning "Harmony of the Heavens"), was launched in April 2021. It serves as the main living and working area for astronauts. It has docking ports for additional modules, which will be added in subsequent launches. Wentian and Mengtian are two experiment modules that will attach to Tianhe.

The Tiangong Space Station will host a variety of scientific experiments in fields such as astronomy, biology, materials science, and more. It will also serve as a platform for international collaboration, with countries being able to send astronauts and participate in research projects aboard the station.

The completion of the Tiangong Space Station represents a significant milestone in China's space program, showcasing the country's growing capabilities in space exploration, technology, and scientific research.

"China's Tiangong Space Station" (skfb.ly/oEzAB) by thaweverything is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

#tiangong

Saturn Application Reusable SSTO Landing

Hazegrayart 2024-08-09 | Douglas Aircraft's SASSTO, short for "Saturn Application Single Stage to Orbit", was a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch system designed by Philip Bono's team in 1967. SASSTO was a study in minimalist designs, a launcher with the specific intent of repeatedly placing a Gemini capsule in orbit for the lowest possible cost. The SASSTO booster was based on the layout of the S-IVB upper stage from the Saturn family, modified with a plug nozzle.

Philip Bonos Single Stage to Orbit Rocket (SSTO)

Hazegrayart 2024-08-02 | Douglas Aircraft's SASSTO, short for "Saturn Application Single Stage to Orbit", was a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch system designed by Philip Bono's team in 1967. SASSTO was a study in minimalist designs, a launcher with the specific intent of repeatedly placing a Gemini capsule in orbit for the lowest possible cost. The SASSTO booster was based on the layout of the S-IVB upper stage from the Saturn family, modified with a plug nozzle.

XB-70 Valkyrie Hypersonic Air Launcher

Hazegrayart 2024-07-30 | North American XB-70 Valkyrie

Alternate concepts for the XB-70 ranged from cargo and personnel transport, supersonic tanker and reusable launch vehicle to name a few. Some topics have enjoyed brief coverage in previous publications, yet most of what you will find resides in the archives of the Air Force Materiel Command History Office, a research facility located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. Research revealed a variety of gems in these archives, many a simple mention or illustration in an obscure report while others came from archived materials supplied by the manufacturer.

Source: A Look Back… NAA B-70 Valkyrie Variants – A Future That Never Was…

This work is based on "Xb70" (sketchfab.com/3d-models/xb70-2ea003ec5a8b4ac1a1207d2810b0265c) by manilov.ap (sketchfab.com/manilov.ap) licensed under CC-BY-4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

This work is based on "North American X-15 Plane" (sketchfab.com/3d-models/north-american-x-15-plane-bf491206ba844282949734b48b938c53) by cmoreau (sketchfab.com/cmoreau) licensed under CC-BY-4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Apollo 11 Lunar Ascent

Hazegrayart 2024-07-26 | The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon and the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "moonwalk" was performed by astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969.

After landing on the lunar surface, Armstrong opened the hatch of the Lunar Module and descended the ladder to the surface. He then famously said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" as he took the first steps on the lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin followed him shortly afterwards.

During the EVA, which lasted for about 2 and a half hours, the astronauts collected samples of the lunar surface, conducted experiments, and planted the American flag on the Moon. They also deployed a seismometer and a laser-ranging retroreflector to study the Moon's geology and measure its distance from Earth.

The EVA also marked the first time humans had ever set foot on another celestial body. The achievement was a major victory for the United States during the Cold War and was watched by an estimated 600 million people around the world. It was a historic achievement and marked a significant step forward in space exploration.
Based on LROC Temporal Traverse data

Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin

Hazegrayart 2024-07-25 | The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon and the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "moonwalk" was performed by astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969.

After landing on the lunar surface, Armstrong opened the hatch of the Lunar Module and descended the ladder to the surface. He then famously said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" as he took the first steps on the lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin followed him shortly afterwards.

During the EVA, which lasted for about 2 and a half hours, the astronauts collected samples of the lunar surface, conducted experiments, and planted the American flag on the Moon. They also deployed a seismometer and a laser-ranging retroreflector to study the Moon's geology and measure its distance from Earth.

The EVA also marked the first time humans had ever set foot on another celestial body. The achievement was a major victory for the United States during the Cold War and was watched by an estimated 600 million people around the world. It was a historic achievement and marked a significant step forward in space exploration.
Based on LROC Temporal Traverse data

Apollo 11 Moon Walk

Hazegrayart 2024-07-24 | The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon and the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "moonwalk" was performed by astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969.

After landing on the lunar surface, Armstrong opened the hatch of the Lunar Module and descended the ladder to the surface. He then famously said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" as he took the first steps on the lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin followed him shortly afterwards.

During the EVA, which lasted for about 2 and a half hours, the astronauts collected samples of the lunar surface, conducted experiments, and planted the American flag on the Moon. They also deployed a seismometer and a laser-ranging retroreflector to study the Moon's geology and measure its distance from Earth.

The EVA also marked the first time humans had ever set foot on another celestial body. The achievement was a major victory for the United States during the Cold War and was watched by an estimated 600 million people around the world. It was a historic achievement and marked a significant step forward in space exploration.
Based on LROC Temporal Traverse data

Apollo 11 EVA

Hazegrayart 2024-07-23 | The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon and the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "moonwalk" was performed by astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969.

After landing on the lunar surface, Armstrong opened the hatch of the Lunar Module and descended the ladder to the surface. He then famously said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" as he took the first steps on the lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin followed him shortly afterwards.

During the EVA, which lasted for about 2 and a half hours, the astronauts collected samples of the lunar surface, conducted experiments, and planted the American flag on the Moon. They also deployed a seismometer and a laser-ranging retroreflector to study the Moon's geology and measure its distance from Earth.

The EVA also marked the first time humans had ever set foot on another celestial body. The achievement was a major victory for the United States during the Cold War and was watched by an estimated 600 million people around the world. It was a historic achievement and marked a significant step forward in space exploration.
Based on LROC Temporal Traverse data

Apollo 11 One Giant Leap for Mankind

Hazegrayart 2024-07-22 | The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon and the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "moonwalk" was performed by astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969.

After landing on the lunar surface, Armstrong opened the hatch of the Lunar Module and descended the ladder to the surface. He then famously said "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" as he took the first steps on the lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin followed him shortly afterwards.

During the EVA, which lasted for about 2 and a half hours, the astronauts collected samples of the lunar surface, conducted experiments, and planted the American flag on the Moon. They also deployed a seismometer and a laser-ranging retroreflector to study the Moon's geology and measure its distance from Earth.

The EVA also marked the first time humans had ever set foot on another celestial body. The achievement was a major victory for the United States during the Cold War and was watched by an estimated 600 million people around the world. It was a historic achievement and marked a significant step forward in space exploration.
Based on LROC Temporal Traverse data

Transparent Russian Rocket

Hazegrayart 2024-07-12 | The Soyuz rocket, a legendary figure in the history of space travel, is a family of expendable launch systems crafted by Russia's premier space agency, Roscosmos. Since its inception in the swinging 60s, this formidable rocket has undergone numerous improvements and has established itself as one of the most widely used and trusted space launch vehicles in the world.

With its versatility and dependability, the Soyuz has launched missions for a diverse array of organizations and nations, including the Soviet Union, Russia, the European Space Agency, and even NASA. Whether it's carrying crew and cargo to low Earth orbit, or transporting astronauts to the International Space Station, the Soyuz has proven its worth time and time again.

Fueling this rocket's success is its power source: a mixture of liquid oxygen (LOX) and kerosene. The Soyuz's first stage boasts four liquid-fueled engines, while its second stage is powered by a solitary engine. The third and final stage employs a solid-fueled engine. This fuel combination, which has been utilized in many early and contemporary rockets, is known for its high energy output, making it the ideal choice for spacecraft propulsion systems. The efficiency, affordability, and reliability of the LOX and kerosene combination have made it a staple in various space programs, including the Soyuz rocket.

Reusable Single Stage to Orbit Rocket (SSTO)

Hazegrayart 2024-07-09 | Douglas Aircraft's SASSTO, short for "Saturn Application Single Stage to Orbit", was a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch system designed by Philip Bono's team in 1967. SASSTO was a study in minimalist designs, a launcher with the specific intent of repeatedly placing a Gemini capsule in orbit for the lowest possible cost. The SASSTO booster was based on the layout of the S-IVB upper stage from the Saturn family, modified with a plug nozzle.

#reusablerockets #rocketlaunch

Jupiter III Staging

Hazegrayart 2024-06-28 | Team Vision 2006 Proposal
An Alternate Approach towards Achieving the New Vision
for Space Exploration

The Jupiter-III HLV is a revolutionary idea that seeks to revamp the current External Tank/SRB system of the Space Shuttle to produce a cutting-edge heavy lift launch vehicle. This proposal involves replacing the forward attachment of the External Tank with a more formidable structural system, thereby enhancing the capacity to transmit higher thrust and rotational loads. The new center tank's upper inter-stage region would drive the attached External Tank/SRB components, reducing the stress on the aft attachment points of the LH2 tanks.

This HLV concept leverages the External Tank/SRB stack as a common core booster, providing ample room for adjustments in lift capacity through modifications to the central core lift vehicle. The parallel burn configuration of the Jupiter-III HLV offers numerous advantages, including a reduction in development costs, improved structural efficiency, and heightened payload capacity flexibility. With a large proportion of already developed components in the Shuttle External Tank/SRB system, the costs of developing this HLV would be kept to a minimum.

Moreover, the Jupiter-III HLV would optimally utilize the Kennedy Spaceflight Center's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) volume, making it a more practical option than conventional stacked lift vehicle designs. With further extensions to a four SSET Jupiter V configuration integrated around a new 14 Meter ICES core and main/2nd stage engines, the lift capacity of this HLV could potentially surpass 1,000 metric tons to low Earth orbit, making it a game-changer in the aerospace industry.

Music: http://www.purple-planet.com

#spaceshuttle #nasa #ksp

Rockwell C-1057 Breadbox Space Shuttle Concept

Hazegrayart 2024-06-27 | The Rockwell C-1057, born during Phase B studies, aimed to shorten the Shuttle Orbiter without losing payload space. Engineer Harry Scott proposed an unconventional solution: turning the cargo bay sideways. The resulting "Breadbox" was short, squat, and surprisingly aerodynamically sound. However, integrating it with the ET and SRBs remained a mystery, contributing to its demise as a concept.

This work is based on "Hubble Space Telescope" (sketchfab.com/3d-models/hubble-space-telescope-0f4349ded7e5413895f6def949c1a10e) by Khaled Abdullah (sketchfab.com/khaledabdullah.ezz) licensed under CC-BY-4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Soyuz Rocket Exposed #roscosmos #ksp #soyuz

Hazegrayart 2024-06-25 | The Soyuz rocket, a legendary figure in the history of space travel, is a family of expendable launch systems crafted by Russia's premier space agency, Roscosmos. Since its inception in the swinging 60s, this formidable rocket has undergone numerous improvements and has established itself as one of the most widely used and trusted space launch vehicles in the world.

With its versatility and dependability, the Soyuz has launched missions for a diverse array of organizations and nations, including the Soviet Union, Russia, the European Space Agency, and even NASA. Whether it's carrying crew and cargo to low Earth orbit, or transporting astronauts to the International Space Station, the Soyuz has proven its worth time and time again.

Fueling this rocket's success is its power source: a mixture of liquid oxygen (LOX) and kerosene. The Soyuz's first stage boasts four liquid-fueled engines, while its second stage is powered by a solitary engine. The third and final stage employs a solid-fueled engine. This fuel combination, which has been utilized in many early and contemporary rockets, is known for its high energy output, making it the ideal choice for spacecraft propulsion systems. The efficiency, affordability, and reliability of the LOX and kerosene combination have made it a staple in various space programs, including the Soyuz rocket.

Transparent Soyuz Rocket Launch from Baikonur

Hazegrayart 2024-06-21 | The Soyuz rocket, a legendary figure in the history of space travel, is a family of expendable launch systems crafted by Russia's premier space agency, Roscosmos. Since its inception in the swinging 60s, this formidable rocket has undergone numerous improvements and has established itself as one of the most widely used and trusted space launch vehicles in the world.

With its versatility and dependability, the Soyuz has launched missions for a diverse array of organizations and nations, including the Soviet Union, Russia, the European Space Agency, and even NASA. Whether it's carrying crew and cargo to low Earth orbit, or transporting astronauts to the International Space Station, the Soyuz has proven its worth time and time again.

Fueling this rocket's success is its power source: a mixture of liquid oxygen (LOX) and kerosene. The Soyuz's first stage boasts four liquid-fueled engines, while its second stage is powered by a solitary engine. The third and final stage employs a solid-fueled engine. This fuel combination, which has been utilized in many early and contemporary rockets, is known for its high energy output, making it the ideal choice for spacecraft propulsion systems. The efficiency, affordability, and reliability of the LOX and kerosene combination have made it a staple in various space programs, including the Soyuz rocket.

Space Shuttle Carrier Proposals

Hazegrayart 2024-06-18 | The Conroy Virtus Designed by John M. Conroy of the Turbo-Three Corporation
incorporate a pair of Boeing B-52 Stratofortress fuselages to form a new craft using existing parts for cost-savings.

The Lockeed Twin Galaxy featured two C-5 Galaxy's with six engines to cradle the orbiter between twin fuselages

#spaceshuttle #nasa #lockheed

"Boeing B-52 Stratofortress" (skfb.ly/oLo8p) by bohmerang is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Energia Vulkan Moon Rocket on the Pad

Hazegrayart 2024-06-14 | The Energia Vulkan design was the largest of the Energia concepts with eight Zenit booster rockets and an Energia-M core as the upper stage, the Vulkan (which shared the name with another Soviet heavy lift rocket that was cancelled years earlier) configuration was initially projected to launch up to 200 metric tonnes into 200 km orbit with inclination 50.7°

The development of the Vulkan and the refurbishment of Universal Test Stand and Launch Pad at site 250 for its launches was in progress between 1990–1993 and abandoned soon after due to a lack of funds and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Music: http://www.purple-planet.com

HOTOL Britains SSTO Spaceplane Landing

Hazegrayart 2024-06-07 | HOTOL, for Horizontal Take-Off and Landing, was a 1980s British design for a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that was to be powered by an airbreathing jet engine. Development was being conducted by a consortium led by Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace (BAe).

The ideas behind HOTOL originated from work done by British Engineer Alan Bond in the field of pre-cooled jet engines.

Designed as a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) reusable winged launch vehicle, HOTOL was to be fitted with a unique air-breathing engine, the RB545 or Swallow, that was under development by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce. The propellant for the engine technically consisted of a combination of liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen; however, it was to employ a new means of dramatically reducing the amount of oxidizer needed to be carried on board by utilising atmospheric oxygen as the spacecraft climbed through the lower atmosphere. Since the oxidizer typically represents the majority of the takeoff weight of a rocket, HOTOL was to be considerably smaller than normal pure-rocket designs, roughly the size of a medium-haul airliner such as the McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80.

The termination of development work on HOTOL led to the formation of Reaction Engines Limited (REL) to develop and produce Skylon, a proposed spacecraft based on HOTOL technologies, including its air-breathing engine.

A Good description on Thumblegudget Youtube Channel
HOTOL - Spaceplane of the future
youtube.com/watch?v=H8c39H3t_3g

Music: http://www.purple-planet.com

#ksp #esa #nasa

SpaceX Starship in City Center

Hazegrayart 2024-06-06 | SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket – collectively referred to as Starship – represent a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Starship is the world’s most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, capable of carrying up to 150 metric tonnes fully reusable and 250 metric tonnes expendable.

HEIGHT 120 m / 394 ft
DIAMETER 9 m / 29.5 ft
PAYLOAD CAPACITY 100 – 150 t (fully reusable)

#starship #spacex

HOTOL Britains Air Breathing Spaceplane Rocket

Hazegrayart 2024-05-31 | HOTOL, for Horizontal Take-Off and Landing, was a 1980s British design for a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that was to be powered by an airbreathing jet engine. Development was being conducted by a consortium led by Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace (BAe).

The ideas behind HOTOL originated from work done by British Engineer Alan Bond in the field of pre-cooled jet engines.

Designed as a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) reusable winged launch vehicle, HOTOL was to be fitted with a unique air-breathing engine, the RB545 or Swallow, that was under development by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce. The propellant for the engine technically consisted of a combination of liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen; however, it was to employ a new means of dramatically reducing the amount of oxidizer needed to be carried on board by utilising atmospheric oxygen as the spacecraft climbed through the lower atmosphere. Since the oxidizer typically represents the majority of the takeoff weight of a rocket, HOTOL was to be considerably smaller than normal pure-rocket designs, roughly the size of a medium-haul airliner such as the McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80.

The termination of development work on HOTOL led to the formation of Reaction Engines Limited (REL) to develop and produce Skylon, a proposed spacecraft based on HOTOL technologies, including its air-breathing engine.

A Good description on Thumblegudget Youtube Channel
HOTOL - Spaceplane of the future
youtube.com/watch?v=H8c39H3t_3g

Music: http://www.purple-planet.com

#ksp #esa #nasa

SpaceX Falcon XX Super Heavy Concept

Hazegrayart 2024-05-28 | At the 2010 AIAA Joint Propulsion conference, SpaceX presented potential designs for future heavy and super-heavy lift vehicles.
Falcon XX is a single core launch vehicle with a diameter of 10 meters and an estimated length of about 100 meters using six Merlin 2 engines operating at the 100% thrust setting on its first stage creating a liftoff thrust of 45,360 Kilonewtons (4,625 metric tons).

NASAs DART Spacecraft

Hazegrayart 2024-05-24 | Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a planned space probe that will visit the double asteroid Didymos and demonstrate the kinetic effects of crashing an impactor spacecraft into an asteroid moon for planetary defense purposes. The mission is intended to test whether a spacecraft impact could successfully deflect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth.

A demonstration of an asteroid deflection is a key test that NASA and other agencies wish to perform before the actual need of planetary defense is present. DART is a joint project between NASA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), and it is being developed under the auspices of NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office.

The mission's target is 65803 Didymos, a binary asteroid system in which one asteroid is orbited by a smaller one. The primary asteroid (Didymos A) is about 780 m (2,560 ft) in diameter; its small satellite Dimorphos (Didymos B) is about 160 m (520 ft) in diameter in an orbit about 1 km from the primary. DART will target the smaller asteroid, Dimorphos.

Perseverance sees SpaceX Starships

Hazegrayart 2024-05-20 | Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It was manufactured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched on July 30, 2020, at 11:50 UTC. Confirmation that the rover successfully landed on Mars was received on February 18, 2021, at 20:55 UTC. As of 1 May 2024, Perseverance has been active on Mars for 1137 sols (1,168 Earth days, or 3 years, 2 months and 13 days) since its landing.

#spacex #starship #Perseverance

Jupiter III Booster Separation

Hazegrayart 2024-05-17 | Team Vision 2006 Proposal
An Alternate Approach towards Achieving the New Vision
for Space Exploration

The Jupiter-III HLV is a revolutionary idea that seeks to revamp the current External Tank/SRB system of the Space Shuttle to produce a cutting-edge heavy lift launch vehicle. This proposal involves replacing the forward attachment of the External Tank with a more formidable structural system, thereby enhancing the capacity to transmit higher thrust and rotational loads. The new center tank's upper inter-stage region would drive the attached External Tank/SRB components, reducing the stress on the aft attachment points of the LH2 tanks.

This HLV concept leverages the External Tank/SRB stack as a common core booster, providing ample room for adjustments in lift capacity through modifications to the central core lift vehicle. The parallel burn configuration of the Jupiter-III HLV offers numerous advantages, including a reduction in development costs, improved structural efficiency, and heightened payload capacity flexibility. With a large proportion of already developed components in the Shuttle External Tank/SRB system, the costs of developing this HLV would be kept to a minimum.

Moreover, the Jupiter-III HLV would optimally utilize the Kennedy Spaceflight Center's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) volume, making it a more practical option than conventional stacked lift vehicle designs. With further extensions to a four SSET Jupiter V configuration integrated around a new 14 Meter ICES core and main/2nd stage engines, the lift capacity of this HLV could potentially surpass 1,000 metric tons to low Earth orbit, making it a game-changer in the aerospace industry.

Music: http://www.purple-planet.com

#spaceshuttle #nasa #ksp

McDonnell Douglas X-33 SSTO Reusable Launch Vehicle

Hazegrayart 2024-05-11 | Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). McDonnell Douglas submitted a vertical landing configuration design which used liquid oxygen/hydrogen engines. NASA considered design submissions from Rockwell, Lockheed Martin, and McDonnell Douglas. NASA selected Lockheed Martin’s X-33 design on 2 July 1996. The RLV technology program was a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program was to produce significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that would have improve U.S. economic competitiveness.

#ssto #nasa #spacex