Session 7: Betas, relative risk and first steps on cost of debt @AswathDamodaranonValuation
Session 7: Betas, relative risk and first steps on cost of debt  @AswathDamodaranonValuation
Uploaded February 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
In this session, we started by reviewing the pitfalls of regression betas. They are backward-looking, noisy and subject to game playing. We went on to talk about bottom up betas, focusing on defining comparable firms and expanding the sample. I did make a big deal about bottom up betas, but may have still not convinced you or left you hazy about some of the details. If so, I thought it might be simpler to just send you a document that I put together on the top ten questions that you may have or get asked about bottom up betas. I think it covers pretty much all of the mechanics of the estimation process, but I am sure that I have missed a few things.
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/TenQs/TenQsBottomupBetas.htm
We also initiated the discussion of the cost of debt, defining it to be the rate at which companies can borrow long term, today and in the next session, we will complete our discussion of cost of capital.

Start of the class test: https://www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/eqnotes/tests/beta.pdf
Slides: nyu.box.com/s/c63pedeivbwqinsbkg3ets9cs3d8ivvf
Post class test: https://www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/eqnotes/postclass/session7Atest.pdf
Post class solution: https://www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/eqnotes/postclass/sessio7Asoln.pdf
Session 7: Betas, relative risk and first steps on cost of debtSession 6 (of 42): Trading Costs and TaxesSession 13 (Val Undergrad): Loose Ends in ValuationData Update 5 for 2026: Risk and Hurdle Rates - The 2026 Edition!Session 16: Options in Projects and Project Post-mortemsChapter/Session 11: Valuing Growth FirmsSession 21 (UG) and Session 19 (MBA): Pricing Analytics and Peer GroupsSession 39 (of 42): Collectibles!Session 11: More on Growth and Terminal ValueCountry Risk: Determinants, Measures and Implications - The 2026 EditionChapter/Session 17: Investing in DeclineChapter/Session 14: Investment Philosophies 101
Aswath Damodaran |

Session 7: Betas, relative risk and first steps on cost of debt

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