Uploaded August 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Lyrics by Sillius Italicus, composition, instruments & vocals by Farya Faraji.
The Epic Roman Music series presents the epic repertoire of Ancient Roman poetry, narrative epics and stories through the usage of their instruments and modes. The series' goal is to reshape public perceptions of how Ancient Rome is imagined sonically, moving toward a more accurate representation which uses their instrumentation and repertoire of modes. While I also maintain a separate series dedicated to historically informed approximations of Roman music, the Epic Roman Series approaches the question through an ethnomusicological methodology. The living traditions of the modern Balkans preserve sound worlds closer to what we can plausibly imagine for ancient Roman music than the cinematic conventions of film soundtracks. Thus, we can explore the unavoidable gaps in our limited knowledge of Roman music through living musical practices preserved in the Balkans. This allows the attested sounds of their instruments and modal languages to be heard in a culturally realistic way, while remaining distinct from modern cinematic soundscapes.
The lyrics sung here are an excerpt from the Punica, an epic poem written in the 2nd century A.D by Sillius Italicus, who recounts the rivalry between Scipio Africanus and his nemesis Hannibal, with this scene taking place during the climactic battle of Zama. The poem was lost for centuries, until it was rediscovered in the 15th century Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian Renaissance scholar.
The composition uses period instrumentation, namely a phorminx constructed for me by the wonderful folks at Luthieros, a branch of the Seikilos Museum of Ancient Music of Thessaloniki. I played the lyre according to the theories of the likes of Prof. Stefan Hagel, who believe the strummed plectrum way of playing the lyre involved dichordal harmony, which in this case, I kept to a very conservative estimate of accompanying all the melodie's notes with its perfect fifth, though combinations may well have been more complex, as I demonstrate in some of my historically informed approximations of Roman music.
The singing maintains the dactylic hexametre of the poem, which is a metric structure that provides this specific scansion and verbal rhythm heard here. In Greco-Roman Antiquity, the dactylic hexametre was the "epic" poetic metre, associated with epic poetry since the days of Homer.
Lyrics available in the pinned comment.
Lyrics by Sillius Italicus, composition, instruments & vocals by Farya Faraji.
The Epic Roman Music series presents the epic repertoire of Ancient Roman poetry, narrative epics and stories through the usage of their instruments and modes. The series' goal is to reshape public perceptions of how Ancient Rome is imagined sonically, moving toward a more accurate representation which uses their instrumentation and repertoire of modes. While I also maintain a separate series dedicated to historically informed approximations of Roman music, the Epic Roman Series approaches the question through an ethnomusicological methodology. The living traditions of the modern Balkans preserve sound worlds closer to what we can plausibly imagine for ancient Roman music than the cinematic conventions of film soundtracks. Thus, we can explore the unavoidable gaps in our limited knowledge of Roman music through living musical practices preserved in the Balkans. This allows the attested sounds of their instruments and modal languages to be heard in a culturally realistic way, while remaining distinct from modern cinematic soundscapes.
The lyrics sung here are an excerpt from the Punica, an epic poem written in the 2nd century A.D by Sillius Italicus, who recounts the rivalry between Scipio Africanus and his nemesis Hannibal, with this scene taking place during the climactic battle of Zama. The poem was lost for centuries, until it was rediscovered in the 15th century Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian Renaissance scholar.
The composition uses period instrumentation, namely a phorminx constructed for me by the wonderful folks at Luthieros, a branch of the Seikilos Museum of Ancient Music of Thessaloniki. I played the lyre according to the theories of the likes of Prof. Stefan Hagel, who believe the strummed plectrum way of playing the lyre involved dichordal harmony, which in this case, I kept to a very conservative estimate of accompanying all the melodie's notes with its perfect fifth, though combinations may well have been more complex, as I demonstrate in some of my historically informed approximations of Roman music.
The singing maintains the dactylic hexametre of the poem, which is a metric structure that provides this specific scansion and verbal rhythm heard here. In Greco-Roman Antiquity, the dactylic hexametre was the "epic" poetic metre, associated with epic poetry since the days of Homer.
Lyrics available in the pinned comment.




![Valerians Doom - Epic Iranian Music
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Ney by @AliFarbodnia, kemencheh by Amir Hossein Eskandari, music by Farya Faraji. The Epic Iranian series is a musical project where the sounds of modern Iranian music are used as a framing device for themes pertaining to the history of Iranian civilisation.
In this case, I fused native, dastgāh system music with the sounds of modern Iranian orchestral music, the idiom that developed in the 20th century with the fusion of Western Classical orchestras and the native modal systems of Iran. The mode of this song is Isfahan, the original variant where the sixth interval is a microtone. This mode is often rendered Western compatible by flattening the microtone into a Western-tuned note, but I decided to keep it as it is in the dastgah system, and added a Western chord progression underneath the song, as is often done nowadays in Iranian music. The modal, melodic structure of the song, entirely written in accordance with Iranian tradition, is therefore accompanied by a tonal progression inherited from Western musical idiom. The instrumentation consist of ney, kamancheh, santour and setar, daf, davul drums, as well as a Western orchestral ensemble.
The text sung is part of the Naqsh-e-Rostam inscriptions by Shapur I, emperor of the Sasanian Empire, who defeated and captured the Roman emperor Valerian during the Battle of Edessa, the first time it ever happened in Roman history, sending shock waves across the Roman world at the time. Interestingly, the text is not the Middle-Persian language, Shapurs native language as an ethnic Persian, but in Parthian, a closely related Iranian language spoken by the Parthians. Due to the fact that the previous imperial polity ruling over Iran for centuries, the Arsacid Empire, had been ruled by an ethnically Parthian elite, the power of the Parthian houses remained very strong in the Sasanian era, and Parthian remained an official language of the Sasanian state, with many proclamations and monuments using three languages, Persian, Parthian, and Aramaic.
Lyrics in Parthian:
Ud būd aδ až Garmāniyā šahr, Rēšiyā šahr, Nīrakos šahr, Dākiyā šahr, Astriyā, Ispaniyā šahr, Afrikiyā, zāwar 70 hazār.
Wālaraniyos Kēsar wuzurg raft bud, Wālaraniyos Kēsar wxad pad wxēbeh dast dastgraβ kerd.
Až Trākiyā šahr, Bitūniyā šahr, Āsāyā šahr, Isawriyā šahr, Likōniyā šahr, Galātīniyā, Lūkiyā, Kīlikiyā, Kappōdakiyā, Frūgāyā, Sūriyā šahr, zāwar 70 hazār.
Wālaraniyos Kēsar wuzurg raft bud, Wālaraniyos Kēsar wxad pad wxēbeh dast dastgraβ kerd.
Rabēsēf, sānatōr ud hēgemōn kē hō zāwar sārār būd, harw dastgraβ kerd, ud bē ō Pārs wāst ahēnd.
Až Fonikāyā šahr, až Yūdāyā šahr, Arabiyā šahr, Mōrān šahr, Garmāniyā šahr, Rōdōs šahr, Maδyānrōdān šahr zāwar 70 hazār.
Wālaraniyos Kēsar wuzurg raft bud, Wālaraniyos Kēsar wxad pad wxēbeh dast dastgraβ kerd.
Rabēsēf, sānatōr ud hēgemōn kē hō zāwar sārār būd, harw dastgraβ kerd, ud bē ō Pārs wāst ahēnd.
English translation:
And there were with [him] from the land of Germany, from the land of Raetia, from the land of Norica, from the land of Dacia, from the land of Pannonia, from the land of Moesia, from the land of Istria [or: Asturia], from the land of Spain, from the land of Africa.
And there was a great battle with Valerian Caesar, and Valerian Caesar was captured by my own hand, and the rest, the praetorian prefects and the senators and the officers who were the leaders of this army, were all captured and led into the province of Pars.
From the land of Thrace, from the land of Bithynia, from the land of Asia, from the land of Pamphylia, from the land of Isauria, from the land of Lyconia, from the land of Galatia, from the land of Lycia, from the land of Cilicia, from the land of Cappadocia, from the land of Phrygia, from the land of Syria.
And there was a great battle with Valerian Caesar, and Valerian Caesar was captured by my own hand, and the rest, the praetorian prefects and the senators and the officers who were the leaders of this army, were all captured and led into the province of Pars.
From the land of Phoenicia, from the land of Judaea, from the land of Arabia, from the land of Mauretania, from the land of Germany, from the land of Rhodes, from the land of Osrhoene, from the land of Mesopotamia an army of 70,000 men.
And there was a great battle with Valerian Caesar, and Valerian Caesar was captured by my own hand, and the rest, the praetorian prefects and the senators and the officers who were the leaders of this army, were all captured and led into the province of Pars.
The text and translation come from the site Parthian Sources Online: https://parthiansources.com/ Please note that the pronunciation does not use reconstructed phonetics but applies modern Iranian phonetic pronunciation onto the text. Valerians Doom - Epic Iranian Music](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xZ7U5x4r5K4/mqdefault.jpg)





