Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Rosslyn Castle
Rosslyn Chapel Trust is responsible for the conservation and care of Rosslyn Castle, which is just a short walk from the Chapel.
Rosslyn Castle is the ancestral home of the St Clair family and the oldest parts date to the early 14th century. The Castle has changed greatly over the centuries and substantial additions were made in the 15th century by Sir William St Clair, founder of the Chapel.
It has long been a popular landmark among landscape painters including Alexander Nasmyth and JMW Turner RA.
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Rosslyn Castle
Rosslyn Chapel Trust is responsible for the conservation and care of Rosslyn Castle, which is just a short walk from the Chapel.
Rosslyn Castle is the ancestral home of the St Clair family and the oldest parts date to the early 14th century. The Castle has changed greatly over the centuries and substantial additions were made in the 15th century by Sir William St Clair, founder of the Chapel.
It has long been a popular landmark among landscape painters including Alexander Nasmyth and JMW Turner RA.
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![Edinburgh Castle, Scotland 22.09.2025 mini 4 pro
Edinburgh Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Dhùn Èideann) is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age. There has been a royal castle on the rock since the reign of Malcolm III in the 11th century, and the castle continued to be a royal residence until 1633. From the 15th century, the castles residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as a military garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotlands national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half.
Edinburgh Castle has played a prominent role in Scottish history, and has served variously as a royal residence, an arsenal, a treasury, a national archive, a mint, a prison, a military fortress, and the home of the Honours of Scotland – the Scottish regalia. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, the castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1,100-year history, giving it a claim to having been the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world. Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of 1573, when the medieval defences were largely destroyed by artillery bombardment. The most notable exceptions are St Margarets Chapel from the early 12th century, which is regarded as the oldest building in Edinburgh, the Royal Palace, and the early 16th-century Great Hall. The castle is the site of the Scottish National War Memorial and the National War Museum. The British Army is still responsible for some parts of the castle, although its presence is now largely ceremonial and administrative. The castle is the regimental headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards and houses their regimental museums, along with that of the Royal Scots.
The castle, in the care of Historic Environment Scotland, is Scotlands most (and the United Kingdoms second most) visited paid tourist attraction, with over 2.2 million visitors in 2019] and over 70 percent of leisure visitors to Edinburgh visiting the castle. As the backdrop to the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo during the annual Edinburgh Festival, the castle has become a recognisable symbol of Edinburgh in particular and of Scotland as a whole.
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![Night Flight Princes Street, Edinburgh Mini 4 pro
Princes Street (Scottish Gaelic: Sràid nam Prionnsachan) is one of the major thoroughfares in central Edinburgh, Scotland and the main shopping street in the capital. It is the southernmost street of Edinburghs New Town, stretching around 1.2 km (three quarters of a mile) from Lothian Road in the west, to Leith Street in the east. The street has few buildings on the south side and looks over Princes Street Gardens allowing panoramic views of the Old Town, Edinburgh Castle, as well as the valley between. Most of the street is limited to trams, buses and taxis with only the east end open to all traffic.
History
18th century
View of Princes Street from Calton Hill.
Princes Street by Alexander Nasmyth, 1825
Princes Street, looking East, c. 1910–1915.
The Balmoral Hotel, originally called the North British Hotel, on Princes Street above Waverley Station.
The street lies on the line of a medieval country lane known as the Lang Dykes and under the first plan for the New Town was to have been called St Giles Street after the patron saint of Edinburgh.[1] However, when King George III was shown a print or drawing of the proposed New Town by Sir John Pringle, he objected to the name as he associated it with the notorious slum area of St Giles, London. At Pringles suggestion, the street was instead named Princes Street after King Georges eldest son, Prince George, Duke of Rothesay (later King George IV) as recounted in his 1767 letter to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh.[2] By the late 1830s the apostrophe in the name (which had also sometimes been written as Princes Street) had largely fallen out of use, giving the street its present day name of Princes Street. The apparent plurality in the name has given rise to various erroneous explanations of the name.[3]
It was laid out according to formal plans for Edinburghs New Town, now known as the First New Town. These were devised by the architect James Craig and building began around 1770. Princes Street represented a critical part of the plan, being the outer edge, facing Edinburgh Castle and the original city, Edinburgh Old Town. Originally all buildings had the same format: set back from the street with stairs down to a basement and stairs up to the ground floor with two storeys and an attic above. Of this original format only one such property, no.95, remains in its original form.
19th century
Through the 19th century most buildings were redeveloped at a larger scale and the street evolved from residential to mainly retail uses.
From the 1880s the street, with its commanding views in combination with great ease of access, became a popular street upon which to locate hotels. The railway companies created huge anchor hotels at either end: the Caledonian Hotel to the west, and North British Hotel to the east. In between were the Royal British Hotel, Old Waverley Hotel, and Mount Royal Hotel, all of which survive. Princes Street was also home to two leading department stores, Jenners founded in 1838 and rebuilt in 1893–1895, and Forsyths built in 1906–1907, both technically advanced and architecturally ornate buildings for their time.
20th century
By the 1930s the architecture of Princes Street had a very mixed character. The Abercrombie Plan of 1949 proposed tighter control of design to create a more coherent appearance.[4] This theme was taken up by the Princes Street Panel, whose 1967 report proposed comprehensive redevelopment with Modernist buildings to incorporate a first-floor level walkway, theoretically doubling the shopping frontage. The plan was partially put into operation, resulting in the demolition of seven old buildings, and the erection of seven new, before the approach was dropped in the 1970s.[5] Two of the new buildings, British Home Stores at number 64, and the New Club at numbers 84–87, are now listed buildings.[6]
There has been controversy over buildings from the latter half of the 20th century on Princes Street.[7] This has prompted plans[when?] to demolish the BHS and the Marks & Spencer buildings, in an effort to improve the status of the street.[8] Another problem has been that upper floors are often used for storage, rather than as office, retail or living space. At an early stage in post-World War II designs for the street, a high level walkway was planned, as a further shopping frontage for the first floor level, in lieu of the other side of the street. However the walkway as built was never more than a number of isolated balconies and in practice the Royal Bank of Scotland was the only business to maintain a frontage at this level for any length of time; that branch of the bank closed early in the 21st century, leaving the upper walkway largely forgotten.
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![Newhaven Harbour, Edinburgh, Scotland. Mavic 4 pro.
Newhaven is a district in the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, which lies between Leith and Granton and is about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of the city centre of Edinburgh, just north of the Victoria Park district.
Formerly a village and harbour on the Firth of Forth, it had a population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants at the 1991 census. Newhaven was designated a conservation area, one of 40 such areas in Edinburgh, in 1977.] It has a very distinctive building form, typical of many Scottish fishing villages, with a forestair leading to accommodation at first floor level. The lower ground floor was used for storing nets.
More modern housing dating from the 1960s has replicated the style of these older buildings. Victoria Primary School, created in 1844, is a historic, listed building in Newhaven Main Street and was the oldest council primary school still in use within the City of Edinburgh council area until pupils and staff moved to a new building across in Western Harbour in 2021. It latterly had a school roll of around 145 children. The site has now been acquired under the Community Asset Transfer scheme, by the Heart of Newhaven Community, a volunteer-led charity, who will be running it as a community hub.
The new Western Harbour development extends north into the Firth of Forth from Newhaven. It is also the home of Next Generation Sports Centre (now named David Lloyd Newhaven Harbour), where the tennis player Sir Andy Murray regularly played as a youngster.
History
Early history
The village lies on the line of a prehistoric raised beach. It was part of North Leith Parish, being situated north of the Water of Leith which divided Leith into north and south parishes. It was once a thriving fishing village and a centre for shipbuilding. King James IV wanted to build a Scottish navy, but the existing port of Leith proved unsuitable for large warships. In 1504 he created Newhavin (meaning literally new harbour) as a custom-built port, specifically for the construction of the warship Michael (popularly called the Great Michael). The ship was built between 1507 and 1511. The site of the original harbour is the current open space at Fishmarket Square (see photo above).
Surviving walls of the Chapel of St. Mary and St. James, believed to have been built for the dockyard workers and mariners, can still be seen in Lambs Court and Westmost Close off Main Street. The chapel was ruinous by 1611; the grounds were acquired for use as a graveyard by the Society of Free Fishermen in 1766 and used as such until 1848. In the reign of James VI the Flemish entrepreneurs Cornelius de Vos and Eustachius Roche set up salt pans at Newhaven to make sea salt.
Between 1572 and 1890, Newhaven was a major port for landing oysters. In 1881, out of a population of 400 fishermen in the village at the time, 17 fishermen from Newhaven, including boats crewed by a father and son(s), or brothers were among the one hundred and eighty-nine who lost their lives in a severe storm, known as the Eyemouth disaster. There were nine widows and 57 children bereaved from those lives lost just in Newhaven.
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