Uploaded December 2022 | Updated September 2026, 18 hours ago
A quantum particle in a Koch snowflake billiard.
The animation shows the time evolution of the probability density of a tiny, microscopic particle trapped inside a reflective cavity. The cavity is bounded by (a finite iteration of) a fractal curve known as the Koch snowflake.
The animation is produced by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
A quantum particle in a Koch snowflake billiard.
The animation shows the time evolution of the probability density of a tiny, microscopic particle trapped inside a reflective cavity. The cavity is bounded by (a finite iteration of) a fractal curve known as the Koch snowflake.
The animation is produced by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.


![Attractive Potential with No Ground State [QBE Ep. 2]
Episode 2 of Quantum on the Back of an Envelope [QBE].
🔗 Watch the full series here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIGRVb L3EpDzApE5EnAOYyTAyagvi1W
In this episode of Quantum on the Back of an Envelope, we explore the strange and fascinating -1/x^2 potential. Despite being attractive and infinitely deep, it has no ground state and therefore no discrete energy spectrum. In a certain regime, the system can be so unstable that it could (theoretically) destroy the universe. No equations just simple dimensional analysis. Attractive Potential with No Ground State [QBE Ep. 2]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/z6HmvZ70S2A/mqdefault.jpg)