Uploaded April 2019 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe. Sky Scholar will be releasing at least one video per week to make sure you don’t run out of content!
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., is a professor of radiology at The Ohio State University. He also holds an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. This brought on the need to question fundamental aspects of thermal physics, including ideas related to Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission, and more. These presentations are not endorsed by The Ohio State University.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: spaceweathernews.com
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data
IRIS Satellite: nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe. Sky Scholar will be releasing at least one video per week to make sure you don’t run out of content!
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., is a professor of radiology at The Ohio State University. He also holds an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. This brought on the need to question fundamental aspects of thermal physics, including ideas related to Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission, and more. These presentations are not endorsed by The Ohio State University.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: spaceweathernews.com
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data
IRIS Satellite: nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE


![The Jeans Mass - Imaginary Surfaces and the Great Swindle of Astrophysics!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
Dr. P.M. Robitaille | OTF2019 | Revelations Through MRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5vIUcnKlI
P.M. Robitaille, Forty Lines of Evidence for Condensed Matter - The Sun on Trial: Liquid Metallic Hydrogen as a Solar Building Block, Progr. Phys. 2013, 90-142. http://www.ptep-online.com/2013/PP-35-16.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille, Liquid Metallic Hydrogen: A Building Block for the Liquid Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 60-74.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-07.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem, Gravitational Collapse and the Virial Theorem: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics, Progress in Physics, 2018, v. 14, no. 3, 179-1821.
http://ptep-online.com/2018/PP-54-13.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille and S.J. Crothers, Intensive and extensive properties: Thermodynamic balance, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 158-163.
http://shorturl.at/fmCN7
P.-M. Robitaille and S.J. Crothers, Dynamics of the solar wind: Eugene Parker’s treatment and the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 1-4. http://shorturl.at/qtuPW
S.J. Crothers and P.-M. Robitaille, Bekenstein–Hawking black hole entropy, Hawking temperature, and the Unruh effect: Insight from the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2020, 33, 143-148. http://shorturl.at/asC67
S.J. Crothers and P.-M. Robitaille, Eddington’s mass-luminosity relation and the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 353-357.
http://shorturl.at/wJPS3
P.M. Robitaille, On the validity of Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2003, v. 31, no. 6, 1263–1267.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1265348
P. Robitaille and S. Crothers, The Theory of Heat Radiation Revisited: A Commentary on the Validity of Kirchhoffs Law of Thermal Emission and Max Plancks Claim of Universality, Progr. Physics, 2015, 11(2), 120-132.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2015/PP-41-04.PDF
J.H. Jeans, I. The stability of a spherical nebula, Philosophical Transactions, 1902, 199(312), 1-53.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.1902.0012
M. Falco, et al., Why does the Jeans Swindle work? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Let., 2013, 431(1), L6–L9. https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/431/1/L6/1405569
P.M Robitaille, A Thermodynamic History of the Solar Constitution — II: The Theory of a Gaseous Sun and Jeans’ Failed Liquid Alternative, Progr. Phys. 2011, 3, 41-59. http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-06.PDF
M.K.H. Kiessling, The “Jeans swindle”: A true story—mathematically speaking, Adv. Appl. Math., 2003, 31(1), 132-149.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196885802005560
G. Shaviv, The Synthesis of the Elements: The Astrophysical Quest for Nucleosynthesis what it can tell us about the universe, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012.
Sky Scholar Videos discussing intensive and extensive properties:
1. The FOURTH Law of Thermodynamics? The 4th Law Explained! - 1/25/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8Nm9bnWOTs
2. Intensive and Extensive Properties - A Note of Caution! – 11/21/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nh68Ruqwl18
Sky Scholar Videos discussing gravitational collapse:
1. How are Stars Formed? The Standard Model: Gravitational Collapse, Black Holes, and The Big Bang! - 7/26/2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoqsG7V13G8
2. Does Gravitational Collapse Occur? Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics – 4/28/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtMee3rrHDY
3. Gravitational Thermodynamics - Is it Science? – 6/24/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ2F2Kw5-nQ
4. Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem - Dos and Donts! – 11/1/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSUtQ6LKXuc
Various Jeans Mass expressions:
1. Cambridge https://shorturl.at/xyMW4
2. Uppsala University https://shorturl.at/jpEIQ
3. Drexel https://shorturl.at/tEOZ3
4. U Iowa https://shorturl.at/iltLV
5. U. Tennessee https://shorturl.at/dwAU8
6. U. of St. Andrews https://shorturl.at/mqzW1
7. R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert, Stellar Structure and Evolution, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, p. 253.
8. K.R. Lang, Essential Astrophysics, Springer, 2013, P. 390
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Link to Dr. Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE The Jeans Mass - Imaginary Surfaces and the Great Swindle of Astrophysics!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/udqNWpbL9dA/mqdefault.jpg)



![Searching for the Monopole - The Cosmic Microwave Background!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
P.M. Robitaille, WMAP: A Radiological Analysis, Progr. Phys. 2007, v. 3, no. 1, 3-18.
http://ptep-online.com/2007/PP-08-01.PDF
One can find all the PLANCK Images here:
https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/Planck/release_2/all-sky-maps/
Planck Science Team, Planck 2015 Results XIII.
Cosmological parameters, A&A 2016, 594, A13, section 6.7.3
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2016/10/aa25830-15.pdf
The Herouni Antenna - The Death of the Big Bang!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8lKQMEYYLw
P.M. Robitaille, COBE: A Radiological Analysis, Progr. Phys. 2009, v. 5, no. 4, 17-42.
http://ptep-online.com/2009/PP-19-03.PDF
List of List of radio telescopes
Entry previously stated: ROT-54/2.6; Mount Aragats, Armenia, near Yerevan; 1.5–300 GHz; Radio optical Telescope with 54 m Spherical Reflector Antenna and 2.6 m optical telescope on the same axis. One of the most sensitive and low noise antennas in the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_radio_telescopes&oldid=877902447 (Accessed on July 20, 2020)
Entry now states: ROT-54/2.6; Mount Aragats, Armenia, near Yerevan; 1.5–300 GHz; Radio optical Telescope with 54 m Spherical Reflector Antenna and 2.6 m optical telescope on the same axis. This telescope never was operating from the date of its installation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_telescopes (Accessed on July 20, 2020)
P. Herouni and V.S. Oskanian, Radio flare on Etta Gemini Star, Proc. Int. Astron. Union 1990, v. 137, 145-146.
Key paper relative to the self noise at 8mm:
P. Herouni, Measured Parameters of Large Antenna of ROT-54/2.6 Tell about Absence of Big Bang
Journal of Astrophysics: Reports. — National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 2007, v. 107, no. 1. 73-78.
http://rnas.asj-oa.am/2542/1/73.pdf
The aforementioned paper by Professor Herouni has just been reinstated as item 7 (the last) in JAE V.2., N.2 (not the original V.2., N.1) 1999.
It has no page numbers and is a pdf file of scanned images of the pages of the original paper. One can simply compare
with adjacent papers to notice the change.
Here is the link to the zip file of all papers in V.2, N.2, 1999. http://jae.ece.ntua.gr/archive/1999/vol2no2_June1999.zip
The general archive page is here: http://jae.ece.ntua.gr/archive/archive_index.html
Article in Russian on Herounis antenna:https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2016/06...
Herouni P. M. The First Radio-Optical Telescope, Antennas and Propagation:
Trans. of the Sixth International Conference ICAP-89.
Coventry, UK: IET Conference Publications, April 4, 1989, v. 1, no. 301, 540-546. INSPEC[en] Accession Number: 3417018
P. Herouni Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_H...
P. Herouni Armenian link: https://www.sci.am/membersview.php?l=...
Article on P. Hourini - see about 1/2 way down on this link:
https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/armen...
Sargsyan A. Different objects observation on the Radio-optical Telescope ROT-54/2/6, WESTNIK IAELPS, vol.8, #7, Saint-Petersburg, 2003.
Sargsyan A. et al, Analysis of Feeding Systems for Double Reflector Spherical Antennas , IRPhE’2012,
“Gitutiun†Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, p.219-227, Yerevan, 2013.
Sargsyan A. et al, Investigating and simulating the mechanical deformations impact on the field distribution in the antenna aperture
for the ROT-54/2.6 radio optical telescope, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Lightweight Structure and Reflector
Antennas, p. 346-355, Georgia, 2018.
J.M. Lamarre, et al., Planck-HFI,its Calibration and its connexions with HSO calibrations
http://herschel.esac.esa.int/Hcal/documents/Lamarre.pdf (accessed on 5/29/2020)
P.M. Robitaille, The Planck Satellite LFI and the Microwave Background: Importance of the 4 K Reference Targets, Progr. Phys. 2010, v. 6, no. 3, 11-18.
http://ptep-online.com/2010/PP-22-02.PDF
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., was a professor of Radiology at The Ohio State University from 1989-2019, and also held an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. Readings from this equipment brought into question fundamental aspects of modern thermal physics, such as Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: http://spaceweathernews.com/
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov/
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org/
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org/
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE Searching for the Monopole - The Cosmic Microwave Background!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vsuWNUx8e3Q/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Saha Equation & the Pressure above the Photosphere!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
Reactions in the Chromosphere of the Sun!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHD06X51o-k
What Elements are in the Sun?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GqQWExwrtE
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
Dr. P.M. Robitaille | OTF2019 | Revelations Through MRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5vIUcnKlI
P.M. Robitaille, Forty Lines of Evidence for Condensed Matter - The Sun on Trial: Liquid Metallic Hydrogen as a Solar Building Block, Progr. Phys. 2013, 90-142. http://www.ptep-online.com/2013/PP-35-16.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille, Liquid Metallic Hydrogen: A Building Block for the Liquid Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 60-74.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-07.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille, The Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Model of the Sun and the Solar Atmosphere IV. On the Nature of the Chromosphere, Progr. Phys., 2013, 3, L15-L21. http://www.ptep-online.com/2013/PP-34-L6.PDF
A.R. Choudhuri, How the Saha ionization equation was discovered,
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1810/1810.10898.pdf
M.H. Saha, LIII. Ionization in the solar chromosphere. Phil. Mag. Ser. 6, 1920, 40(238), 472–488. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786441008636148?journalCode=tphm17
M.N. Saha, On a Physical Theory of Stellar Spectra, Proc. Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1921, 99(697): 135–153. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.1921.0029
E.A. Milne, Obituary Notice of R. H. Fowler (1889-1944), Obituary Notices of the Fellows of the Royal Society, 1945, 5, 61-78.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/769110?seq=1
R.H. Fowler and E.A. Milne, The intensities of absorption lines in the stellar spectra, and the temperatures and pressures in the reversing layers of stars, Monthly Notic. Roy. Astron. Soc. 1923, 83, 403-424.
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/83/7/403/1022720
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Link to Dr. Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE The Saha Equation & the Pressure above the Photosphere!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vt_wnyewBm0/mqdefault.jpg)


