Uploaded January 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Besides the Big Five narrative histories of Alexander, a wide variety of other ancient sources talk about him and his campaign from stray mentions to more extended anecdotes and even essays. These run the gamut from contemporary Greek authors (Demosthenes, Aeschines, Hypereides ... Aristotle *kinda*), to later Greek and Latin authors: Strabo, Seneca, Plutarch, Aelian Tacitus, Athenaeus, Polyaenus, Lucian, Pausanias, Aelian, and Diogenes Laertus. Each at least mention him, and I introduce them all in brief. (There were some others I pass over in the interest of time.)
At 18:00, I accidentally refer to Athenaeus as Athenasius, apologies. It's a mistake I make now and then, annoyingly, as I teach about both of them, so my tongue gets twisted. Just want to clarify, as they've very different!
Besides the Big Five narrative histories of Alexander, a wide variety of other ancient sources talk about him and his campaign from stray mentions to more extended anecdotes and even essays. These run the gamut from contemporary Greek authors (Demosthenes, Aeschines, Hypereides ... Aristotle *kinda*), to later Greek and Latin authors: Strabo, Seneca, Plutarch, Aelian Tacitus, Athenaeus, Polyaenus, Lucian, Pausanias, Aelian, and Diogenes Laertus. Each at least mention him, and I introduce them all in brief. (There were some others I pass over in the interest of time.)
At 18:00, I accidentally refer to Athenaeus as Athenasius, apologies. It's a mistake I make now and then, annoyingly, as I teach about both of them, so my tongue gets twisted. Just want to clarify, as they've very different!




![Mutiny! When Alexander Faced Opposition
The Mutiny at Opis was the only true mutiny against Alexander; here I discuss what set it off, and how Alexander handled it. Does include some brief-ish discussion of the incident on the Hyphasis, and why it was not a mutiny, and not even an actual incident, but was pumped up by the needs of later authors and conceptions of Alexander not as conqueror of Persia, but world conqueror. The military dust-up at Opis, however, was a genuine moment of rebellion among the Macedonian rank-and-file that apparently took Alexander by genuine surprise.
Ancient sources mentioned/read:
Plutarchs Life of Alexander 71.1; Arrians Anabasis 7.8.1-3
(Diodorus and Curtius mentioned in passing.)
Ancient units: Epigoni (Persian infantry successors armed with sarissai), Silver Shields/Hypaspists (Macedonian guard); Golden Apple Bearers (Persian guard unit from Immortals); Companion Cavalry.
Greek word mentioned: huperorao [ὑπεροράω], to show contempt for
Modern articles referenced:
Mission Accomplished: Alexander at the Hyphasis, Timothy Howe and Sabine Müller, Ancient History Bulletin 26 (2012): 21-38.
Changes & Challenges at Alexanders Court, Jeanne Reames, in The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great, D. Ogden, ed. Cambridge, 2024: 192-225. Mutiny! When Alexander Faced Opposition](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xDXY2f3TY3g/mqdefault.jpg)
