Mining Beach Sand for Titanium Dioxide 1954 National Lead Company @markdcatlin

markdcatlin | Mining Beach Sand for Titanium Dioxide 1954 National Lead Company @markdcatlin | Uploaded August 2014 | Updated October 2024, 8 hours ago.
The initial discovery of the rare mineral deposit in India was on the western coast as placer deposits on beaches near Kollam, north of the capital city, Thiruvananthapuram in the coastal state of Kerala, India. Production of titanium dioxide commenced on these beaches in 1951. In the year 1909, the presence of the mineral monazite was observed in coir, a coconut fiber, shipped to Germany from India. He traced back to the place from where the coir was exported and this lead to the discovery of the deposits on the western coast of India, in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore. As thorium nitrate, a chemical produced from the mineral monazite was in good demand at that time for the production of mantles for gas lights, efforts started immediately for recovery of monazite from this deposit. Even though with the advent of electricity, the demand for gas lights and in turn that for thorium nitrate diminished, interest in these deposits continued since by that time technology developed for the production of titanium dioxide from the mineral Ilmenite. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), is a an insoluble white powder used extensively in many commercial products, including paint, cosmetics, plastics, paper and food, as an anticaking or whitening agent. This is clipped from the 1954 film, The Ninth Element, produced by the Titanium Pigment Corporation, a subsidiary of the National Lead Company. mining, factory, mill, spinning globe, laboratory, test labs, minerals Thanks to the Prelinger Archives for saving this film and making it available on the Internet Archive. Learn more on the wonderful Prelinger Archive at archive.org/details/prelinger.

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$Safety Glass Impact Testing 1937 US Bureau of Mines Ford Motor Company Safety glass testing standards were published in the 1930s. The impact test consisted of dropping a half-pound steel ball bearing onto a sheet of glass approximately 12 square, from a height of 10 feet. This is a hard body test. Laminated glass could crack when tested, but in 3 tests out of 5 the steel ball could not pass through the glass. Heat-treated glass could not crack in 3 out of 5 tests. The successful test specimens were then impacted by raising the drop height of the steel ball in 12 inch increments, until the ball did penetrate the specimen. This 1936 safety glass Standard was written for automotive applications, presumably to reflect the risk associated with hard body stones impacting a car windshield, an example discussed in my Introduction. Similar impact tests still exist in the automotive industry. A second impact test in the 1936 Standard dropped a leather bag filled with eleven pounds of shot, four feet, to observe the behavior of glass when subjected to impact from a large object. This test may very well have been developed to simulate the effect of a persons head impacting the windshield, in an accident.Safety glass is a stronger, safer version of ordinary glass. It is often used in locations where human harm due to breakage is likely, such as cars and low windows. It is found in two forms - laminated safety glass, commonly found in car windshields and tempered safety glass which fractures parallel to its edge rather than perpendicular, and when it shatters, it breaks into small, rounded, generally safe pieces. This clip is taken from the 1937 silent film from the US Bureau of Mines and the Ford Motor Company. The film shows how sand rock and silica sand were quarried, dried, and shipped to a glass plant, where they were melted and made into sheets of glass. To make the safety glass, cellulose acetate is placed between sheets of glass and, after various processes, safety glass is produced. The entire film is available at the US National Archive in College Park, Maryland.$

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