Uploaded September 2022 | Updated September 2026, 9 hours ago
In this video, we take a look at a forgotten holiday that was perhaps as important as Christmas or Easter, called "Michaelmas". We explore what it was, and why it may have disappeared.
Find us here too!
Patreon: Patreon.com/Fireoflearning
Lucinox – Our Science Channel: youtube.com/channel/UCM2dfLR3BR0CHuePEDtxAZw
The following music performed by Kevin Macleod Available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
Download available at incompetech.com
Rites
Fairytale Waltz
Celtic Impulse
Atlantean Twilight
Master of The Feast
These songs provided by the YouTube audio library
Vacation Casual
Yonder Hill and Dale
Simple Gifts
Works Cited
[1] Taylor, Rob. "Michaelmas Traditions." Black Country Bugle. October 07, 2010. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20150930145251/http://www.blackcountrybugle.co.uk/Michaelmas-Traditions/story-20144978-detail/story.html
[2] Holweck, Frederick. "St. Michael the Archangel." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. newadvent.org/cathen/10275b.htm
[3] The Holy Bible, Book of Revelation (12:7-9), New International Version biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2012&version=NIV
[4] McGarry, Marion. "The Michaelmas Customs Associated With September 29th in Ireland." RTÉ Brainstorm. https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2019/0926/1078446-september-29th-michaelmas-ireland/
[5] "Michaelmas Bannock." Cook's Info. cooksinfo.com/michaelmas-bannock
[6] "Michaelmas." Encyclopedia Britannica. britannica.com/topic/Michaelmas
[7] Johnson, Ben. "Michaelmas." Historic-UK. 30th August 2021. historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Michaelmas
[8] Warwicker, Michelle. "Are we ready to embrace the Michaelmas goose once again?" BBC Food. 29 September 2012. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20121003010509/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/19731413
[9] Koenig, Chris. "Merry times at the Michaelmas Feast." The Oxford Times. 21st September 2011. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20140327234542/http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/lifestyle/history/9263878.Merry_times_at_the_Michaelmas_Feast
[10] "Hiring and Mop Fairs." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiring_and_mop_fairs
[11] Lozowski, Rachel L. "Honoring St. Michael on His Feastday." Catholic Customs, Tradition in Action. traditioninaction.org/religious/d044_Michel.htm
[12] Schneck, Marcus. "What's special about Mifflin County on Goose Day, September 29?" Penn Live, Patriot News. Sep. 23, 2018. pennlive.com/life/2018/09/whats_special_about_mifflin_co.html
[13] "Michaelmas." Explorethepast.co.uk. explorethepast.co.uk/2016/09/michaelmas
[14] "Helligdagsreformen af 1770." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Article originally in Danish, translated with Google Translate. "The Public Holiday Reform of 1770."
da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helligdagsreformen_af_1770
[15] [November 1783],” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0005-0012. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Diary of John Quincy Adams, vol. 1, November 1779 – March 1786, ed. Robert J. Taylor and Marc Friedlaender. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, pp. 198–206.]
[16] “Memorandum List of Quitrents, 1773,” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-09-02-0322. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series, vol. 9, 8 January 1772 – 18 March 1774, ed. W. W. Abbot and Dorothy Twohig. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994, pp. 431–432.]
[17] “Post Office Instructions to James Parker, 22 April 1757,” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-07-02-0083. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 7, October 1, 1756 through March 31, 1758, ed. Leonard W. Labaree. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963, pp. 194–198.]
Picture Attributions
By William Shakespeare, Isaac Jaggard and Edward Blount (printers) - Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Image Collection http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/wl6u3c, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40907189
By I, Luc Viatour, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3726648
By Nils Tubbesing - Von Nils Tubbesing in die deutschsprachige Wikipedia geladen., CC BY-SA 2.0 de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1698878
By Michael Jaletzke - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2425991
By Amaustan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79528206
By Jürgen Howaldt - Own work, de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=389700
By P L Chadwick,, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91280667
By Lalupa - Own work, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1128342
In this video, we take a look at a forgotten holiday that was perhaps as important as Christmas or Easter, called "Michaelmas". We explore what it was, and why it may have disappeared.
Find us here too!
Patreon: Patreon.com/Fireoflearning
Lucinox – Our Science Channel: youtube.com/channel/UCM2dfLR3BR0CHuePEDtxAZw
The following music performed by Kevin Macleod Available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
Download available at incompetech.com
Rites
Fairytale Waltz
Celtic Impulse
Atlantean Twilight
Master of The Feast
These songs provided by the YouTube audio library
Vacation Casual
Yonder Hill and Dale
Simple Gifts
Works Cited
[1] Taylor, Rob. "Michaelmas Traditions." Black Country Bugle. October 07, 2010. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20150930145251/http://www.blackcountrybugle.co.uk/Michaelmas-Traditions/story-20144978-detail/story.html
[2] Holweck, Frederick. "St. Michael the Archangel." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. newadvent.org/cathen/10275b.htm
[3] The Holy Bible, Book of Revelation (12:7-9), New International Version biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2012&version=NIV
[4] McGarry, Marion. "The Michaelmas Customs Associated With September 29th in Ireland." RTÉ Brainstorm. https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2019/0926/1078446-september-29th-michaelmas-ireland/
[5] "Michaelmas Bannock." Cook's Info. cooksinfo.com/michaelmas-bannock
[6] "Michaelmas." Encyclopedia Britannica. britannica.com/topic/Michaelmas
[7] Johnson, Ben. "Michaelmas." Historic-UK. 30th August 2021. historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Michaelmas
[8] Warwicker, Michelle. "Are we ready to embrace the Michaelmas goose once again?" BBC Food. 29 September 2012. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20121003010509/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/19731413
[9] Koenig, Chris. "Merry times at the Michaelmas Feast." The Oxford Times. 21st September 2011. Archived on Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20140327234542/http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/lifestyle/history/9263878.Merry_times_at_the_Michaelmas_Feast
[10] "Hiring and Mop Fairs." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiring_and_mop_fairs
[11] Lozowski, Rachel L. "Honoring St. Michael on His Feastday." Catholic Customs, Tradition in Action. traditioninaction.org/religious/d044_Michel.htm
[12] Schneck, Marcus. "What's special about Mifflin County on Goose Day, September 29?" Penn Live, Patriot News. Sep. 23, 2018. pennlive.com/life/2018/09/whats_special_about_mifflin_co.html
[13] "Michaelmas." Explorethepast.co.uk. explorethepast.co.uk/2016/09/michaelmas
[14] "Helligdagsreformen af 1770." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Article originally in Danish, translated with Google Translate. "The Public Holiday Reform of 1770."
da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helligdagsreformen_af_1770
[15] [November 1783],” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0005-0012. [Original source: The Adams Papers, Diary of John Quincy Adams, vol. 1, November 1779 – March 1786, ed. Robert J. Taylor and Marc Friedlaender. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, pp. 198–206.]
[16] “Memorandum List of Quitrents, 1773,” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-09-02-0322. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series, vol. 9, 8 January 1772 – 18 March 1774, ed. W. W. Abbot and Dorothy Twohig. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994, pp. 431–432.]
[17] “Post Office Instructions to James Parker, 22 April 1757,” Founders Online, National Archives, founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-07-02-0083. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 7, October 1, 1756 through March 31, 1758, ed. Leonard W. Labaree. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963, pp. 194–198.]
Picture Attributions
By William Shakespeare, Isaac Jaggard and Edward Blount (printers) - Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Image Collection http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/wl6u3c, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40907189
By I, Luc Viatour, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3726648
By Nils Tubbesing - Von Nils Tubbesing in die deutschsprachige Wikipedia geladen., CC BY-SA 2.0 de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1698878
By Michael Jaletzke - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2425991
By Amaustan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79528206
By Jürgen Howaldt - Own work, de, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=389700
By P L Chadwick,, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91280667
By Lalupa - Own work, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1128342
![The Crazy History of Peanuts and Peanut Butter
In this video, we look at the history of peanuts and peanut butter, which spans thousands of years, from their earliest origins, isolated in a corner of the planet, to the ubiquity they enjoy today.
Find us here too!
Patreon: www.Patreon.com/Fireoflearning
Lucinox – Our Science Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCM2dfLR3BR0CHuePEDtxAZw
The following music performed by Kevin Macleod Available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
Download available at incompetech.com
Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G, Movement I (Allegro), BWV 1049 [orig. by JS Bach]
Accralate
These songs provided by the YouTube audio library
Spanish Rose
Harpsichord Fugue
Leaning on the Everlasting Arms
Hickory Hollow
When Johnny Comes Marching Home
Summer Symphony Ball
Sources:
[1] Ray O. Hammons et al. Chapter 1 - Origin and Early History of the Peanut, Peanuts, AOCS Press,
2016, Pages 1-26, ISBN 9781630670382, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-63067-038-2.00001-0.
[2] Smith, Andrew F. Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea (The Food Series). University of Illinois, 2006.
[3] Lindi J. Masur et al. Peanuts and Power in the Andes: The Social Archaeology of Plant Remains from the Virú Valley, Peru, Journal of Ethnobiology, 38(4), 589-609, (21 December 2018)
[4] Moran, Melanie. Earliest-Known Evidence of Peanut, Cotton and Squash Farming Found. EurekAlert!, Vanderbilt University, 28 Jun 2007.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/887796
[5] The History of Peanuts. Virginia Carolinias Peanuts.
https://www.aboutpeanuts.com/peanut-facts/origin-history-of-peanuts
[5] History and Facts. The Peanut Institute. https://peanut-institute.com/peanut-facts/history-of-peanuts-consumption-affordability/
[6] Peanut. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/peanut
[7] Putnam, D.H. et al. Peanut. Alternative Field Crops Manual, Purdue University, 2013.
https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/peanut.html
[8] Peanut Gallery Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_gallery
[9] The History of Peanut Soup. The Virginia Marketplace Blog, 19 Sep. 2012. https://thevirginiamarketplace.blogspot.com/2012/09/peanut-soup-mix-considered-asouthern.html?m=1
[10] Domonoske, Camila. A Legume With Many Names: The Story Of Goober. NPR.org, 20 Apr. 2014. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/20/304585019/a-legume-with-many-names-the-story-of-goober
[11] Peanut. Etymonline.
https://www.etymonline.com/word/peanut#:~:text=From%20Old%20English%20pise%20(West,of%20other%20legumes%20as%20well.
[12] Mujahid, Suliman. Bad News For U.S. Farmers: Europeans Still Dont Eat Much Peanut Butter. NPR.org, 4 Dec. 2012. https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/11/30/166249335/bad-news-for-u-s-farmers-europeans-still-think-peanut-butter-is-nasty
[13] Rhodes, Jesse. The Legumes of War: How Peanuts Fed the Confederacy. Smithsonian Magazine, 19 Apr. 2012. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-legumes-of-war-how-peanuts-fed-the-confederacy-70737510/?no-ist
[14] Peanut Butter. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_butter
[15] Peanut. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut
[16] Wheeling, Kate. A Brief History of Peanut Butter. Smithsonian Magazine, Jan. 2021.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/brief-history-peanut-butter-180976525/
[17] Michaud, Jon. A Chunky History of Peanut Butter. The New Yorker, 28 Nov. 2012.
https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/a-chunky-history-of-peanut-butter
Picture attributions
https://www.patreon.com/posts/65224488 (Can be viewed by the public, not just patrons) The Crazy History of Peanuts and Peanut Butter](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/yw5vL7ndowQ/mqdefault.jpg)

![Americas Most Famous Ghosts - Documentary
The following music performed by Kevin Macleod Available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
Download available at incompetech.com
Dreams Become Real
Decline
Falling Rain
Night of Chaos
Fantastic Dim Bar
Aftermath
Apprehension
Fire Prelude
Blue Sizzle
Lightless Dawn
Phantasm
Works Cited
[1] Killed in Crash. Chicago Tribune, Mar 12, 1934, p.5.
https://www.newspapers.com/article/19556091/chicago-illinois-resurrection-mary/
[2] Hunting a Ghost Named Mary. Chicago Tribune, Oct. 31, 1985.
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-10-31-8503140599-story.html
[3] Williamson, Elizabeth. Deathly Dancer. Chicago Tribune, 25 Oct, 1992.
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-10-25-9204060394-story.html
[4] Kaczmarek, Dale. Windy City Ghosts. Ghost Research Society Press, 2005, pp. 113-123
[5] Galvan, Jojo. Resurrection Mary, The Hitchhiking Ghost of Archer Avenue. Chicago History Museum, 25 Oct, 2022. https://www.chicagohistory.org/resurrection-mary/
[6] Unsolved Mysteries, Season 6, Episode 15. Cosgrove/Meurer Productions, directed by David Massar, 12 Jan, 1994.
[7] Chicago Quirk. Meet Chicagos Most Famous Ghost: Resurrection Mary. Chicago Now, 17 Oct, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20181019095725/http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-quirk/2011/10/meet-chicagos-most-famous-ghost-resurrection-mary/
[8] Chicagos most famous GHOST - Resurrection Mary. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9R5Ruk6twI
[9] Chavez, Patty. MEET RICHARD CROWE: DEPAUL ALUMNUS AND GHOST HUNTER. DePaul Newsline, 23 Oct. 2019.
https://resources.depaul.edu/newsline/sections/into-the-archives/Pages/Richard-Crowe.aspx
[10] Spektor, Brandon. Dark Watchers Have Been Spooking California Hikers For Centuries. What Are They? Live Science, 15 Mar, 2021. https://www.livescience.com/dark-watchers-california-optical-illusion.html
[11] Dowd, Katie. For Centuries, Big Sur Residents Have Seen Dark Watchers in the Mountains. SFGate, 10 Mar, 2021.https://www.sfgate.com/local/editorspicks/article/dark-watchers-santa-lucia-range-stories-steinbeck-16012812.php
[12] Dunning, B. Dark Watchers. Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 7 Jun 2016. Web. 6 Jan 2024. https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4522
[13] Dark Warchers. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Watchers
[14] Ingram, M.V. An Authenticated History of the Famous Bell Witch. Rare Book Reprints, 1961, originally published 1894.
[15] Brown, Alan. Haunted Tennessee: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena of the Volunteer State. Stackpole Books, 2009, pp. 71 - 76.
https://books.google.com/books?id=mSLiFwJzOH4C&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false
[16] Hudson, Arthur Palmer, and Pete Kyle McCarter. “The Bell Witch of Tennessee and Mississippi: A Folk Legend.” The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 47, no. 183, 1934, pp. 45–63
[17] Dunning, B. Demystifying the Bell Witch. Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 9 Sep 2008. Web. 6 Jan 2024. https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4118
[18] Nickell, Joe. The ‘Bell Witch’ Poltergeist. Skeptical Inquirer, Investigative Files, Volume 38, No. 1, 2014. https://skepticalinquirer.org/2014/01/the-bell-witch-poltergeist/
[19] Springfields Ghost. Article clipped from The Tennessean, Apr. 28, 1890, clipped by jlkeel.
https://www.newspapers.com/article/7564477/the_tennessean/
[20] Abrams, Garry. Tangled Tales From the Crypt? : For 3 Years, Jackie Hernandez Says She Was Followed by a Pair of Puzzling and Persistent Ghosts. Los Angeles Times, 23 MAR. 1993.
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-03-23-vw-14352-story.html
[21] Conrad, Barry. An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting. Bar Con, 1997, viewed here: https://youtu.be/NsRHnm4sODs
[22] Jackie Hernandez: Interview on The San Pedro Haunting. P1 & 2. Barry Conrad, (1992)
https://youtu.be/cMGHuqKMdSs
[23] Conrad, Barry. An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting. Dorrance Publishing, 2009
[24] Bolick, J.S. The Return of the Gray Man. Jacobs Press, 1961.
[25] The Gray Man. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gray_Man_(ghost)
[26] Thomason, John. The Ghosts of Georgetown County. Oxford American, 27 Feb, 2020.
https://oxfordamerican.org/magazine/issue-108/the-ghosts-of-georgetown-county
[27] Unsolved Mysteries. Season 3. Episode 7. Directed by Keva Rosenfeld, Cosgrove/Meurer Productions, October 31, 1990. NBC.
[28] Renaud, Tim. Haunted History: The Gray Man of Pawleys Island. WCBD News 2.
https://www.counton2.com/haunted-history/haunted-history-the-gray-man-of-pawleys-island/amp/
[29] Watts, Alexis. Hurricanes, history and hauntings. University of South Carolina, 26 Oct, 2022.
https://sc.edu/uofsc/posts/2022/10/1822_hurricane_gray_man.php
[30] https://youtube.com/watch?v=Nl7oZEuYb8M&feature=share8
Picture Attributions available here to the public:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/88833483?pr=true Americas Most Famous Ghosts - Documentary](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zIVOpy5MjAs/mqdefault.jpg)