Uploaded September 2017 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
An overview of Mendelian Genetics!
Genetics can be complex; knowledge of genotypes and phenotypes allow us to predict the probability of offspring displaying certain characteristics or traits. Dominant and recessive traits are passed from parent to offspring in the form of alleles; each offspring receives one allele from each parent. The offspring may be homozygous or heterozygous for a given trait.
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology!
[BOGObiology]. (2017, September 11). Mendelian Genetics. [Video File]. Retrieved from youtu.be/_478UemZ-2E
#genetics #genotype #phenotype #hybrid
An overview of Mendelian Genetics!
Genetics can be complex; knowledge of genotypes and phenotypes allow us to predict the probability of offspring displaying certain characteristics or traits. Dominant and recessive traits are passed from parent to offspring in the form of alleles; each offspring receives one allele from each parent. The offspring may be homozygous or heterozygous for a given trait.
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology!
[BOGObiology]. (2017, September 11). Mendelian Genetics. [Video File]. Retrieved from youtu.be/_478UemZ-2E
#genetics #genotype #phenotype #hybrid
![Leaf Structure and Function
Leaves come in many shapes and sizes. This video walks through the major internal cell types, including the waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, bundle sheath cells, stomata and trichomes. It reviews the structure and function of each component, and connects each back to the process of photosynthesis, including the specialized C4 Pathway.
Photosynthesis Study Guide: https://etsy.me/2M9R8ak
Chapters:
00:00-00:19 Introduction
00:19-00:32 Reagents and Products of Photosynthesis
00:32-00:44 Types of Leaves
00:44-1:01 Waxy Cuticle
1:02-1:22 Upper Epidermis
1:22-1:47 Palisade Mesophyll/Palisade Parenchyma
1:48-2:11 Spongy Mesophyll/Spongy Parenchyma
2:12-2:33 Vascular Bundle: Xylem
2:33-2:46 Vascular Bundle: Phloem
2:47-3:07 Vascular Bundle: Bundle Sheath Cells
3:08-3:17 Lower Epidermis
3:18-3:49 Stomata & Guard Cells
3:50-4:14 Carbon Fixation in the Calvin Cycle
4:14-4:41 C4 Pathway: Dry Climate Adaptations
4:41-5:27 Trichomes & Terpenes
5:28-5:33 Review Questions
Waxy Cuticle:
Hydrophobic waxy layer that minimizes water loss via transpiration
Upper Epidermis:
Tightly packed translucent cells to minimize water loss via transpiration
Palisade Mesophyll:
Tightly packed column shaped cells, which are the main site of photosynthesis. They contain many chloroplasts.
Spongy Mesophyll:
Loosely packed irregular cells containing a few chloroplasts. The air space in between allows for gas exchange.
Vascular Bundle:
Set of tissues that transport products around the plant
Xylem:
Upward flowing tubes that transport water from the roots to the leaves
Phloem:
Up and down flowing tubes that transport glucose and other products of photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Bundle sheath cells:
Tightly packed cells surrounding the vascular bundle, which can play a key role in photosynthesis in hot dry environments
Stomata:
These openings allow gas exchange in and out of the leaf. The guard cells open and close in response to the environment.
Trichomes:
Tiny hair-like protrusions on leaf surfaces. These can deter insects, and some contain strong-smelling compounds known as terpenes. Some common terpenes include those found in citrus fruits, pine, lavender and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology! Copy and Paste the Following APA Citation:
[BOGObiology]. (2021, May 11). Leaf Structure and Function. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/_y-HCi7mJjM
NGSS: HS-LS1-5 Leaf Structure and Function](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_y-HCi7mJjM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Viruses and Virus Replication
This video reviews the fundamental concepts surrounding viruses. It covers viral structure, the Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycles of virus replication, types of vaccines, antiviral drugs and, of course the coronavirus SARS CoV-2.
Video Chapters
0:00-0:38 Introduction
0:38-1:28 What are viruses?
1:28-2:19 Virus Morphology
2:19-2:45 Viral Capsids
2:45-3:05 Viral Hosts
3:05-3:47 COVID-19
3:47-3:58 Viruses Hijacking Cells
3:58-4:22 Are Viruses Alive?
4:22-5:41 Lytic Cycle of Viral Replication
5:41-6:39 Lysogenic Cycle of Viral Replication
6:39-6:58 Preventing Infections
6:58-8:14 Types of Vaccines
8:14-9:18 Antiviral Medications (e.g. Tamiflu and NRTIs)
Virus structures include helical viruses, polyhedral viruses, spherical viruses (which includes coronaviruses) and complex viruses. Helical viruses include the tobacco mosaic virus. Polyhedral viruses include polio, hepatitis A, B & C, and adenoviruses. Spherical viruses include the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, in addition to influenza. Complex viruses include the T4 bacteriophage.
Replication can involve the lytic cycle either independently or in conjunction with the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, a virus attaches to a host, replicates, then the cell bursts and releases still more viruses. The lysogenic cycle includes adding a piece of bacterial genetic material into the host cells genome.
This video also reviews the principles behind vaccines and antiviral medications, such as Tamiflu.
SOME OF THE SOURCES I USED TO MAKE THIS VIDEO:
VIRUSES:
CDC: Antigenic Characterization https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/professionals/antigenic.htm
UC Berkeley
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/virus.html
Scientific American
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-viruses-alive-2004/
VACCINES:
CDC: “How do Vaccines help babies fight infections” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7DGeWlKu0Q
Medline.gov:
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002024.htm
ANTI-VIRALS:
Harvard: What you should know about antiviral drugs https://www.health.harvard.edu/drugs-and-medications/what-you-should-know-about-antiviral-drugs
Contents of this video:
00:00 - Intro
00:39 - What is a Virus?
01:34 - Virus Morphology
2:45 - COVID 19
3:47 - Virus Replication Lytic Cycle
5:49 - Virus Replication Lysogenic Cycle
6:39 - Combatting Viruses
6:58 - Introduction to Vaccines
7:20 - Types of Vaccines
8:14 - Anti-Viral Drugs
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology! Copy and Paste the Following APA Citation:
[BOGObiology]. (2020, March 29). Going Viral: Viruses, Replication and COVID-19. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/b1_pWNUDxSo Viruses and Virus Replication](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/b1_pWNUDxSo/mqdefault.jpg)
![ATP in Photosynthesis
This is an introduction to the concept of ATP, a key molecule in many areas of biology. Here, we liken ATP to a rechargeable energy currency. ATP is the currency used by cells, but it is not the energy we get from food. Food energy cannot be directly used to power cells; instead it is broken down and that energy is harnessed to recharge spent ATP molecules.
ATP is recharged in a cycle. Its high energy form is called ATP and stores energy within its bonds. After the molecule has had some of the bonds broken, it releases energy and becomes its low energy form called ADP. ADP can be recharged through the process of cellular respiration for later use.
Dont plagiarize! Cite BOGObiology!
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology!
[BOGObiology]. (2015, June 19). Photosynthesis 1 ATP Introduction. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSycFsWyxbM ATP in Photosynthesis](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bSycFsWyxbM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Mendelian Genetics: The Dihybrid Cross
Another key topic in Mendelian Genetics is the DiHybrid Cross; working on the probability that TWO traits will be inherited. This video tutorial covers gametes, alleles and several example crosses.
00:00- Introduction
0:14-0:32 Mendelian Genetics
0:32-1:02 Haploid Gametes, Diploid Offspring
1:03-1:57 Homozygous vs Heterozygous
1:57-2:44 Homozygous Dominant x Homozygous Recessive Punnet Square
2:44-3:50 DiHybrid Cross
3:50-4:07 Genotypes from Dihybrid Cross
4:07-4:32 Phenotypes from Dihybrid Cross
4:33-5:43 Practice Punnet Square
Avoid plagiarism! Cite BOGObiology!
[BOGObiology]. (2017, September 18). Mendelian Genetics: The Dihybrid Cross. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkk 2G2Zw&feature=youtu.be
#genetics #dihybridcross #punnetsquare Mendelian Genetics: The Dihybrid Cross](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bkk__-2G2Zw/mqdefault.jpg)
![Easy How to Use the Flipped Classroom Teaching Method!
I started flipping my classroom a few years ago after seeing some of my amazing colleagues tinkering with the approach. I love how much more time it gives me to do more project based learning, inquiry and differentiation during the class day! This student-centered approach is also more engaging for the students AND more fun for me, the teacher.
Below are the steps I use when I flip a lesson:
1) Decide which content to flip
2) Create or select an appropriate video
3) Decide where to place it in the unit and assign the video
4) Check for understanding
5) Engage in an interesting follow up activity
Please leave a comment and share your favorite way of flipping the classroom and/or your most effective student-centered activities!
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[BOGObiology]. (2017, January 4). Easy How to Use the Flipped Classroom Teaching Method!. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/eplhNzbjeMk Easy How to Use the Flipped Classroom Teaching Method!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eplhNzbjeMk/mqdefault.jpg)




![Chloroplasts, Pigments And Photosystems in Photosynthesis
This is a description of the interactions between chloroplasts, pigments and photosystems; AKA the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Plants use organelles called chloroplasts to harvest light energy to perform photosynthesis. This light energy is used to power the portion of photosynthesis called the Light Dependent Reactions. During the Light Dependent Reactions, water, photons of light come from the sun and activate 3 processes; the making of ATP, the making of NADPH and the photolysis of water. The components of the broken up water molecule, H+, H+, O and some electrons, are each used. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere as an oxygen molecule, and the hydrogens are tapped to create a gradient to drive the processes of creating ATP. The electrons are used to spur the creation of NADPH. The ATP and NADPH then go on to power the Light Independent Reactions, aka the Calvin Cycle.
Dont Plagiarize! Cite BOGObiology!
[BOGObiology]. (2015, June 19). Photosynthesis 3 Chloroplasts Pigments and Photosystems. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGIeJKPPF6o&t=5s Chloroplasts, Pigments And Photosystems in Photosynthesis](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jGIeJKPPF6o/mqdefault.jpg)
![Homeostasis and Negative Feedback Loops
This video covers homeostasis; the dynamic equilibrium that organisms work to maintain in order to survive. Two examples of homeostasis in the human body are body temperature and blood glucose, both of which are essential for survival. Featuring the Simpsons, this video also covers negative feedback loops as well as the basics of passive and active transport.
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[BOGObiology]. (2016, December 3. 5 Minute Bio – Homeostasis. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/kAy-03hIfck
NGSS and AP Standards: (AP LO 2.12; HS-LS 1-3) Homeostasis and Negative Feedback Loops](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kAy-03hIfck/mqdefault.jpg)