Uploaded June 2022 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
For most of human history, we didn't know that galaxies were a thing. So over the past century, astronomers have been working to understand how galaxies come to be and how they evolve over time. And for a full decade, there was one telescope helping to light the way.
Hosted By: Hank Green
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks!
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Sources:
https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March01/Marcum/Marcum2.html
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/main+sequence+lifetime
britannica.com/science/red-dwarf-star
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/about/overview.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-01f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-05f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2009-01r.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2010-03f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html
jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/galex.pdf
asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/galex/Documents/MissionOverview.html
nasa.gov/content/hubble-space-telescope-advanced-camera-for-surveys
iopscience.iop.org/issue/0067-0049/173/2
Images:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swimming_in_Sculptor.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_spacecraft_model.png
gettyimages.com/detail/photo/night-sky-with-stars-and-soft-milky-way-universe-as-royalty-free-image/971578384?adppopup=true
gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/set-of-electromagnetic-spectrum-diagram-or-royalty-free-illustration/1311362176?adppopup=true
gettyimages.com/detail/photo/blue-hot-sun-royalty-free-image/157505921?adppopup=true
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morgan-Keenan_spectral_classification.png
flickr.com/photos/gsfc/3927825968
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atmospheric_Transmission.png
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Pegasus.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2005-02r_img08.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Field_of_View.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2016-01f_img01.html
nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_972.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img02.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img05.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abell_S740,_cropped_to_ESO_325-G004.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img01.html
nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/big-brother-milky-way.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_cluster_PLCK_G004.5-19.5_A_window_into_the_cosmic_past.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MACSJ1423.8%2B2404.jpg
nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/galex20100811.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NGC4676.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer,_2003.jpg
For most of human history, we didn't know that galaxies were a thing. So over the past century, astronomers have been working to understand how galaxies come to be and how they evolve over time. And for a full decade, there was one telescope helping to light the way.
Hosted By: Hank Green
----------
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks!
Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: patreon.com/SciShowSpace
Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: dftba.com/scishow
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
SciShow on TikTok: tiktok.com/@scishow
SciShow Tangents Podcast: scishowtangents.org
Facebook: facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: twitter.com/scishow
Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow
----------
Sources:
https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March01/Marcum/Marcum2.html
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/main+sequence+lifetime
britannica.com/science/red-dwarf-star
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/about/overview.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-01f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-05f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2009-01r.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2010-03f.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html
jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/galex.pdf
asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/galex/Documents/MissionOverview.html
nasa.gov/content/hubble-space-telescope-advanced-camera-for-surveys
iopscience.iop.org/issue/0067-0049/173/2
Images:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swimming_in_Sculptor.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_spacecraft_model.png
gettyimages.com/detail/photo/night-sky-with-stars-and-soft-milky-way-universe-as-royalty-free-image/971578384?adppopup=true
gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/set-of-electromagnetic-spectrum-diagram-or-royalty-free-illustration/1311362176?adppopup=true
gettyimages.com/detail/photo/blue-hot-sun-royalty-free-image/157505921?adppopup=true
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morgan-Keenan_spectral_classification.png
flickr.com/photos/gsfc/3927825968
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atmospheric_Transmission.png
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Pegasus.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2005-02r_img08.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Field_of_View.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2016-01f_img01.html
nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_972.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img02.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img05.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abell_S740,_cropped_to_ESO_325-G004.jpg
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img01.html
nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/big-brother-milky-way.html
http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_cluster_PLCK_G004.5-19.5_A_window_into_the_cosmic_past.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MACSJ1423.8%2B2404.jpg
nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/galex20100811.html
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NGC4676.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer,_2003.jpg










![The Legendary Arecibo Radiotelescope
All telescopes work by gathering light from the stars, but one held the crown for square footage for collecting that light for 53 years. The amazing Arecibo.
Hosted By: Reid Reimers
SciShow is on TikTok! Check us out at https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow
Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: GrowingViolet, Jason A Saslow, Andy Griffith, and Heriberto Bustos!
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Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
[Sources]
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~sstanimi/Students/daltschuler_2.pdf
https://www.naic.edu/ao/telescope-description
https://www.science.org/news/2021/01/how-famed-arecibo-telescope-fell-and-how-it-might-rise-again
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ASPC...75...90G/abstract
https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/timeline/arecibo-observatory
https://www.naic.edu/ao/ngat
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/04/05/the-collapse-of-puerto-ricos-iconic-telescope
https://www.naic.edu/~pradar/radarpage.html
https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/arecibo/Arecibo_Fact_Sheet_11_20.pdf
IMAGES
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/looking-for-the-stars-gm825925112-134424765
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_radio_telescope_SJU_06_2019_6144.jpg
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1127/10-things-to-know-about-the-ionosphere/
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/puerto-rico-political-map-gm470547658-62568224
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_Radiotelescopio_Panamorama_SJU_06_2019_7446.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_Observatory_Aerial.jpg
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/venus-magellan-and-arecibo-comparison
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercury_in_true_color.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssHkMWcGat4&ab_channel=NationalScienceFoundation
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/satellite-receiver-for-tv-signal-gm988544750-268033235 The Legendary Arecibo Radiotelescope](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4y68D390KxU/mqdefault.jpg)