Uploaded March 2014 | Updated September 2026, 3 hours ago

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This tutorial explains the basics of Linux file permissions.
There are 3 basic permissions in Linux which are r w and x. Which stand for Read Write and Execute.

Each file on a Linux system has permissions set for it which govern access to the file. File permissions are divided into 3 sets which are:
User or owner permissions
Group permissions
and world permissions which are the permission for users that are not the owner of the file and are not part of the group.

The command line utility that is used to change file permissions is called chmod which enables you to change a files mode bits (permissions).

Chmod allows you to modify mode bits in many different ways. This tutorial shows you how to modify them using the symbolic notation method.

This tutorial demonstrates how to use chmod to add subtract and set file permissions for a given file in Linux for the owner, group and everyone else.

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Please watch: "virtualbox vs vmware virtual machine in virtual machine?"
youtube.com/watch?v=dLuFljsM688
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