Uploaded September 2017 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Links to all of Robitaille's papers:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Classic papers on blackbody radiation:
1. Kirchhoff G. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Emission und Absorption von Licht und. Wärme. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, sessions of Dec. 1859, 1860, 783–787.
2. Kirchhoff G. Über das Verhältnis zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermogen. der Körper fur Wärme und Licht. Poggendorfs Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1860, v. 109, 275–301.
3. Guthrie: Kirchhoff G. On the relation between the radiating and the absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat. Phil. Mag., 1860, ser. 4, v. 20, 1–21).
4. Wien W. Über die Energieverteilung in Emissionspektrum eines schwarzen Körpers. Ann. Phys., 1896, v. 58, 662–669.
5. Stefan J. Über die Beziehung zwischen der Warmestrahlung und der Temperature. Sitzungsberichte der mathematischnatur wissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1879, v. 79, 391–428.
6. Planck M. Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum.
Annalen der Physik, 1901, v. 4, 553–563 (English translation by ter Haar D.: Planck M. On the theory of the energy distribution in the normal spectrum. The old quantum theory. Pergamon Press, 1967, 82–90; also Planck’s December 14, 1900 lecture Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung in Normalspectrum, which stems from this paper, can be found in either German, or English, in: Kangro H. Classic papers in physics: Planck’s original papers in quantum physics. Taylor & Francis, London, 1972, 6–14 or 38–45).
7. Planck M. The theory of heat radiation. P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1914. gutenberg.org/ebooks/40030
8. Stewart B. An account of some experiments on radiant heat, involving an extension of Prévost’s theory of exchanges. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 1858, v. 22, no. 1, 1–20 (also found in Harper’s Scientific Memoirs, edited by J. S. Ames: The Laws of Radiation and Absorption: Memoirs of Prévost, Stewart, Kirchhoff, and Kirchhoff and Bunsen, translated and edited by D. B. Brace, American Book Company, New York, 1901, 21–50).
9. J.C. De Vos, Evaluation of the quality of a blackbody. Physica, 1954, vol. XX, 669-689.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., is a professor of radiology at The Ohio State University. He also holds an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. This brought on the need to question fundamental aspects of thermal physics, including ideas related to Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission, and more. These presentations are not endorsed by The Ohio State University.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: spaceweathernews.com
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data
IRIS Satellite: nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE
Links to all of Robitaille's papers:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Classic papers on blackbody radiation:
1. Kirchhoff G. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Emission und Absorption von Licht und. Wärme. Monatsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, sessions of Dec. 1859, 1860, 783–787.
2. Kirchhoff G. Über das Verhältnis zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermogen. der Körper fur Wärme und Licht. Poggendorfs Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1860, v. 109, 275–301.
3. Guthrie: Kirchhoff G. On the relation between the radiating and the absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat. Phil. Mag., 1860, ser. 4, v. 20, 1–21).
4. Wien W. Über die Energieverteilung in Emissionspektrum eines schwarzen Körpers. Ann. Phys., 1896, v. 58, 662–669.
5. Stefan J. Über die Beziehung zwischen der Warmestrahlung und der Temperature. Sitzungsberichte der mathematischnatur wissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1879, v. 79, 391–428.
6. Planck M. Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum.
Annalen der Physik, 1901, v. 4, 553–563 (English translation by ter Haar D.: Planck M. On the theory of the energy distribution in the normal spectrum. The old quantum theory. Pergamon Press, 1967, 82–90; also Planck’s December 14, 1900 lecture Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung in Normalspectrum, which stems from this paper, can be found in either German, or English, in: Kangro H. Classic papers in physics: Planck’s original papers in quantum physics. Taylor & Francis, London, 1972, 6–14 or 38–45).
7. Planck M. The theory of heat radiation. P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1914. gutenberg.org/ebooks/40030
8. Stewart B. An account of some experiments on radiant heat, involving an extension of Prévost’s theory of exchanges. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 1858, v. 22, no. 1, 1–20 (also found in Harper’s Scientific Memoirs, edited by J. S. Ames: The Laws of Radiation and Absorption: Memoirs of Prévost, Stewart, Kirchhoff, and Kirchhoff and Bunsen, translated and edited by D. B. Brace, American Book Company, New York, 1901, 21–50).
9. J.C. De Vos, Evaluation of the quality of a blackbody. Physica, 1954, vol. XX, 669-689.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., is a professor of radiology at The Ohio State University. He also holds an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. This brought on the need to question fundamental aspects of thermal physics, including ideas related to Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission, and more. These presentations are not endorsed by The Ohio State University.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: spaceweathernews.com
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data
IRIS Satellite: nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE

![White Dwarfs ARENT Hyper Dense? Quasi-molecules and Spectroscopic Proof!
J.B. Holberg, Sirius Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky, Springer, New York, 2007.
J.B. Holberg, Sirius B and the measurement of the gravitational redshift, J. Hist. Astro. 2010, 41, 41-64.
S.R.G. Joyce, M.A. Barstow, J.B. Holberg, H.E. Bond, S.L. Casewell, and M.R. Burleigh, The gravitational redshift of Sirius B, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2018, 481, 2361-2370.
K. Kidder, J.B. Holberg, and F. Wesemael, A new temperature determination for Sirius B from IUE: Implications for the observed soft X-rays, Lecture Notes on Physics: White Dwarfs, Springer, 2005, 350-353.
J. Halenka, W. Olchawa, J. Madej, and B. Grabowski, Pressure shift and gravitational redshift of Balmer lines in white dwarfs: Rediscussion, Astrophys. J. 2015, 808, 131(10pp).
M. Lemke, Extended VCS Stark broadening tables for hydrogen – Lyman to Bracket series, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 1997, 122, 285-292.
D. Koester, V. Weidemann, E.-M. Zeidler-K.T., and G. Vauclair, The explanation of 1400 and 1600 Å Features in DA white dwarfs, Astron. Astrophys. 1985, 142, L5-L8.
E.P. Neland and G. Wegner, Identification of the 1400 and 1600 Å features observed in the ultraviolet spectra of DA white dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 1985, 289, L31-L33.
J.L. Greenstein, An absorption line in the ultraviolet spectrum of 40 Eridani B, Astrophys. J. 1980, 241, L89-L93.
J.F. Kielkopf and N.F. Allard, Satellites on Lyman Alpha due to H-H and H-H+ collisions, Astrophys. J. 1995, 450, L75-L78.
H. Holweger, D. Koester, and N.F. Allard, Identification of the 1600 Å feature in Lambda Bootis stars, Astron. Astrophys. 1994, 290, L21-L24.
C. Thom and B.K. Gibson, N. Christlieb, A catalog of field horizontal branch stars aligned with high-velocity clouds, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2005, 161, 147-153.
M. Jaschek, B. Bascheck, C. Jaschek, and A. Heck, Observation of λλ 1600 and 3040 features in the spectra of field horizontal branch stars, Astron. Astrophys. 1985, 152, 439-440.
R.O. Gray and C.J. Corbally, Stellar Spectral Classification, Princeton Series in Astrophysics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2009, p. 195.
A.S. Eddington, The internal constitution of the stars, Cambridge University Press, 1926, p. 170-174.
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
The Main Sequence of the Stars: What is the Most Likely Structure?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmNix3Eih20
A Star is Born: Gravitational Collapse vs Condensation Reactions!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJf0MX96ERY
EXTREME Density! The White Dwarf Star, Eddington, and Thermodynamics!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4bcb98W9-4
The Early Years in White Dwarf Research - Gravitational Red Shifts?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbolJBWYBS8
Car Salesmen or Astronomers? Temperature & Red Shifts in Sirius B!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=st6bxU6WmPE
Does the Sun have a Charge?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCPQamGVTeQ
Astrophysics Papers vs Einstein Coefficients: Chemical Coordination & The Second Solar Spectrum! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncIV3sUD7BM
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., was a professor of Radiology at The Ohio State University from 1989-2019, and also held an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. Readings from this equipment brought into question fundamental aspects of modern thermal physics, such as Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission.
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE White Dwarfs ARENT Hyper Dense? Quasi-molecules and Spectroscopic Proof!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/sEz71ULRqEA/mqdefault.jpg)

![Nuclear Reactions in the Sun!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
What Elements are in the Sun?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GqQWExwrtE
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
Dr. P.M. Robitaille | OTF2019 | Revelations Through MRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5vIUcnKlI
P.-M. Robitaille, On the Temperature of the Photosphere: Energy Partition in the Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 89-92.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-10.PDF
D.D. Clayton, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis,McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1968.R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert, Stellar Structure and Evolution,Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
E. M. Burbidge, G. R. Burbidge, W. A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle, Synthesis of the Elements in Stars, Reviews of Modern Physics. 1957, 29 (4), 547-654.https://authors.library.caltech.edu/45747/1/BURrmp57.pdf
C.F. von Weizsäcker, Über Elementumwandlungen in Innern der Sterne I, Physikalische Zeitschrift, 1937, 38, 176–191.
H.A. Bethe, Energy Production in Stars, Physical Review, 1939, 55(1), 541–7. https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.103
H.A. Krebs, W.A. Johnson, Metabolism of ketonic acids in animal tissues, The Biochemical Journal, 1937, 31(4), 645–60.
M. Agostini, et al. (The BOREXINO Collaboration), First Direct Experimental Evidence of CNO neutrinos, 26 June 2020.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15115.pdf
J.N. Bahcall, The Solar Neutrino Problem, Solar Physics, 1985, 100, 53-63. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1985SoPh..100...53B
J.N. Bahcall and C. Pena-Garay, Solar models and solar neutrino oscillations, New J. Phys., 2004, 6, 63.
The Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST): Institute for Solar Physics
https://www.su.se/isf/the-telescope
twitter.com/SkyScholarVideo
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., was a professor of Radiology at The Ohio State University from 1989-2019, and also held an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. Readings from this equipment brought into question fundamental aspects of modern thermal physics, such as Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission.
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: http://spaceweathernews.com/
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov/
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org/
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org/
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov/
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/
IRIS Satellite: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/index.html
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hinode/index.html
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE Nuclear Reactions in the Sun!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/shLjbO7pmFw/mqdefault.jpg)
![Car Salesmen or Astronomers? Temperature & Red Shifts in Sirius B!
J.B. Holberg, Sirius Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky, Springer, New York, 2007.
J.B. Holberg, Sirius B and the measurement of the gravitational redshift, J. Hist. Astro. 2010, 41, 41-64.
R. Mewe, J. Heise, E.H.B.M. Gronenschild, A.C. Brinkman, J. Schrijver, and A.J.F. den Boggende, Detection of X-ray emission from stellar coronae with ANS, Astrophys. J. Letters 1975, 202, L67-L71.
C. Martin, G. Basri, M. Lampton, and S.M. Khan, The soft X-ray spectrum of Sirius B: Evidence for the photospheric hypothesis, Astrophys. J. 1982, 261, L81-L85.
F.B.S. Paerels, J.A.M. Bleeker, A.C. Brinkman, and J. Heise, The High-Resolution Photospheric Soft X-Ray Spectrum of Sirius B, Astrophys. J. 1988, 329, 849-862.
J.B. Holberg, M.A. Barstow, F.C. Bruhweiler, A.M. Cruise and A.J. Penny, Sirius B: A new, more accurate view, Astrophys. J. 1998, 497, 935-942.
J.L. Greenstein, J.B. Oke, H.L. Shipman, Effective temperature, radius, and gravitational red shift of Sirius B, Astrophys. J. 1971, 169, 563-566.
M.A. Barstow, M.R. Burleigh, J.R. Holberg, I. Hubeny, H.E. Bond, and D. Koester, HST observations of the Sirius B Balmer lines, 14th Eur. Workshop on White Dwarfs, ASP Conf. Ser. 2005, 334, 175-180.
M.A. Barstow, H.E. Bond, J.R. Holberg, M.R. Burleigh, I. Hubeny, H.E. and D. Koester, Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopy of the Balmer lines of Sirius B, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2005, 362, 1134-1142.
M.A. Barstow, S. Joyce, S.L. Casewell, J.B. Holberg, H.E. Bond, and
M.R. Burleigh, Sirius B: Confronting the Limits of our Understanding of White Dwarfs, 20th European White Dwarf Workshop, 2017, 509, 383-387.
H.E. Bond, G.H. Schaefer, R.L. Gilliland, J.B. Holberg, B.D. Mason, I.W. Lindenblad, M. Seitz-McLeese, W.D. Arnett, P. Demarque, F. Spada, P.A. Young, M. A. Barstow, M.R. Burleigh, and D. Dudehus, The Sirius system and its astrophysical puzzles: Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based astrometry, Astrophys. J. 2017, 840, 70 (17 pp).
S.R.G. Joyce, M.A. Barstow, J.B. Holberg, H.E. Bond, S.L. Casewell, and M.R. Burleigh, The gravitational redshift of Sirius B, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2018, 481, 2361-2370.
R.O. Gray and C.J. Corbally, Stellar Spectral Classification, Princeton Series in Astrophysics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
A.S. Eddington, The internal constitution of the stars, Cambridge University Press, 1926, p. 170-174.
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
The Main Sequence of the Stars: What is the Most Likely Structure?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmNix3Eih20
A Star is Born: Gravitational Collapse vs Condensation Reactions!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJf0MX96ERY
EXTREME Density! The White Dwarf Star, Eddington, and Thermodynamics!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4bcb98W9-4
The Early Years in White Dwarf Research - Gravitational Red Shifts?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbolJBWYBS8
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars, thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D., was a professor of Radiology at The Ohio State University from 1989-2019, and also held an appointment in the Chemical Physics Program. In 1998, he led the design and assembly of the world’s first Ultra High Field MRI System. Readings from this equipment brought into question fundamental aspects of modern thermal physics, such as Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission.
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE Car Salesmen or Astronomers? Temperature & Red Shifts in Sirius B!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/st6bxU6WmPE/mqdefault.jpg)



![The Jeans Mass - Imaginary Surfaces and the Great Swindle of Astrophysics!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
Dr. P.M. Robitaille | OTF2019 | Revelations Through MRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5vIUcnKlI
P.M. Robitaille, Forty Lines of Evidence for Condensed Matter - The Sun on Trial: Liquid Metallic Hydrogen as a Solar Building Block, Progr. Phys. 2013, 90-142. http://www.ptep-online.com/2013/PP-35-16.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille, Liquid Metallic Hydrogen: A Building Block for the Liquid Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 60-74.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-07.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem, Gravitational Collapse and the Virial Theorem: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics, Progress in Physics, 2018, v. 14, no. 3, 179-1821.
http://ptep-online.com/2018/PP-54-13.PDF
P.-M. Robitaille and S.J. Crothers, Intensive and extensive properties: Thermodynamic balance, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 158-163.
http://shorturl.at/fmCN7
P.-M. Robitaille and S.J. Crothers, Dynamics of the solar wind: Eugene Parker’s treatment and the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 1-4. http://shorturl.at/qtuPW
S.J. Crothers and P.-M. Robitaille, Bekenstein–Hawking black hole entropy, Hawking temperature, and the Unruh effect: Insight from the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2020, 33, 143-148. http://shorturl.at/asC67
S.J. Crothers and P.-M. Robitaille, Eddington’s mass-luminosity relation and the laws of thermodynamics, Physics Essays, 2019, 32, 353-357.
http://shorturl.at/wJPS3
P.M. Robitaille, On the validity of Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal emission. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2003, v. 31, no. 6, 1263–1267.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1265348
P. Robitaille and S. Crothers, The Theory of Heat Radiation Revisited: A Commentary on the Validity of Kirchhoffs Law of Thermal Emission and Max Plancks Claim of Universality, Progr. Physics, 2015, 11(2), 120-132.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2015/PP-41-04.PDF
J.H. Jeans, I. The stability of a spherical nebula, Philosophical Transactions, 1902, 199(312), 1-53.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.1902.0012
M. Falco, et al., Why does the Jeans Swindle work? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Let., 2013, 431(1), L6–L9. https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/431/1/L6/1405569
P.M Robitaille, A Thermodynamic History of the Solar Constitution — II: The Theory of a Gaseous Sun and Jeans’ Failed Liquid Alternative, Progr. Phys. 2011, 3, 41-59. http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-06.PDF
M.K.H. Kiessling, The “Jeans swindle”: A true story—mathematically speaking, Adv. Appl. Math., 2003, 31(1), 132-149.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196885802005560
G. Shaviv, The Synthesis of the Elements: The Astrophysical Quest for Nucleosynthesis what it can tell us about the universe, Springer, Heidelberg, 2012.
Sky Scholar Videos discussing intensive and extensive properties:
1. The FOURTH Law of Thermodynamics? The 4th Law Explained! - 1/25/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8Nm9bnWOTs
2. Intensive and Extensive Properties - A Note of Caution! – 11/21/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nh68Ruqwl18
Sky Scholar Videos discussing gravitational collapse:
1. How are Stars Formed? The Standard Model: Gravitational Collapse, Black Holes, and The Big Bang! - 7/26/2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoqsG7V13G8
2. Does Gravitational Collapse Occur? Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics – 4/28/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtMee3rrHDY
3. Gravitational Thermodynamics - Is it Science? – 6/24/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ2F2Kw5-nQ
4. Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem - Dos and Donts! – 11/1/2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSUtQ6LKXuc
Various Jeans Mass expressions:
1. Cambridge https://shorturl.at/xyMW4
2. Uppsala University https://shorturl.at/jpEIQ
3. Drexel https://shorturl.at/tEOZ3
4. U Iowa https://shorturl.at/iltLV
5. U. Tennessee https://shorturl.at/dwAU8
6. U. of St. Andrews https://shorturl.at/mqzW1
7. R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert, Stellar Structure and Evolution, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, p. 253.
8. K.R. Lang, Essential Astrophysics, Springer, 2013, P. 390
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Link to Dr. Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE The Jeans Mass - Imaginary Surfaces and the Great Swindle of Astrophysics!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/udqNWpbL9dA/mqdefault.jpg)

