Joe Moeller: Hybrid systems as coalgebras: Lyapunov morphisms for Zeno stability @ToposInstitute
Joe Moeller: Hybrid systems as coalgebras: Lyapunov morphisms for Zeno stability  @ToposInstitute
Uploaded June 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Topos Institute Colloquium, 11th of June 2026.
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Both continuous and discrete time dynamical systems have natural notions of stability, and they both admit a Lyapunov theory which classifies stable equilibria. In prior work, we gave a categorical treatment of Lyapunov theory using coalgebras which recovers the continuous and discrete time theories and more as special cases. Many systems that occur in applications are neither purely discrete nor purely continuous in their behavior. Such "hybrid dynamical systems" may exhibit a continuous evolution of state for some time and then make a sudden discontinuous jump. The classic example is a bouncing ball, where an impact with the ground instantaneously changes both the direction and magnitude of the ball's velocity. New types of behavior emerge in hybrid systems. Zeno stability is when the system undergoes infinitely many discrete jumps in finite time (again, think of the bouncing ball). We encode hybrid systems as coalgebras in order to apply our categorical Lyapunov theory. Doing so requires the use of a category of charts, blending the categories of manifolds and sets, as well as a novel endofunctor blending tangent bundle and powerset. This recovers Zeno stability as a special case as well as Lyapunov-type results for certifying Zeno stability that have appeared in the literature. We demonstrate this theory on Lagrangian hybrid systems (mechanical systems with collision) and hybrid periodic orbits (bipedal walking).
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Joe Moeller: Hybrid systems as coalgebras: Lyapunov morphisms for Zeno stability

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