Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 12 hours ago
Jeremy Best, "Shermans and Tigers, and T-34s, Oh My!: Playing Pretend and Playing WWII"
Chair: Brandon Bloch (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
1 February 2024
16:30 CST
Sponsored by:
George L. Mosse Program in History
Center for European Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of History
Professor Jeremy Best's research is on the history of race, religion, and culture in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany. He is especially interested in the history of imagination; the construction of meaning by people and institutions in the past through fantasy, the articulation of those fantasies through cultural expression, and the transformation of that meaning into concrete policy behavior and goals. This interest began with the imaginary internationalism of Protestant missionaries and now turns to military and political policymakers in Germany in the wake of the Holocaust.
His book, "Heavenly Fatherland: German Missionary Culture in the Age of Empire" (University of Toronto Press, 2021), is an analysis of the interaction among German Protestant missionaries, missionized Africans in the colony of German East Africa, and white Protestants in Germany. In this work he investigated the theological, cultural, and political activities of missionaries, missionary societies, and missionary intellectuals in the wider context of Western imperialism and globalization. Missionaries imagined themselves part of a global, international project to evangelize the world. He argued through their imagined internationalism missionaries mediated much of ordinary Germans’ experiences of globalization, ultimately endorsing a cosmopolitan internationalism over German nationalism in the decades before World War I. In 2021, "Heavenly Fatherland" won the Best First Book Award from Phi Alpha Theta, the academic honor society for history.
He has also begun a new research project, tentatively titled “Toy Soldiering: West German Rearmament, the Holocaust, and the United States.” In this project, he asks how German and American military planners and wargaming hobbyists imagined the recent past (World War II and the Holocaust) and conceived of the future (the Cold War). How did they imagine warfare and security policy through the invented worlds of tabletop warfare? The answers to these questions will shape and inform a study of German-American relations and cultural exchange during the early Cold War, 1945-55. This period hosted the birth of modern tabletop board- and role-playing games in the United States and Germany and the simultaneous creation of the German-American military, economic, and cultural alliance. As part of the creation of this alliance, German military might had to be “domesticated” and the Holocaust had to be forgotten. The creation and propagation of the Clean Wehrmacht Myth assisted in the remaking of German military power from existential threat to reliable ally. This developing project is to investigate the role played in this process by gaming culture and how the origins of gaming and the hobby’s continuing fascination with Germany’s World War II military might has enabled Holocaust forgetting through popular culture.
As a Holocaust educator he has been a Fellow at the Summer Institute of the Holocaust Educational Foundation and a participant in the Jack and Anita Hess Faculty Seminar at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. In summer 2019 Best joined the Iowa Council for Holocaust Education. Since fall 2017 he has lectured to audiences in Iowa and beyond on white nationalism on campuses and recently had an article on the topic published in "Perspectives on History," the magazine of the American Historical Association.
Jeremy Best, "Shermans and Tigers, and T-34s, Oh My!: Playing Pretend and Playing WWII"
Chair: Brandon Bloch (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
1 February 2024
16:30 CST
Sponsored by:
George L. Mosse Program in History
Center for European Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of History
Professor Jeremy Best's research is on the history of race, religion, and culture in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany. He is especially interested in the history of imagination; the construction of meaning by people and institutions in the past through fantasy, the articulation of those fantasies through cultural expression, and the transformation of that meaning into concrete policy behavior and goals. This interest began with the imaginary internationalism of Protestant missionaries and now turns to military and political policymakers in Germany in the wake of the Holocaust.
His book, "Heavenly Fatherland: German Missionary Culture in the Age of Empire" (University of Toronto Press, 2021), is an analysis of the interaction among German Protestant missionaries, missionized Africans in the colony of German East Africa, and white Protestants in Germany. In this work he investigated the theological, cultural, and political activities of missionaries, missionary societies, and missionary intellectuals in the wider context of Western imperialism and globalization. Missionaries imagined themselves part of a global, international project to evangelize the world. He argued through their imagined internationalism missionaries mediated much of ordinary Germans’ experiences of globalization, ultimately endorsing a cosmopolitan internationalism over German nationalism in the decades before World War I. In 2021, "Heavenly Fatherland" won the Best First Book Award from Phi Alpha Theta, the academic honor society for history.
He has also begun a new research project, tentatively titled “Toy Soldiering: West German Rearmament, the Holocaust, and the United States.” In this project, he asks how German and American military planners and wargaming hobbyists imagined the recent past (World War II and the Holocaust) and conceived of the future (the Cold War). How did they imagine warfare and security policy through the invented worlds of tabletop warfare? The answers to these questions will shape and inform a study of German-American relations and cultural exchange during the early Cold War, 1945-55. This period hosted the birth of modern tabletop board- and role-playing games in the United States and Germany and the simultaneous creation of the German-American military, economic, and cultural alliance. As part of the creation of this alliance, German military might had to be “domesticated” and the Holocaust had to be forgotten. The creation and propagation of the Clean Wehrmacht Myth assisted in the remaking of German military power from existential threat to reliable ally. This developing project is to investigate the role played in this process by gaming culture and how the origins of gaming and the hobby’s continuing fascination with Germany’s World War II military might has enabled Holocaust forgetting through popular culture.
As a Holocaust educator he has been a Fellow at the Summer Institute of the Holocaust Educational Foundation and a participant in the Jack and Anita Hess Faculty Seminar at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. In summer 2019 Best joined the Iowa Council for Holocaust Education. Since fall 2017 he has lectured to audiences in Iowa and beyond on white nationalism on campuses and recently had an article on the topic published in "Perspectives on History," the magazine of the American Historical Association.





![Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío, On the Importance of Sorelianism and Transnational Links in Fascism
Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío, On the Importance of Sorelianism and Transnational Links in Fascism: A Response to Eric Kurlander
60 Years: Fascism Seminar Revisited
mosseprogram.wisc.edu/rome
11 January 2025
Session VII: Fascism and Nationalism
Eric Kurlander, The Romantic Roots of Fascist Nationalism
Moderated by Mary Nolan
Responses by Donatello Aramini, Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío
Sponsored by:
George L. Mosse Program in History
American Academy in Rome
Sapienza Università di Roma
Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism
Leo Baeck Institute
Mary Nolan is Professor of History emerita at New York University. She works on twentieth-century European-American relations, on social and economic human rights in the age of neoliberalism, and on the gender politics of right radical populism in Europe. She is the author of The Transatlantic Century: Europe and America, 1890-2010 (2012); and America’s Century in Europe: Reflections on Americanization, Anti-Americanism and the Transatlantic Partnership (2023). She is on the steering committee of Historians for Peace and Democracy and has compiled “The Culture Wars Against Education Archive,” which tracks the current right wing attacks on education on all levels.
Eric Kurlander is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of History and Director of the Jewish Studies Program at Stetson University. He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University. His books include The Price of Exclusion: Ethnicity, National Identity, and the Decline of German Liberalism, 1898-1933 (2006); Living With Hitler: Liberal Democrats in the Third Reich (2009); Transcultural Encounters between Germany and India: Kindred Spirits in the 19th and 20th Centuries, with Joanne Miyang Cho and Doug McGetchin (eds.) (2014); Revisiting the ‘Nazi Occult’: Histories, Realities, Legacies, with Monica Black (ed.) (2015); Hitler’s Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich (2017); and Modern Germany: A Global History, with Bernd-Stefan Grewe and Doug McGetchin (2023). Kurlander has held research and writing fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the German Historical Institute; the German Academic Exchange Service; the Krupp Foundation; and Harvard University’s Program for the Study of Germany and Europe. He is currently working on a monograph, “Before the Final Solution: A Global History of the Nazi “Jewish Question” 1919-1941,” and an edited volume, “The Routledge History of Global Nazism,” with Jennifer Evans, Julia Torrie, and Jonathan Wiesen.
Donatello Aramini is Assistant Professor in Contemporary History at the Department of Political Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome. He was visiting professor at the Freie Universität Berlin in 2023 and Mosse-Friends Fellow in 2011 and 2022 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is a member of the editorial board of Mondo contemporaneo. Rivista di storia and Giornale di storia. He is the author of the books George L. Mosse, l’Italia e gli storici (2010) and La rivoluzione nazionale: I nazionalisti, il fascismo e la fine dello Stato liberale (1919-1927) (2023). He has co-edited with Skye Doney and Laura Ciglioni the special issue of the Journal of Contemporary History “George L. Mosse, Nationalism and the Crises of Liberal Democracies” (2021) and the book La contemporaneità del passato. Studi in onore di Renato Moro (2021). In 2023 co-edited a special issue of Mondo contemporaneo on the centenary of the March on Rome. He is currently working on a monograph on the myth of Rome in Fascist Italy.
Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío is senior lecturer in European Modern History at Manchester Metropolitan University. Her last monograph, La Secretaría General del Movimiento: construcción, coordinación y estabilización del régimen franquista [The General Secretariat of FET y de las JONS. Construction, coordination and stabilization of Franco’s regime], shows how Franco was able to transform a radical fascist party into a conduit between state and society. She is currently working on a monograph on the development of Nazi propaganda campaigns in Spain and Spanish-German relations during the Second World War.
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In 1963, historian George L. Mosse led a landmark seminar at Stanford University, bringing together scholars from diverse disciplines and countries to analyze the history of Nazism and Italian Fascism, just eighteen years after World War II. Their discussions defined the early parameters of European fascism amidst the post-war era’s intellectual landscape.
Sixty years later, the George L. Mosse Program in History organized a multi-day conference from January 9 to January 12, 2025, to reassess fascism in the context of contemporary European movements. More than thirty scholars from the US, Europe, the UK, and Israel gathered to critically examine and redefine “fascism” in light of present-day populist, anti-democratic, illiberal, and authoritarian ideologies. Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío, On the Importance of Sorelianism and Transnational Links in Fascism](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/soT3FXGdiO0/mqdefault.jpg)



![Annette Becker, The Great War: A Laboratory of Violence for the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century
60 Years: Fascism Seminar Revisited
mosseprogram.wisc.edu/rome
11 January 2025
Session VIII: Violence and War
Annette Becker, The Great War: A Laboratory of Violence for the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century
Moderated by Manuela Consonni
Responses by Sven Reichardt, Omer Bartov
Sponsored by:
George L. Mosse Program in History
American Academy in Rome
Sapienza Università di Roma
Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism
Leo Baeck Institute
Manuela Consonni is the Pela and Adam Starkopf Chair in Holocaust Studies at the Department of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is also the current director of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. Her books include: Resistance or Holocaust: The Memory of the Deportation and Extermination in Italy, 1945-1985 (2010); L’eclisse dell’antifascismo. Resistenza, questione ebraica e cultura politica in Italia dal 1943 al 1989 (2015); Three Faces of Antifascism: Narratives of Resistance in Italian Political Culture, forthcoming in spring-summer 2024, and a forthcoming book on Primo Levi, titled: Shedding Skins: Primo Levi on Human Evil, Suffering, and the Power to Resist.
Annette Becker is Professor Emerita of Modern History at Paris-Nanterre and a senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France. She has written extensively on the Two World Wars and the extreme violence they nurtured, with an emphasis on military occupations. She is now devoting her research to genocides (against the Armenians, against the Tutsi in Rwanda, and the Holocaust) including humanitarian politics, trauma and memory, particularly among intellectuals and artists. Her latest publications include Messagers du désastre: Raphaël Lemkin, Jan Karski et les genocides (2018) (Messengers of Disaster: Raphaël Lemkin, Jan Karski and Twentieth-Century Genocides [2021]); L’Immontrable. Guerres et violences extrêmes dans l’art et la littérature (2021); Des Juifs trahis par leur France, 1939-1944 (2024); and Le choc. Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda, 1994, with Jean-Philippe Schreiber, Samuel Kuhn, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau (2024).
Sven Reichardt is Distinguished Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Konstanz. He has published widely on the history of fascism, the history of war, civil war and terrorism and on social movements and civil societies in late twentieth century history. He has several international awards and fellowships. In summer 2025 he will be senior fellow at the International Research Center for Cultural Studies in Vienna.
Omer Bartov is the Samuel Pisar Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Brown University. Born in Israel and educated at Tel Aviv University and St. Antony’s College, Oxford, his early research concerned war crimes in World War II and the links between war and genocide. He has also written on representations of antisemitism in twentieth-century cinema. More recently he has focused on interethnic relations, violence, and population displacement in Europe and Palestine. His latest books include Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz (2018), Tales from the Borderlands: Making and Unmaking the Galician Past (2022), and Genocide, The Holocaust and Israel-Palestine: First-Person History in Times of Crisis (2023). He is currently writing a book tentatively titled “The Broken Promise: A Personal-Political History of Israel and Palestine,” which is dedicated to investigating the first generation of Jews and Palestinians in Israel, a generation to which he also belongs. His novel, The Butterfly and the Axe, was published in 2023 in the United States and Israel.
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In 1963, historian George L. Mosse led a landmark seminar at Stanford University, bringing together scholars from diverse disciplines and countries to analyze the history of Nazism and Italian Fascism, just eighteen years after World War II. Their discussions defined the early parameters of European fascism amidst the post-war era’s intellectual landscape.
Sixty years later, the George L. Mosse Program in History organized a multi-day conference from January 9 to January 12, 2025, to reassess fascism in the context of contemporary European movements. More than thirty scholars from the US, Europe, the UK, and Israel gathered to critically examine and redefine “fascism” in light of present-day populist, anti-democratic, illiberal, and authoritarian ideologies. Annette Becker, The Great War: A Laboratory of Violence for the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ueRAsCAwcl8/mqdefault.jpg)
