Uploaded November 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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Sources:
Elliot, J.H. Imperial Spain: 1469-1716 (United Kingdom: Penguin Books, 2002).

Kamen, Henry. Spain, 1469–1714: A Society of Conflict (United Kingdom: Pearson Education Ltd., 2005).

Maltby, William S. The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire (United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).

Stein, Stanley J., Stein, Barbara H. Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe (United States: John Hopkins University Press, 2000).

Vives, Jaime Vicens. An Economic History of Spain (United States: Princeton University Press, 1969).

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