Welch Labs | How Kepler Actually Discovered his Laws @WelchLabsVideo | Uploaded 5 months ago | Updated 14 seconds ago
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Tycho Brahe Cellarius Poster: welchlabs.com/resources/tycho-brahe-cellarius-poster-13x16
Tycho Brahe Doppelmayr Poster: welchlabs.com/resources/tycho-brahe-doppelmayr-poster-13x15
Eclipse Posters! welchlabs.com/resources
Special thanks to the Patrons:*
Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures
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References
On the Shoulders of Giants: The Great Works of Physics and Astronomy. (2003). Kiribati: Penguin.
Koestler, A. (2017). The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe. United Kingdom: Penguin Books Limited.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mars_observation
keplersdiscovery.com/index.html
The Cambridge Concise History of Astronomy. (1999). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Mazer, A. (2011). Shifting the Earth: The Mathematical Quest to Understand the Motion of the Universe. Germany: Wiley.
Voelkel, J. R. (2021). The Composition of Kepler's Astronomia Nova. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.
stellarium.org
Kepler, J. (2015). Astronomia Nova. United States: Green Lion Press.
Stephenson, B. (2012). Kepler’s Physical Astronomy. Switzerland: Springer New York.
Brahe, T., Dreyer, J. L. E. (1972). Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia. Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
dn790003.ca.archive.org/0/items/Astronomianovaa00Kepl/Astronomianovaa00Kepl.pdf
Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer: bit.ly/WelchLabs
Tycho Brahe Cellarius Poster: welchlabs.com/resources/tycho-brahe-cellarius-poster-13x16
Tycho Brahe Doppelmayr Poster: welchlabs.com/resources/tycho-brahe-doppelmayr-poster-13x15
Eclipse Posters! welchlabs.com/resources
Special thanks to the Patrons:*
Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures
Welch Labs
Ad free videos and exclusive perks: patreon.com/welchlabs
Watch on TikTok: tiktok.com/@welchlabs
Learn More or Contact: welchlabs.com
Instagram: instagram.com/welchlabs
X: twitter.com/welchlabs
References
On the Shoulders of Giants: The Great Works of Physics and Astronomy. (2003). Kiribati: Penguin.
Koestler, A. (2017). The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe. United Kingdom: Penguin Books Limited.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mars_observation
keplersdiscovery.com/index.html
The Cambridge Concise History of Astronomy. (1999). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Mazer, A. (2011). Shifting the Earth: The Mathematical Quest to Understand the Motion of the Universe. Germany: Wiley.
Voelkel, J. R. (2021). The Composition of Kepler's Astronomia Nova. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.
stellarium.org
Kepler, J. (2015). Astronomia Nova. United States: Green Lion Press.
Stephenson, B. (2012). Kepler’s Physical Astronomy. Switzerland: Springer New York.
Brahe, T., Dreyer, J. L. E. (1972). Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia. Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
dn790003.ca.archive.org/0/items/Astronomianovaa00Kepl/Astronomianovaa00Kepl.pdf
![Neural Networks Demystified [Part 7: Overfitting, Testing, and Regularization]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/S4ZUwgesjS8/hqdefault.jpg "Neural Networks Demystified [Part 7: Overfitting, Testing, and Regularization]
Weve built and trained our neural network, but before we celebrate, we must be sure that our model is representative of the real world.
Supporting Code:
https://github.com/stephencwelch/Neural-Networks-Demystified
Nate Silvers Book: http://www.amazon.com/Signal-Noise-Many-Predictions-Fail/dp/159420411X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1421442340&sr=8-1&keywords=signal+and+the+noise
Caltech Machine Learning Course: https://work.caltech.edu/telecourse.html
And the lecture shown: http://youtu.be/Dc0sr0kdBVI?t=56m52s
In this series, we will build and train a complete Artificial Neural Network in python. New videos every other friday.
Part 1: Data + Architecture
Part 2: Forward Propagation
Part 3: Gradient Descent
Part 4: Backpropagation
Part 5: Numerical Gradient Checking
Part 6: Training
Part 7: Overfitting, Testing, and Regularization
@stephencwelch
welchlabs.com")
![Imaginary Numbers Are Real [Part 1: Introduction]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/T647CGsuOVU/hqdefault.jpg "Imaginary Numbers Are Real [Part 1: Introduction]
For early access to new videos and other perks:
https://www.patreon.com/welchlabs
Want to learn more or teach this series? Check out the Imaginary Numbers are Real Workbook: http://www.welchlabs.com/resources.
Imaginary numbers are not some wild invention, they are the deep and natural result of extending our number system. Imaginary numbers are all about the discovery of numbers existing not in one dimension along the number line, but in full two dimensional space. Accepting this not only gives us more rich and complete mathematics, but also unlocks a ridiculous amount of very real, very tangible problems in science and engineering.
Part 1: Introduction
Part 2: A Little History
Part 3: Cardans Problem
Part 4: Bombellis Solution
Part 5: Numbers are Two Dimensional
Part 6: The Complex Plane
Part 7: Complex Multiplication
Part 8: Math Wizardry
Part 9: Closure
Part 10: Complex Functions
Part 11: Wandering in Four Dimensions
Part 12: Riemanns Solution
Part 13: Riemann Surfaces
Want to learn more or teach this series? Check out the Imaginary Numbers are Real Workbook: http://www.welchlabs.com/resources.")
![Neural Networks Demystified [Part 2: Forward Propagation]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UJwK6jAStmg/hqdefault.jpg "Neural Networks Demystified [Part 2: Forward Propagation]
Neural Networks Demystified
@stephencwelch
Supporting Code:
https://github.com/stephencwelch/Neural-Networks-Demystified
In this short series, we will build and train a complete Artificial Neural Network in python. New videos every other friday.
Part 1: Data + Architecture
Part 2: Forward Propagation
Part 3: Gradient Descent
Part 4: Backpropagation
Part 5: Numerical Gradient Checking
Part 6: Training
Part 7: Overfitting, Testing, and Regularization")
![Learning to See [Part 8: More Assumptions...Fewer Problems?]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UVwwYZMFocg/hqdefault.jpg "Learning to See [Part 8: More Assumptions...Fewer Problems?]
In this series, well explore the complex landscape of machine learning and artificial intelligence through one example from the field of computer vision: using a decision tree to count the number of fingers in an image. Its gonna be crazy.
Supporting Code: https://github.com/stephencwelch/LearningToSee
welchlabs.com
@welchlabs")
![The moment we stopped understanding AI [AlexNet]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UZDiGooFs54/hqdefault.jpg "The moment we stopped understanding AI [AlexNet]
Thanks to KiwiCo for sponsoring todays video! Go to https://www.kiwico.com/welchlabs and use code WELCHLABS for 50% off your first month of monthly lines and/or for 20% off your first Panda Crate.
Activation Atlas Posters!
https://www.welchlabs.com/resources/5gtnaauv6nb9lrhoz9cp604padxp5o
https://www.welchlabs.com/resources/activation-atlas-poster-mixed5b-13x19
https://www.welchlabs.com/resources/large-activation-atlas-poster-mixed4c-24x36
https://www.welchlabs.com/resources/activation-atlas-poster-mixed4c-13x19
Special thanks to the Patrons:
Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures, Matias Forti
Welch Labs
Ad free videos and exclusive perks: https://www.patreon.com/welchlabs
Watch on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@welchlabs
Learn More or Contact: https://www.welchlabs.com/
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X: https://twitter.com/welchlabs
References
AlexNet Paper
https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf
Original Activation Atlas Article- explore here - Great interactive Atlas! https://distill.pub/2019/activation-atlas/
Carter, et al., Activation Atlas, Distill, 2019.
Feature Visualization Article: https://distill.pub/2017/feature-visualization/
`Olah, et al., Feature Visualization, Distill, 2017.`
Great LLM Explainability work: https://transformer-circuits.pub/2024/scaling-monosemanticity/index.html
Templeton, et al., Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet, Transformer Circuits Thread, 2024.
“Deep Visualization Toolbox by Jason Yosinski video inspired many visuals:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgkfIQ4IGaM
Great LLM/GPT Intro paper
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.10557
3B1Bs GPT Videos are excellent, as always:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMlx5fFNoYc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjZofJX0v4M
Andrej Kerpathys walkthrough is amazing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCc8FmEb1nY
Goodfellow’s Deep Learning Book
https://www.deeplearningbook.org/
OpenAI’s 10,000 V100 GPU cluster (1+ exaflop) https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/innovation/openai-azure-supercomputer/
GPT-3 size, etc: Language Models are Few-Shot Learners, Brown et al, 2020.
Unique token count for ChatGPT: https://cookbook.openai.com/examples/how_to_count_tokens_with_tiktoken
GPT-4 training size etc, speculative:
https://patmcguinness.substack.com/p/gpt-4-details-revealed
https://www.semianalysis.com/p/gpt-4-architecture-infrastructure
Historical Neural Network Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwFduRA_L6Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNxadbrN_aI
Errata
1:40 should be: word fragment is appended to the end of the original input. Thanks for Chris A for finding this one.")
