Uploaded August 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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In Newton's time, gravity was a force. Then Einstein came and said it wasn't. Who's correct? What is a force, exactly?

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Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
Alexis Dahl - Content Consultant
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS

Computers and Logic Gates:
youtu.be/sgVosaLhPV0
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SOURCES

Newton's Principia (English):
en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Mathematical_Principles_of_Natural_Philosophy_(1846)

Newton's Principia (Latin):
books.google.com/books?id=XJwx0lnKvOgC

Google Books Ngram Viewer:
books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Force&year_start=1500&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=0&case_insensitive=false

Words and Translations:
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/force
etymonline.com/search?q=force
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fortis
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vis
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AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOK SOURCES

"The Principia: The Authoritative Translation and Guide"
by Sir Isaac Newton (Author), I. Bernard Cohen (Translator), & Anne Whitman (Translator)
amzn.to/45brE3G

FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
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LINKS TO COMMENTS

youtube.com/watch?v=sgVosaLhPV0&lc=UgwUokCtztWyBq4E4rF4AaABAg
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IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS

Space Shuttle Launch:
images.nasa.gov/details-NHQ_2021_0708_NASA's%20Final%20Space%20Shuttle%20Launch%2010th%20Anniversary%20Replay

The Principia Cover:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prinicipia-title.png

Portraits:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton,_1689_(brightened).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08608_einstein_1916.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Hilbert_postcard.png
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TIME CODES

00:00 Intro
00:23 Newton's Laws
00:43 Inertial vs Non-Inertial
02:03 What is a Force?
02:29 Albert Einstein and David Hilbert
02:38 General Relativity
03:36 Is Gravity a Force?
04:26 Lost in Translation
06:33 Closing Thoughts
07:21 Featured Comment