Uploaded September 2017 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Here are a few high-speed videos of re-lighting an extinguished candle by its smoke. The frame rate for some of the shots might be different, ranging from 1250 FPS up to 2938.3 FPS.
===== NOTES =====
As I'm sure someone will complain about the music, there's always the option of turning off the sound and using your own music. I added music because it was sort of weird without any sound.
===== CAMERA & SETTINGS =====
Camera: Edgertronic SC1
Max Frame Rate: 2938.3 FPS
Horizontal: 480 pixels
Vertical: 272 pixels
ISO: 1600
Lens: Nikon 50mm 1.8D
===== SONG =====
E-Minor Prelude by Chopin
Here are a few high-speed videos of re-lighting an extinguished candle by its smoke. The frame rate for some of the shots might be different, ranging from 1250 FPS up to 2938.3 FPS.
===== NOTES =====
As I'm sure someone will complain about the music, there's always the option of turning off the sound and using your own music. I added music because it was sort of weird without any sound.
===== CAMERA & SETTINGS =====
Camera: Edgertronic SC1
Max Frame Rate: 2938.3 FPS
Horizontal: 480 pixels
Vertical: 272 pixels
ISO: 1600
Lens: Nikon 50mm 1.8D
===== SONG =====
E-Minor Prelude by Chopin

![How To: Build Your Own Rubens Tube
In this video Ill show you how to build a DIY Rubens Tube! All the parts and steps are shown in the video and in the description below. Should you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment! If you want a detailed written document to follow, check out my blog post on the build at the link shown below in the LINKS section. If you want to see my tube in action, check out the songs listed in the SONGS section below.
LINKS
→ My blog post
https://goo.gl/ZfNiAP
→ Engineering Toolbox NPT
https://goo.gl/N9cQNf
SONGS
→ Lensko - Circles
https://goo.gl/cROa5P
→ Unknown Brain - Saviour
https://goo.gl/ldjdbR
→ K391 - Earth
https://goo.gl/8n4Cj1
→ Lensko - Cetus
https://goo.gl/3UQlOj
→ Lensko - Lets Go
https://goo.gl/VR7E17
WHAT YOU WILL NEED
- [1] Propane tank (grill LP 15 or 20 lb) ($30 empty + $18 fill)
- [2] Char-Broil Universal Propane Regulator with Nut (female 3/8 NPT) ($15)
- [3] Brass hex pipe nipple 3/8 MIP x 3/8 MIP ($3)
- [4] Gas ball valve 3/8 brass ($6.45)
- [5] Male Hose Barb Adaptor - 3/8 ID Hose Barb x 3/8 MIP ($3.79)
- [6] Vinyl tubing 3/8 ID x 1/2 OD ($0.39 per foot)
- [7] Nylon 3/8 barbed adaptor 90 degree elbow ($2)
- [8] 3 x 60 galvanized steel duct ($7.25)
- [9] 3 galvanized steel duct cap ($3.41)
- [10] Latex glove or balloon
- [11] Speaker (any kind you want)
- Duct/Aluminum/Foil tape ($3)
- PTFE thread seal tape ($1.50)
- Masking tape
- Ruler/tape measure
- Writing utensil
- 1/16 drill bit
- Drill
- Matches or a lighter
Total Cost = $50 (if you have a filled propane tank)
Total Cost = $100 (if you dont have a propane tank)
NOTES
► I dont have links to the parts in the list above, because I got everything at Lowes or Home Depot. If you go to the store, you will be able to find everything.
► The one thing the store didnt have in stock (but you can order it and have delivered to the store at no extra cost) is the 3 tube cap.
► Some songs might work better than others. The music needs to be in the correct frequency range for you to see the waves, so anything with frequencies that are too low or high probably arent going to look special.
► I switch between calling it a Rubens Tube and a Rubens Tube because Ive seen it both ways. It was invented by a guy named Heinrich Rubens, so the second naming style is the possessive, calling it his tube. But I also think the first naming style is fine and makes more sense if you precede it with an article (e.g. A Rubens Tube). If John Smith invented it, I feel like it would make sense to call it a Smith Tube, instead of a Smiths Tube. If you have strong feelings about this, let me know. How To: Build Your Own Rubens Tube](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/sQ3DCe5fziY/mqdefault.jpg)
![Explained: NACA 4-Digit GUI Part 2/10 [MATLAB]
This is the second video in my 10-video series on coding a program in MATLAB to compute, display, and save a NACA 4-digit airfoil.
IN THIS VIDEO:
We clean up the GUI layout after opening the .fig file in GUIDE. We make the widths of the components the same, as well as align boxes and buttons horizontally and vertically.
IN THIS SERIES:
Part 1/10 : https://goo.gl/9UBgbo
Part 2/10 : https://goo.gl/jRRcYJ
Part 3/10 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbW1NDuvdJQ
Part 4/10 : https://goo.gl/HwHB39
Part 5/10 : https://goo.gl/AlDne8
Part 6/10 : https://goo.gl/7n1QP7
Part 7/10 : https://goo.gl/nTGleR
Part 8/10 : https://goo.gl/ez247P
Part 9/10 : https://goo.gl/8mXYcc
Part 10/10: https://goo.gl/ovBlbW Explained: NACA 4-Digit GUI Part 2/10 [MATLAB]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/spHG_XEP5-c/mqdefault.jpg)
![How To: Find Mach Number from a Picture (Part 1)
Want to look at a picture of a bullet/plane/etc. and be able to approximate the Mach number? In this video I show you three ways to find the Mach number from a Schlieren image.
Disclaimer: The Mach numbers I obtain are, as mentioned in the video, approximations. I understand that they will not be entirely correct, but these methods can be used to get good initial estimates.
Last Photo Note: On the news article (cited below), they state that the plane reached a maximum Mach number of 1.09. However, there was a Reddit post from someone who worked on the team that took the pictures, and he states the plane was flying at just under Mach 1.2 when the photos were taken. Here is the link to that post:
https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/3iuouf/this_is_what_piercing_the_sound_barrier_looks_like/?limit=500
1st Photo Credit
By Settles1 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
2nd/3rd Photo Credit
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
University of Sydney, 1998-2004
4th Photo Credit
Tumblr: jefflownsbury-blog
5th Photo Credit
By NASA Langley Research Center, X-15 testing
6th Photo Credit
By NASA Glenn Research Center [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
7th Photo Credit
NASA photo
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/features/shock_and_awesome.html How To: Find Mach Number from a Picture (Part 1)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/sv8sj_TH1Kw/mqdefault.jpg)
![Explained: Lift Curve [Airplanes]
Lift curves are available for various airfoils and provide data relating the lift coefficient of the airfoil to the angle of attack. The lift curves described in this video are for 2D (infinite wing) airfoils. Actual 3D wing lift curves are complicated by 3D effects such as spanwise flow and tip vortices. See the links below for actual NACA data for both a symmetric and a cambered airfoil.
Angle of Attack:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm2Az-PgPUU
NACA 0012 (Symmetric):
- The lift curve to look at is the lower of the two sloped lines
- Notice that at zero AoA, the lift coefficient is zero
- The horizontal lines are moment coefficient plots, which you can ignore for now
http://mshades.free.fr/flapping/Cz0012.jpg
NACA 2412 (Cambered):
- Lift curve is the left of the two plots
- Notice that the zero lift AoA is negative (approx. -2 degrees)
http://www.tricity.wsu.edu/htmls/mme/me439/s2007/naca2412.jpg Explained: Lift Curve [Airplanes]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tF_Z1lz7HKw/mqdefault.jpg)


![Explained: Rain Gutters [Airplanes]
Rain gutters are little strips of material above doors that allow you to stay dry as you get on or off a plane. They also help keep the interior of the plane dry.
Horizontal rain gutter:
http://www.airliners.net/photo/Untitled-%28Trans-World/Lockheed-L-1011-385-1-TriStar/0197040/L/&sid=030cda10fed5df9cd077f6437194798e
Slanted rain gutter:
http://www.airliners.net/photo/Trans-World-Airlines/Lockheed-L-1011-385-1-15-TriStar/0689474/L/&sid=030cda10fed5df9cd077f6437194798e Explained: Rain Gutters [Airplanes]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u4FNaPu9-hQ/mqdefault.jpg)
![Explained: Taylor-Maccoll Conical Flow Overview [Taylor-Maccoll]
This is the first video in a series of videos about the supersonic flow over a cone at 0 degrees angle of attack. This is also known as Taylor-Maccoll conical flow, after the two guys that derived the equations and obtained solutions for this type of problem.
This video aims to introduce the general problem description and lay out the basic steps for the derivation/solution. More videos will follow as described in the video. Explained: Taylor-Maccoll Conical Flow Overview [Taylor-Maccoll]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v3EqbYGI_Hg/mqdefault.jpg)
![Explained: Isentropic Relations
In this video, we will go through the derivation of the isentropic relations. We will start with the combined 1st & 2nd law of thermodynamics (video [1] below for derivation of combined law). We will first assume a thermally perfect gas (video [2] below for explanation of e = e(T) and h = h(T)), and then later constrain the expression down for a calorically perfect gas (video [3] below for explanation about specific heats for TPG and CPG). To obtain the final isentropic relations, we will set the change in entropy equation equal to zero, and solve for the relationship between pressure, temperature, and density ratios between states 1 and 2.
RELEVANT VIDEOS
[1] : https://goo.gl/soiSr9
[2] : https://goo.gl/pdL6A8
[3] : https://goo.gl/hG2sJn
REFERENCES
► Notes by Matt MacLean
► Modern Compressible Flow, Anderson
► Elements of Gasdynamics, Liepmann and Roshko
► Gas Dynamics, Zucrow and Hoffman Explained: Isentropic Relations](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vBNIp8cz1ik/mqdefault.jpg)
