Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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A late 11th century scribble on the last folium of a text containing homilies is considered the blossoming of Dutch literature. It is a poem of few words, with a Latin translation. This poem seems to be mutually intelligible to between Dutch and English at the time, and may have purposefully been written (so Angerer thinks) to be accessible to both.

Read the article for free: rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11061-024-09807-x.pdf

The manuscript viewer:
folio 169v
digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/837c7f62-bbf6-481e-91da-833011672440/surfaces/c9bbbeec-97b2-4864-b52c-feaca7f1fbed

Also, the comments about the article from Nelson Goering are as interesting as ever: languagehat.com/hebban-olla-vogala

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