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How did Syria Win the Lebanese Civil War? | Casual Historian
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Primary Sources
Fulgencio Batista, Cuba Betrayed, (1962)
Fidel Castro, Ignacio Ramonet, My Life, (2006)
Earl E.T. Smith, The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution, (1962)
Che Guevara, Diary of a Combatant, (2013)
Andrei Gromyko, Memoirs, (1989)
Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, (1970)
Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, Volumes I & II, (1948)
Harry Truman, Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Year of Decisions (1955)
Harry Truman, Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Years of Trial and Hope (1956)
Dwight Eisenhower, Waging Peace: The White House Years, A Personal Account 1956-1961, (1965)
Secondary Sources
Ada Ferrer, An American History of Cuba, (2021)
Peter G. Bourne, Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro, (1986)
Marshall Eakin, The History of Latin America: Collision of Cultures, (2007)
John Charles Chasteen, Born in Blood & Fire: A Concise History of Latin America, (2006)
Bryce Wood, The Making of the Good Neighbor Policy, (1961)
Theodore Draper, Castro's Revolution; Myths and Realities, (1962)
Samuel Farber, The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered, (2006)
William Ratliff, editor, The Selling of Fidel Castro: The Media and the Cuban Revolution, (1987)
Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America, (1984)
Thomas Skidmore, Peter Smith, James Green, Modern Latin America: Eighth Edition, (2014)
Footnotes
[1] Ferrer, p. 293-8, Batista, ch. 5, Bourne, p. 134-8
[2] Ferrer, p. 293-8, Bourne, 134-8, Guevara, p. 28, Batista, ch. 5
[3] Batista, ch. 5, Ferrer, p. 299-305
[4] Eakin, p. 308-11, Ratliff, p. 1-3
[5] Ferrer, p. 299-305
[6] Ferrer, p. 299-305, Batista, ch. 5
[7] Ferrer, p. 299-305
[8] Ratliff, p. 1-3
[9] Smith, 117-21
[10] Smith, p. 5-7, 115
[11] Ferrer, p. 305-11, Batista, ch. 7
[12] Batista, ch. 7
[13] Smith, p. 10-2, 55-7, Ferrer, p. 305-11
[14] Smith, p. 17-21, 27-8
[15] Batista, ch. 8, Smith, p. 31-3
[16] Ferrer, p. 305-11, Smith, p. 37-8, 58-61, 158-60
[17] Smith, p. 71-6
[18] Smith, 63-5, 68
[19] Smith, p. 84-6, 86-92, 96-100, Batista, ch. 8, Eisenhower, p. 520-1
[20] Smith, 82-3, 86-92, 96-100
[21] Ferrer, p. 305-11, Smith, 76-7, Draper, 14-5
[22] Smith, p. 109-14, 140-8
[23] Smith, 152-7
[24] Batista, ch. 3
[25] Eisenhower, 520-1, Smith, 158-60
[26] Batista, ch. 15, Smith, 163-76
[27] Smith, 183-7
[28] Ferrer, p. 315-20, Smith, 187-9
[29] Eisenhower, 521-3
[30] Eisenhower, 521-3
[31] Ferrer, 320-3
[32] Smith, 189-99
[33] Ferrer, 323-6
[34] Eisenhower, 523-5, Ferrer, 326-8
[35] Nixon, 351-2
[36] Eisenhower, 523
[37] Ferrer, 328-33
[38] Ferrer, 335-42
[39] Kruschev, 540-4, Ferrer, 335-9
[40] Eisenhower, 531-5
[41] Ferrer, 346-50
[42] Eisenhower, 536-9
[43] Ferrer, 346-50
[44] Schlesinger, 81
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Primary Sources
Fulgencio Batista, Cuba Betrayed, (1962)
Fidel Castro, Ignacio Ramonet, My Life, (2006)
Earl E.T. Smith, The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution, (1962)
Che Guevara, Diary of a Combatant, (2013)
Andrei Gromyko, Memoirs, (1989)
Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, (1970)
Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, Volumes I & II, (1948)
Harry Truman, Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Year of Decisions (1955)
Harry Truman, Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Years of Trial and Hope (1956)
Dwight Eisenhower, Waging Peace: The White House Years, A Personal Account 1956-1961, (1965)
Secondary Sources
Ada Ferrer, An American History of Cuba, (2021)
Peter G. Bourne, Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro, (1986)
Marshall Eakin, The History of Latin America: Collision of Cultures, (2007)
John Charles Chasteen, Born in Blood & Fire: A Concise History of Latin America, (2006)
Bryce Wood, The Making of the Good Neighbor Policy, (1961)
Theodore Draper, Castro's Revolution; Myths and Realities, (1962)
Samuel Farber, The Origins of the Cuban Revolution Reconsidered, (2006)
William Ratliff, editor, The Selling of Fidel Castro: The Media and the Cuban Revolution, (1987)
Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America, (1984)
Thomas Skidmore, Peter Smith, James Green, Modern Latin America: Eighth Edition, (2014)
Footnotes
[1] Chasteen, p. 203
[2] Ferrer, p. 185-8, Draper, p. 21-3
[3] Wood, p. 48-57
[4] Ferrer, p. 228-31
[5] Wood, p. 59-69, Ferrer, p. 235-8
[6] Ferrer, 242-4
[7] Hull, p. 315, Ferrer, p. 239-42, Wood, p. 81-7
[8] Ferrer, p. 244-9
[9] Ferrer, p. 249-58, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Cuban_general_election?wprov=sfla1
[10] Gromyko, p. 83
[11] Bourne, p. 35
[12] Bourne, p. 33-6
[13] Ferrer, 264-9
[14] Castro, p. 85-6
[15] Ferrer, p. 270-1, Bourne, 64-7
[16] Skidmore, p. 115-7, Draper, p. 21-3, Farber, p. 7-8, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true
[17] Bourne, p. 65-9
[18] Eakin, p. 308-11, Ferrer, p. 277-82
[19] Bourne, p. 33-6, Smith, p. 40
[20] Castro, p. 89, Bourne, p. 56-8
[21] Bourne, p. 39-42
[22] Chasteen, p. 264-8, Bourne, p. 45-9, Smith, p. 67-8
[23] Bourne, p. 39-42, 62-4
[24] Bourne, p. 71-2, Castro, p. 104-5
[25] Bourne, p. 71-2, Ferrer, p. 277-82, Castro, p. 105-10
[26] Castro, p. 112-4
[27] Bourne, p. 71-2, 75-9
[28] Castro, p. 121-5, Bourne, p. 80-4, Ferrer, p. 277-82
[29] Bourne, p. 85-8
[30] Eakin, p. 308-1, Bourne, p. 90-4, 103
[31] Bourne, p. 90-4, 103-4, Batista, ch. 1-2
[32] Ferrer, p. 289-93
[33] Bourne, p. 104-11
[34] Eakin, p. 308-11, Bourne, p. 111-7, 123-6
[35] Ferrer, 293-8
[36] Eakin, p. 308-11, Bourne, p. 121-6
[37] Bourne, p. 123-30, Batista, ch. 4
[38] Draper, p. 11-3, Bourne, p. 130-3
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Primary Sources
Henry Kyemba, A State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin, (1977) amzn.to/4cFBIDC
Harold Macmillan, At the End of the Day, (1973) amzn.to/3Xh4NRr
Harold Wilson, The Labour Government 1964-1970: A Personal Record, (1971) amzn.to/4dYBvfW
Secondary Sources
Martin Meredith, The Fortunes of Africa: A 5000-Year History of Wealth, Greed, and Endeavor, (2014) amzn.to/3YUdlPB
John Reader, Africa: A Biography of a Continent, (1997) amzn.to/4dBJCiU
Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa: White Man’s Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876-1912, (1991) amzn.to/4cEpETl
Basil Davidson, Africa in History: Revised and Expanded Edition, (1991) amzn.to/4dXtg3E
Basil Davidson, A History of East and Central Africa to the Late 19th Century, (1969) amzn.to/4cI8mEG
Samwiri Rubaraza Karugire, A Political History of Uganda, (1980) archive.org/details/politicalhistory0000karu/page/n5/mode/2up
Leon Slawecki, “The Two Chinas in Africa”, Foreign Affairs, (January 1963) foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1963-01-01/two-chinas-africa
Clyde Sanger, “Toward Unity in Africa”, Foreign Affairs, (January 1964) foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1964-01-01/toward-unity-africa
David Martin, General Amin: The Most Shocking Expose yet of the Seventies’ bloodiest dictator, (1974) amzn.to/473cfTq
Footnotes
[1] Karugire, p. 140-1
[2] Davidson, East and Central, p. 16-24, 40-5, Karugire, p. 140-1, 131-3
[3] Davidson, East and Central, p. 212-5
[4] Pakenham, p. 80-2
[5] Davidson, East and Central, p. 215, Meredith, p. 401-4
[6] Meredith, p. 401-4
[7] Karugire, p. 140-1
[8] Reader, p. 579-81, Karugire, p. 99-100
[9] Karugire, p. 100-2, Meredith, p. 401-4
[10] Meredith, p. 520
[11] Karugire, p. 134-8, 144
[12] Meredith, p. 401-4, Karugire, p. 134-8
[13] Karugire, p. 140-1, Reader, p. 300-1
[14] Karugire, p. 128-33
[15] Karugire, p. 128-31
[16] Karugire, p. 145-7, 123-31
[17] Karugire, p. 134-8, 146-7
[18] Meredith, p. 530, 556, Karugire, p. 127-8, 141-2
[19] Karugire, p. 147-62
[20] Karugire, p. 162-8
[21] Meredith, p. 562, Karugire, p. 170-3
[22] Karugire, p. 173-186
[23] Karugire, p. 186-8
[24] Meredith, p. 602-3, Martin, p. 25-7
[25] Martin, p. 16-20, Kyemba, p. 15-18
[26] Martin, p. 21-5, Kyemba, p. 22-5
[27] Wilson, p. 276-81, Slawecki, Sanger
[28] Kyemba, p. 22-5
[29] Kyemba, p. 22-3
[30] Kyemba, p. 25-7, Martin, p. 27-9, Meredith, p. 610-2
[31] Kyemba, p. 25-32, Meredith, p. 610-2, Martin, p. 27-9
[32] Meredith, p. 610-2, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Obote
[33] Kyemba, p. 27-32, Martin, p. 29-31
[34] Kyemba, p. 32-5, Martin, p. 27-9, 31
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A special thanks to @UNITED24media for help researching this video. Check out their video about Putin's nuclear threats youtube.com/watch?v=SqTiu4o1HQY
Unlike most of the videos released this year, this video doesn't have footnotes. That's because the script for this video was written before I started footing them. All the sources I use in the video are listed below, and I will try to get footnotes ready for the supercut of this series. But deciphering my script and exactly where I got every bit of info in my notes is gonna take some time.
Primary Sources
Yuri Kostenko, Ukraine's Nuclear Disarmament: A History, Second Expanded Edition, (2023)
James A. Baker, III and Thomas M. DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992 (1995)
John Mearsheimer, “The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent,” Foreign Affairs, (June 1, 1993)
Roman Popadiuk, The Leadership of George Bush: An Insider’s View of the Forty-First President (2009)
Jack Matlock, Jr., Autopsy of an Empire: The American Ambassador’s Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union (1995)
Boris Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, (2000)
Dick Cheney, Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)
George Bush, Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
Secondary Sources
Serhii Plokhy, The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine, (2015)
Dimitri K. Simes, “America and the Post-Soviet Republics”, Foreign Affairs, June 1, 1992 foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1992-06-01/america-and-post-soviet-republics
McGeorge Bundy, William J. Crowe, JR., and Sidney Drell, “Reducing Nuclear Danger”, Foreign Affairs, March 1, 1993 foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1993-03-01/reducing-nuclear-danger
Budapest Memorandum en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum
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Primary Sources
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998) amzn.to/3yacFdV
Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011) amzn.to/3WuVT2l
James Baker, III and Thomas DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992, (1995) amzn.to/3LwxROb
Edward Heath, The Course of My Life: My Autobiography, (1998) amzn.to/4daB1D3
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General’s Memoir, (1997) amzn.to/3zMpA66
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf & Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography, (1993) amzn.to/46bK04P
Dan Quayle, Standing Firm: A Vice Presidential Memoir, (1994) amzn.to/4ffxAg8
Ehud Olmert, Searching for Peace: A Memoir of Israel, (2022) amzn.to/4falPaW
Ehud Barak, My Country, My Life: Fighting for Israel, Searching for Peace, (2018) amzn.to/3yefx9u
Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, (2018) amzn.to/3SbPp5R
Yitzhak Shamir, Summing Up: An Autobiography, (1994) amzn.to/3Ww7GgW
Secondary Sources
Con Coughlin, Saddam: The Secret Life, (2002) amzn.to/4bShRAP
Gordon Thomas, Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, (2012) amzn.to/3zRBFqL
Steve Coll, The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq, (2024) amzn.to/4dd9d0L
James Akins, “The New Arabia,” Foreign Affairs, (June 1, 1991) foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/1991-06-01/new-arabia
Footnotes
[1] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 388-91
[2] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 395, Baker, p. 329-32, Cheney, p. 204-6
[3] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 395-400
[4] Cheney, p. 204-6
[5] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 388-91
[6] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 388-402
[7] Cheney, p. 204-6, Baker, p. 332-8, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 388-400
[8] Coughlin, p. 257
[9] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 408-12
[10] Heath, p. 652-62
[11] Cuellar, p. 246-8
[12] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 402-12
[13] Coughlin, p. 260-3, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 423-5
[14] Schwarzkopf, p. 474-6, Cheney, p. 206-9, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 408-12
[15] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 416-23, Baker, p. 345-55
[16] Baker, p. 351-5, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 423-5
[17] Thomas, p. 307-10, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 423-5
[18] Coll, Achilles
[19] Baker, p. 300-1, Coll, Achilles, p. 204-6
[20] Baker, p. 351-5, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 416-23, Quayle, p. 213-6
[21] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 395-400, Baker, p. 332-8
[22] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 425-38
[23] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 438-9, Quayle, p. 223-7
[24] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 431-8
[25] Baker, p. 351-5
[26] Coll, Achilles, p. 192-4, Baker, p. 355-63
[27] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 443-6, Quayle, p. 223-7
[28] Baker, p. 366-78
[29] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 446-9, Baker, p. 366-78
[30] Olmert, p. 95-7
[31] Barak, p. 234, Arens, p. 168, Baker, p. 382
[32] Coughlin, p. 260-7
[33] Coll, Achilles, p. 194-6
[34] Coughlin, p. 263-7
[35] Cheney, p. 210-4
[36] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 450-1, Cheney, p. 214-7, Coll, Achilles, p. 209
[37] Coughlin, p. 263-7
[38] Coll, Achilles, p. 198-200
[39] Coughlin, p. 263-7, Baker, p. 382
[40] Coughlin, p. 267-70
[41] Thomas, p. 311-2, Quayle, p. 229-31, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 451-3
[42] Cheney, p. 210-4
[43] Olmert, p. 98-9, Cheney, p. 214-7, Coll, Achilles, p. 200-4
[44] Olmert, p. 98-9
[45] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 451-3, Coll, Achilles, p. 200-4, Olmert, p. 98-9
[46] Thomas, p. 311-2
[47] Coll, Achilles, p. 200-4, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 454-7
[48] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 457-61, Coughlin, p. 267-70
[49] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 457-61
[50] Coll, Achilles, p. 204-6, Coughlin, p. 267-70
[51] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 462-70, Cheney, p. 218-21
[52] Coll, Achilles, p. 206-10
[53] Coughlin, p. 270-2
[54] Coughlin, p. 270-2, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 470-9
[55] Coll, Achilles, p. 206-10
[56] Cheney, p. 221-4, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 479-85
[57] Coll, Achilles, p. 210
[58] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 479-87, Coll, Achilles, p. 210, Coughlin, p. 272
[59] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War
[60] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 488
[61] Akins
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Primary Sources
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf & Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography, (1993)
Barbara Bush, A Memoir, (1994)
Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace, (2004)
James Baker, III and Thomas DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992, (1995)
Colin Powell and Joseph Persico, My American Journey, (1996)
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General’s Memoir, (1997)
Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, (1993)
Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, (2018)
Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)
Dan Quayle, Standing Firm: A Vice Presidential Memoir, (1994)
Brian Mulroney, Memoirs: 1939-1993, (2007)
Secondary Sources
Con Coughlin, Saddam: The Secret Life, (2002)
Steve Coll, The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq, (2024)
Steve Coll, The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century, (2008)
Foot Notes
[1] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 366-9
[2] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 369-74
[3] Schwarzkopf, p. 426-7
[4] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 374-8
[5] Barbara Bush, p. 361-4, Schwarzkopf, p. 428-9, 431-2, 435-6
[6] Schwarzkopf, p. 422-6
[7] Schwarzkopf, p. 450-3
[8] youtu.be/mReikYtm7AA?si=x-B8udLyeU-GWAXg, youtu.be/04TQgNpsEnA?si=mNVVMjbbG80HdNDI
[9] youtu.be/GezSjpoe5iU?si=RlCO6b-XC5EVJPf6
[10] Ross, p. 48
[11] Baker, p. 294-9
[12] Powell, p. 465-7, Cuellar, p. 246-8
[13] Thatcher, p. 826, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 383-7
[14] Mulroney, p. 803-4, Barbara Bush, p. 361-4
[15] Coughlin, p. 257
[16] Arens, p. 168
[17] Arens, p. 166-8
[18] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings?wprov=sfla1
[19] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 378-80
[20] Cheney, p. 197-200, Schwarzkopf, p. 441-9
[21] Cheney, p. 197-200, Powell, p. 470-2
[22] Schwarzkopf, p. 456-61, Powell, p. 472-3
23] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 380-3, Schwarzkopf, p. 439-41, 461-3, Baker, p. 305-8
[24] Powell, p. 473-4
[25] Powell, p. 474-6, Schwarzkopf, p. 456-61
[26] Schwarzkopf, p. 471-3
[27] Schwarzkopf, p. 454-5
[28] Cheney, p. 200-4
[29] Baker, p. 301-5
[30] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 374-8
[31] Thatcher, p. 826, Coll, Achilles, p. 188-90, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 374-8
[32] Baker, p. 305-8, Quayle, p. 211-2
[33] Baker, p. 313-20
[34] Schwarzkopf, p. 411-20
[35] Schwarzkopf, p. 411-20
[36] Powell, p. 460-5, Schwarzkopf, p. 411-20
[37] Powell, p. 460-5
[38] Schwarzkopf, p. 411-20
[39] Coll, Bin Ladens, p. 375-7
[40] Coll, Bin Ladens, p. 377
[41] Thatcher, p. 826
[42] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 391-5
[43] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 402-7
[44] Baker, p. 308-13
[45] Baker, p. 313-20
[46] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 402-7
[47] Baker, p. 313-20
[48] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 408-12
[49] Mulroney, p. 805
[50] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 413-5
[51] Baker, p. 320-8
[52] Cuellar, p. 250-3, Powell, p. 476
[53] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 413-5
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Primary Sources
Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
John Sununu, The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H.W. Bush, (2015)
James Baker, III and Thomas DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992, (1995)
Colin Powell and Joseph Persico, My American Journey, (1996)
Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace, (2004)
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General’s Memoir, (1997)
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf & Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography, (1993)
Douglas Hurd, Memoirs, (2003)
Brian Mulroney, Memoirs: 1939-1993, (2007)
Yevgeny Primakov, Trans. Paul Gould, Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present, (2009)
Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs, (1995)
Eduard Shevardnadze, The Future Belongs to Freedom, (1991)
Secondary Sources
Micah Sifry & Christopher Cerf, The Gulf War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions, (1991)
Con Coughlin, Saddam: The Secret Life, (2002)
Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East, (2004)
Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, (2004)
Rashid Khalidi, The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017, (2017)
Steve Coll, The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq, (2024)
Footnotes
[1] Cheney, p. 181-3, Coll, Achilles, p. 171-4
[2] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 304-5, Sununu, p. 274-9, Thatcher, p. 816-21, Hurd, p. 390-1
[3] Cheney, p. 183-8
[4] Sununu, p. 274-9, Cuellar, p. 238-40
[5] Cuellar, p. 237-8
[6] Coughlin, p. 253-6, Coll, Achilles, p. 177-8, Schwarzkopf, p. 366-71
[7] Coughlin, p. 253-6, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 314-5
[8] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 322-4
[9] Schwarzkopf, p. 366-71, Sununu, p. 274-9, Cheney, p. 183-8
[10] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 315-7
[11] Powell, p. 449-53, Schwarzkopf, p. 366-71
[12] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 314-7, Cheney, p. 183-8, Sununu, p. 274-9
[13] Cheney, p. 183-8, Sununu, p. 274-9
[14] Sununu, p. 274-9, Thatcher, p. 816-2
[15] Coll, Achilles, p. 178-80, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 318-21
[16] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 318-21, Coll, Achilles, p. 178-80, Sununu, p. 274-9
[17] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 302-4
[18] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 374-8, nytimes.com/2003/04/05/books/critic-s-notebook-how-books-have-shaped-us-policy.html
[19] Ross, p. 64-5
[20] Ross, p. 64-5, Shevardnadze, p. 99-102
[21] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 314-5
[22] Powell, p. 449-53, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 322-4
[23] Sununu, p. 279-81
[24] Powell, p. 449-53
[25] Sununu, p. 279-81, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 324-6
[26] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 324-6
[27] Thatcher, p. 822-4, Baker, p. 283-5
[28] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 331-3
[29] Powell, p. 449-53, Cheney, p. 183-8, Schwarzkopf, p. 371-5
[30] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 327-30, Cheney, p. 188-92
[31] Baker, p. 277-81, Sununu, p. 281-3, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 327-30
[32] Schwarzkopf, p. 371-5, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 330-1
[33] Khalidi, p. 182-5
[34] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 334-5
[35] Sununu, p. 283-4, Powell, p. 449-53
[36] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 335-8, Cheney, p. 188-92
[37] Schwarzkopf, p. 375-82, Powell, p. 453-5
[38] Schwarzkopf, p. 384-8
[39] Sununu, p. 284-5, Mulroney, p. 795-803
[40] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 338-40, Coll, Achilles, p. 180-1
[41] Coughlin, p. 253-6, Cuellar, p. 238-40
[42] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 335-8, Baker, p. 283-5, Coughlin, p. 256-7
[43] Sununu, p. 285-6, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 338-40
[44] Baker, p. 277-81, Coughlin, p. 256-7
[45] Coll, Achilles, p. 181-2, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 340-2
[46] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 344-6
[47] Coughlin, p. 257, Sununu, p. 286
[48] Powell, p. 455-7
[49] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 349-51, Cuellar, p. 238-40
[50] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 349-51
[51] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 351-3, Baker, p. 285-7
[52] Schwarzkopf, p. 398-401
[53] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 351-3, Schwarzkopf, p. 398-401
[54] Baker, p. 287-91, Cuellar, p. 240-45
[55] Hurd, p. 392-4, Thatcher, p. 824-6
[56] Primakov, p. 302-11
[57] Gorbachev, p. 554, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 361-6
[58] Baker, p. 285-7, Sununu, p. 289-90
[59] Primakov, p. 314-6, Gorbachev, p. 551-3
[60] Baker, p. 291-4
[61] Baker, p. 294-9
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Primary Sources
George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: Diplomacy, Power, and the Victory of the American Ideal, (1993)
Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries: Unabridged, Volume I, January 1981-October 1985 (2009)
Ronald Reagan, An American Life: The Autobiography, (1990)
Barbara Bush, A Memoir, (1994)
Bill Clinton, My Life, (2004)
Madeleine Albright, Madam Secretary: A Memoir, (2003)
Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington, (2011)
Secondary Sources
Douglas H. Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars (2003)
Andrew Natsios, Sudan, South Sudan, & Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know, (2012)
Edgar O'Ballance, Sudan, Civil War and Terrorism, 1956-99, (2000)
Footnotes
[1] Johnson, 61-70
[2] Johnson, p. 66-73, Reagan, Diaries, p. 441-2
[3] Johnson, p. 70-2, Natsios, p. 69-73
[4] Johnson, p. 70-3, 79-81
[5] Natsios, p. 72-4
[6] Natios, p. 72-7, Johnson, p. 81-4
[7] Johnson, p. 84-5
[8] Johnson, 84-5, Natsios, p. 80-2
[9] Johnson, p. 127-30
[10] Natsios, p. 91-7
[11] Johnson, p. 85-7, Natsios, 91-7
[12] Johnson, p. 85-90
[13] Johnson, p. 94-6
[14] Johnson 94-99, 111-4
[15] Johnson, 111-9
[16] Johnson, p. 99-100, Albright, p. 569
[17] Johnson, p. 100-5
[18] Johnson, p. 114-9
[19] Johnson, p. 100-3, 120-1
[20] Johnson, 107-10, 120-1
[21] Natsios, p. 101-7, Clinton, p. 797
[22] Natsios, p. 101-7, 113-6 Albright, p. 464
[23] Johnson, p. 139-41
[24] Johnson, p. 139-41, Natsios, p. 122-9
[25] Natsios, p. 130-1
[26] Johnson, p. 141-2, Natsios, p. 163-6
[27] Natsios, 166-9
[28] Natsios, p. 132-4
[29] Nations, p. 135-43
[30] Rice, p. 385-92
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Primary Sources
Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, (1982)
Ronald Reagan, An American Life: The Autobiography, (1990)
Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, (1993)
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
John Sununu, The Quiet Man: The Indispensable Presidency of George H.W. Bush, (2015)
James Baker, III and Thomas DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992, (1995)
Dick Cheney and Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)
Colin Powell and Joseph Persico, My American Journey, (1996)
William Burns, The Back Channel: A Memoir of American Diplomacy and the Case for its Renewal, (2019)
Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace, (2004)
Javier Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General’s Memoir, (1997)
Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, (2018)
General H. Norman Schwarzkopf & Peter Petre, It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography, (1993)
Secondary Sources
Micah Sifry & Christopher Cerf, The Gulf War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions, (1991)
Saied Aburish, The Rise, Corruption and Coming Fall of The House of Saud, (1994)
Turi Munthe, The Saddam Hussein Reader, (2002)
Con Coughlin, Saddam: The Secret Life, (2002)
Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, (2004)
Michael Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present, (2011)
Gordon Thomas, Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad, (2012)
Robert Draper, To Start a War: How the Bush Administration Took America into Iraq, (2020)
Steve Coll, The Achilles Trap: Saddam Hussein, The CIA, and the Origins of America’s Invasion of Iraq, (2024)
Footnotes
[1] billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1990-08-04, boxofficemojo.com/month/august/1990, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/357298/000035729801500016/dowjones.html
[2] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 302-4
[3] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2
[4] Coughlin, p. 150-62
[5] Coughlin, p. 166-71, 211-5
[6] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2
[7] Little, p. 137-42
[8] Little, p. 137-42
[9] Little, p. 142-55
[10] Reagan, p. 273, 410-5
[11] Coughlin, p. 211-5, Cuellar, p. 131-2
[12] Draper, p. 53-6
[13] Baker, p. 260-4, Oren, p. 560-3
[14] Saddam Reader, Black, p. 189-7, Draper, p. 57-9
[15] Baker, p. 260-4
[16] Coll, Achilles,p. 144-6
[17] Baker, p. 260-4
[18] Coughlin, p. 237-42
[19] Schwarzkopf, p. 346-8
[20] Baker, p. 264-7, Coll, Achilles,p. 144-6
[21] Coughlin, p. 239-42, 247-9
[22] Draper, p. 59-62
[23] Coll, Achilles,p. 147-8
[24] Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 99-101
[25] Coughlin, p. 245-7, Coll, Achilles,p. 148-50
[26] Baker, p. 267-71, Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 102
[27] Coll, Achilles,p. 150-2, Thomas, p. 303-7
[28] Arens, p. 164-5
[29] Coll, Achilles,p. 152-6, Bush, Scowcroft, p. 307-12
[30] Baker, p. 267-71
[31] Gulf War Reader, The Economist, p. 102-3
[32] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9, Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 63-4
[33] Coughlin, p. 247-9, Baker, p. 267-71
[34] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9
[35] Baker, p. 267-71
[36] Coll, Achilles,p 159-63
[37] Baker, p. 271-4, Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 63-4
[38] Sununu, p. 271-4
[39] Bush, Scowcroft, p. 307-12
[40] Coll, Achilles,p 159-63
[41] Baker, p. 271-4
[42] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8
[43] Cheney, p. 181-3, Arens, p. 164-5, Schwarzkopf, p. 362-6
[44] Gulf War Reader, Khalidi, p. 61-2
[45] Coll, Achilles,p. 156-9, Powell, p. 446-9
[46] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8
[47] Coll, Achilles, p. 163-8, Baker, p. 271
[48] Burns, p. 56-60, Baker, p. 271-4
[49] Sununu, p. 271-4
[50] Coll, Achilles, p. 168-71
[51] Coughlin, p. 249-52
[52] Powell, p. 446-9
[53] Schwarzkopf, p. 366-71,
Powell, p. 446-9
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Guest Voices
@SamAronow @CivilWarWeekByWeek @HistoryandHeadlines
Primary Sources
Mark Heller, “The Middle East: Out of Step with History”, Foreign Affairs, (February 1, 1990)
Yitzhak Shamir, Summing Up: An Autobiography, (1994)
Colin Powell, Joseph Persico, My American Journey, (1995)
George Bush, Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace, (2004)
Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Unvanquished: A U.S. - U.N. Saga, (1999)
Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, (2018)
Barbara Bush, A Memoir, (1994)
Warren Christopher, Chances of a Lifetime: A Memoir, (2001)
Michael Oren, Ally: My Journey Across the American-Israeli Divide, (2015)
Shimon Peres, Battling for Peace: A Memoir, (1995)
Benjamin Netanyahu, Bibi: My Story, (2022)
Ehud Barak, My Country, My Life: Fighting for Israel, Searching for Peace (2018)
Ehud Olmert, Searching for Peace: A Memoir of Israel, (2022)
Secondary Sources
Howard Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, (2007)
Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History, (2008)
Daniel Gordis, Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn, (2016)
Daniel Gordis, Impossible Takes Longer: 75 Years After Its Creation, Has Israel Fulfilled Its Founders’ Dreams?, (2023)
Nicholas Blanford, Warriors of God: Inside Hezbollah’s Thirty-Year Struggle Against Israel, (2011)
Matti Friedman, Pumpkinflowers: A Soldier’s Story of a Forgotten War, (2016)
Ronen Bergman, Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations, (2018)
Footnotes
[1] youtu.be/gORVn71fxZA?si=6n_H5lM-9A_WocVN
[2] Barak (p. 191-4), Olmert (p. 71-6)
[3] youtu.be/gORVn71fxZA?si=6n_H5lM-9A_WocVN
[4] Ross (p. 46-53)
[5] youtu.be/gORVn71fxZA?si=6n_H5lM-9A_WocVN
[6] Blanford, ch. 2
[7] Blanford, ch. 3
[8] Friedman, p. 19-20, 11
[9] Bergman (p. 400-2)
[10] Bush, Scowcroft (p. 325, 431)
[11] Shamir (p. 217), Oren (p. 34-8)
[12] Barak (p. 234)
[13] Bush, Scowcroft (p. 451-2)
[14] Shamir (p. 217), Gilbert (p. 547)
[15] Netanyahu (p. 201-4)
[16] Bush, Scowcroft (p. 471, 356), Powell (p. 513)
[17] Friedman (p. 18)
[18] Ross (p. 65-7)
[19] Barak (p. 243-5)
[20] Blanford (ch. 4)
[21] Ross (p. 67-73), Sachar (p. 984-6)
[22] Ross (p. 70-3)
[23] Shamir (p. 235-42), Christopher (p. 194-6)
[24] Netanyahu (p. 204-6)
[25] Sachar (p. 984-6)
[26] Boutros-Ghali (p. 181-3)
[27] Bergman (p. 398-400), Blanford (ch. 3)
[28] Blanford (ch. 3)
[29] Bergman (p. 398-400)
[30] Blanford (ch. 3)
[31] Bergman (p. 400-2)
[32] Netanyahu (p. 214-6)
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Bibliography
Douglas H. Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars (2003) amzn.to/3uaYF1D
Andrew Natsios, Sudan, South Sudan, & Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know, (2012) amzn.to/3ucfoBI
Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, (1982) amzn.to/3uaYLGx
Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices: Critical Years in America's Foreign Policy (1983) amzn.to/3vZLfWO
Ariel Sharon, David Chanoff, Warrior: An Autobiography, (1989) amzn.to/3OpKvRa
George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: Diplomacy, Power, and the Victory of the American Ideal, (1993) amzn.to/48QQG8V
Alexander M. Haig, Jr., Caveat: Realism, Reagan, And Foreign Policy, (1984) amzn.to/49mByzS
Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries: Unabridged, Volume I, January 1981-October 1985 (2009) amzn.to/3w0U2rx
Ronald Reagan, An American Life: The Autobiography, (1990) amzn.to/3vYBuYN
Barbara Bush, A Memoir, (1994) amzn.to/3SINqqm
Second Sudanese Civil War (Wikipedia) en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War
Footnotes
[1] Natsios, p. 40-1, 47, Johnson, p. 55-7
[2] Johnson, 39-40
[3] Johnson, 41-2
[4] Johnson 59-61, 87-90, Vance, 72, Carter 283-4
[5] Johnson, 55-7
[6] Natsios, 53-5
[7] Natsios, 117-21
[8] Johnson, 51-3, Natsios, 59-61
[9] Johnson, 42-3, 51-3
[10] Natsios, 57-8, Johnson, 43-4
[11] Natsios, 117-21, Johnson, 44-5
[12] Johnson 47-51
[13] Natsios 58-9
[14] Bush, 91-2
[15] Johnson, 44-7
[16] Johnson, 43, 51-3
[17] Johnson, 53-5
[18] Johnson 55-7, Natsios, 53-5
[19] Johnson 53-5, Natsios 55-6, Carter 271
[20] Sharon 415-7, Johnson, 59-61
[21] Natsios 59-66
[22] Johnson, 61-6
[23] Carter, 205
[24] Haig, 30, Johnson, 57-8
[25] Reagan, Life, 290, Reagan, Diaries, 86
[26] Reagan Diaries, 196-8, 241, 255-6, Shultz, 294, 667, Reagan, Life, 444
[27] Johnson, 55-7
[28] Natsios 59-61, 68-9, Johnson 67-70
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A special thanks to @UNITED24media for help researching this video. Check out their video about Putin's nuclear threats youtube.com/watch?v=SqTiu4o1HQY
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Primary Sources
Yuri Kostenko, Ukraine's Nuclear Disarmament: A History, Second Expanded Edition, (2023)
James A. Baker, III and Thomas M. DeFrank, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War & Peace, 1989-1992 (1995)
John Mearsheimer, “The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent,” Foreign Affairs, (June 1, 1993)
Roman Popadiuk, The Leadership of George Bush: An Insider’s View of the Forty-First President (2009)
Jack Matlock, Jr., Autopsy of an Empire: The American Ambassador’s Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union (1995)
Boris Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, (2000)
Dick Cheney, Liz Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir, (2011)
George Bush, Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, (1998)
Secondary Sources
Serhii Plokhy, The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine, (2015)
Dimitri K. Simes, “America and the Post-Soviet Republics”, Foreign Affairs, June 1, 1992 foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1992-06-01/america-and-post-soviet-republics
McGeorge Bundy, William J. Crowe, JR., and Sidney Drell, “Reducing Nuclear Danger”, Foreign Affairs, March 1, 1993 foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1993-03-01/reducing-nuclear-danger
Budapest Memorandum en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum
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Primary Sources
David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History (1972) amzn.to/3LGZsg6
Chaim Weizmann, Trial And Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (1949) amzn.to/46zZi2h
Anthony Eden, The Memoirs of Anthony Eden: Facing the Dictators (1962) amzn.to/3PXzk3f
Palestine Royal Commission Report (July, 1937) archive.org/details/palestine-royal-commission-report
Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (1948) archive.org/details/memoirsofcordell0002unse_m2l0/page/n5/mode/2up
Khalil al-Sakakini, Such Am I, O World, (1990)
Elias Sasson, Baderekh el Hashalom: Igrot Vesihot (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1978)
Viscount Samuel, "Alternatives to Partition: The Palestine Report", Foreign Affairs, (October 1, 1937) foreignaffairs.com/articles/israel/1937-10-01/alternatives-partition
Robert Gale Woolbert, "Pan Arabism and the Palestine Problem", Foreign Affairs, (January 1938) foreignaffairs.com/articles/palestinian-authority/1938-01-01/pan-arabism-and-palestine-problem
Sir George Rendel, The Sword and the Olive: Recollections of Diplomacy and the Foreign Service, 1913-1954 (1957) amzn.to/3vizkTC
Moshe Dayan, Moshe Dayan: The Story of my Life, (1976) amzn.to/41H1t2U
David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, (1972) amzn.to/3RHVKF4
Chaim Weizmann, Trial And Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (1949) Volume I amzn.to/3RMqHbA, Volume II amzn.to/3RCF5D1
Secondary Sources
Oren Kessler, Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict, (2023) amzn.to/45rgh6u
Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab Israeli-war (2008) amzn.to/48CPjLt
Hillel Frisch, The Palestinian Military: Between Militias and Armies (2008) amzn.to/45elqhB
Baruch Kimmerling and Josel S. Migdal, The Palestinian People: a history (2003) archive.org/details/isbn_9780674011298
Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, (1999) amzn.to/44n199b
Rashid Khalidi, The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017 (2020) amzn.to/3qNADrK
Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness, (1997) amzn.to/45KtfvV
Jillian Becker, The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization, (1984) amzn.to/3qHATsn
Efraim Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, (2010) amzn.to/44tbTm8
Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, (1993) amzn.to/3TGQF2O
Naomi Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917-1948 (1999) amzn.to/48xaHRs
Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948 (2008) amzn.to/3to3lAU
Additional Voice Work Provided By:
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@HistoryandHeadlines
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Primary Sources
Battling for Peace, by Shimon Peres amzn.to/3J3RHPg
The Rabin Memoirs, by Yitzhak Rabin amzn.to/3TanjHN
Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, Vol. 1, amzn.to/3mLXzW1
Waging Peace, by Dwight D. Eisenhower amzn.to/3JxuvKD
White House Years, by Henry Kissinger amzn.to/3UjKLma
Warrior: An Autobiography, by Ariel Sharron and David Chanoff amzn.to/3nZu0AB
The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, amzn.to/3Unsu7u
Secondary Sources
The Bomb in the Basement, by Michael Karpin amzn.to/423E3US
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, by Howard M. Sachar amzn.to/3YESMTm
Israel: A History, by Martin Gilbert amzn.to/3T5SNyH
Israel: A History, by Martin Gilbert amzn.to/3T5SNyH
Six Days of War, by Michael B. Oren, amzn.to/41d7Qt7
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Primary Sources
Sir George Rendel, The Sword and the Olive: Recollections of Diplomacy and the Foreign Service, 1913-1954 (1957)
Moshe Dayan, Moshe Dayan: The Story of my Life, (1976)
David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, (1972)
Chaim Weizmann, Trial And Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (1949)
Secondary Sources
Oren Kessler, Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict, (2023)
Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab Israeli-war (2008)
Baruch Kimmerling and Josel S. Migdal, The Palestinian People: a history (2003)
Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, (1999)
Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, (1993)
Naomi Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917-1948 (1999)
Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948 (2008)
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Primary Sources
Sir George Rendel, The Sword and the Olive: Recollections of Diplomacy and the Foreign Service, 1913-1954 (1957)
Moshe Dayan, Moshe Dayan: The Story of my Life, (1976)
David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, (1972)
Chaim Weizmann, Trial And Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (1949)
Secondary Sources
Oren Kessler, Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict, (2023)
Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab Israeli-war (2008)
Baruch Kimmerling and Josel S. Migdal, The Palestinian People: a history (2003)
Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, (1999)
Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, (1993)
Naomi Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917-1948 (1999)
Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948 (2008)
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Primary Sources
Richard Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (1978)
Edward Heath, The Course of My Life: The Autobiography of Edward Heath (1998)
Harold Wilson, Final Term: The Labour Government 1974-1976 (1979)
James Callaghan, Time & Change (1987)
Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, (1994)
Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, (1993)
Douglas Hurd, Memoirs, (2003)
John Major, John Major: The Autobiography, (1999)
Tony Blair, A Journey: My Political Life, (2010)
Bill Clinton, My Life, (2004)
Secondary Sources
Jonathan Dimbleby, The Last Governor: Chris Patten & the Handover of Hong Kong, (1997)
Vaudine England, Fortune's Bazaar: The Making of Hong Kong, (2023)
Jerome Alan Cohen, "Recognizing China", Foreign Affairs (October 1, 1971)
Robert W. Barnett, "China and Taiwan: The Economic Issues", Foreign Affairs, (April 1, 1972)
E.S. Browning, "East Asia in Search of a Second Economic Miracle", Foreign Affairs, (September 1, 1981)
Frank Ching, "Misreading Hong Kong", Foreign Affairs, (May 1, 1997)
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Sources
Sam C. Nolutshungu, Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad (1996)
Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff, Conflicts in Chad (1981)
Claude Wauthier, “France and Africa: Long Live Neo-Colonialism”, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring, 1972) jstor.org/stable/1166640?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Relevant Wikipedia Articles
History of Chad en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Chad
French Chad en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Chad
Chadian Civil War (1965-1979) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(1965%E2%80%931979)
Francois Tombalbaye en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye
FROLINAT en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FROLINAT
Volcan Army en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcan_Army
Ibrahim Abatcha en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Abatcha
Abba Siddick en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Siddick
Hissene Habre en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9
Chadian-Libyan War en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War
Idriss Deby en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by
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A Special thanks to Oren Kessler and his book, Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict, for making this video possible.
For various reasons I needed to take the original video down. So I decided to go back to the drawing board and make a bigger and better version of the original video, which is 30 minutes longer than the original. If you want to learn more about this subject, check out the sources listed here;
Primary Sources
David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History (1972) amzn.to/3LGZsg6
Chaim Weizmann, Trial And Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (1949) amzn.to/46zZi2h
Anthony Eden, The Memoirs of Anthony Eden: Facing the Dictators (1962) amzn.to/3PXzk3f
Palestine Royal Commission Report (July, 1937) archive.org/details/palestine-royal-commission-report
Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (1948) archive.org/details/memoirsofcordell0002unse_m2l0/page/n5/mode/2up
Khalil al-Sakakini, Such Am I, O World, (1990)
Elias Sasson, Baderekh el Hashalom: Igrot Vesihot (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1978)
Viscount Samuel, "Alternatives to Partition: The Palestine Report", Foreign Affairs, (October 1, 1937) foreignaffairs.com/articles/israel/1937-10-01/alternatives-partition
Robert Gale Woolbert, "Pan Arabism and the Palestine Problem", Foreign Affairs, (January 1938) foreignaffairs.com/articles/palestinian-authority/1938-01-01/pan-arabism-and-palestine-problem
Secondary Sources
Oren Kessler, Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict, (2023) amzn.to/45rgh6u
Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab Israeli-war (2008) amzn.to/48CPjLt
Hillel Frisch, The Palestinian Military: Between Militias and Armies (2008) amzn.to/45elqhB
Baruch Kimmerling and Josel S. Migdal, The Palestinian People: a history (2003) archive.org/details/isbn_9780674011298
Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, (1999) amzn.to/44n199b
Rashid Khalidi, The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017 (2020) amzn.to/3qNADrK
Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness, (1997) amzn.to/45KtfvV
Jillian Becker, The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization, (1984) amzn.to/3qHATsn
Efraim Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, (2010) amzn.to/44tbTm8
Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement, (1993)
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Sources
Kepi, “Versailles – Before and After”, Foreign Affairs, (December 15, 1923)
foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-kingdom/1923-12-15/versailles-and-after
B, “The Situation in the Far East”, Foreign Affairs, (June 15, 2023)
foreignaffairs.com/articles/east-asia/1923-06-15/situation-far-east
A, “Two Years of American Foreign Policy”, Foreign Affairs, (March 15, 1923)
foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/1923-03-15/two-years-american-foreign-policy
Relevant Wikipedia Articles
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Naval_Conference
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_for_the_Reduction_and_Limitation_of_Armaments
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_London_Naval_Treaty
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Read my sources to get a fuller understanding of the subject. I would like to especially thank Oren Kessler for his research in "Palestine 1936," which was of great help.
Sources
Oren Kessler, Palestine 1936, (2023) amzn.to/45rgh6u
Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete:, (1999) amzn.to/44n199b
Rashid Khalidi, The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine (2020) amzn.to/3qNADrK
Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity, (1997) amzn.to/45KtfvV
Jillian Becker, The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization, (1984) amzn.to/3qHATsn
Efraim Karsh, Palestine Betrayed, (2010) amzn.to/44tbTm8
Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, (1993)
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Sources
Behind the Tiananmen Massacre: Social, Political, and Economic Ferment in China, by Chu-yuan Cheng
Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs
Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years
George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed
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Sources
Yasir Elhadi Hamid, The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955-1972 (2009)
Anthony Eden, Full Circle: The Memoirs of Anthony Eden (1960)
Harold Macmillan, Riding the Storm: 1956-1959 (1971)
Harold Wilson, The Labour Government 1964-1970: A Personal Record (1971)
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Sources & Affiliates
Robert Blake, A History of Rhodesia (1977)
Ian Douglas Smith, Bitter Harvest: Zimbabwe and the Aftermath of its Independence (2008)
Harold Macmillan, Pointing the Way 1959-1961, (1972)
Harold Macmillan, At the End of the Day, (1973)
Harold Wilson, The Labour Government 1964-1970: A Personal Record, (1971)
Bishop Abel Tendekai Muzorewa, Rise Up and Walk (1978)
Lawrence Vambe, From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe (1976)
Robin Palmer, Land and Racial Domination in Rhodesia (1977)
Guest Voices
@OldBritannia
@Bamise
@CivilWarWeekByWeek
@SomasAcademy
@Soliloquy084
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Sources & Affiliate Links
A 'Black Fly' for Gaddafi, Vladimir Katin
Libya: The History of Gaddafi's Pariah State, John Oakes
"Guns and Gray Matter: Terrorism in Italy, Alberto Ronchey foreignaffairs.com/articles/italy/1979-03-01/guns-and-gray-matter-terrorism-italy
"Reflections on Terrorism", Walter Laqueur foreignaffairs.com/articles/1986-09-01/reflections-terrorism
"International Terrorism", Robert Oakley foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/1986-01-01/international-terrorism
"Terrorism and the Law", Abraham D. Sofaer foreignaffairs.com/articles/1986-06-01/terrorism-and-law
"The United States and Libya", Edward Schumacher foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/1986-12-01/united-states-and-libya
"Libya and Terrorism", Boaz Ganor https://ict.org.il/UserFiles/Libya%20and%20Terrorism.pdf
"Libya's Empire of Terror", Samuel T. Francis https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA02562804_68
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi
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Sources
The Bomb in the Basement, by Michael Karpin amzn.to/423E3US
Battling for Peace, by Shimon Peres amzn.to/3J3RHPg
The Rabin Memoirs, by Yitzhak Rabin amzn.to/3TanjHN
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, by Howard M. Sachar amzn.to/3YESMTm
Israel: A History, by Martin Gilbert amzn.to/3T5SNyH
White House Years, by Henry Kissinger amzn.to/3UjKLma
Warrior: An Autobiography, by Ariel Sharron and David Chanoff amzn.to/3nZu0AB
The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, amzn.to/3Unsu7u
Six Days of War, by Michael B. Oren, amzn.to/41d7Qt7
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Sources & Affiliate Links
The Bomb in the Basement, by Michael Karpin amzn.to/423E3US
Battling for Peace, by Shimon Peres amzn.to/3J3RHPg
The Rabin Memoirs, by Yitzhak Rabin amzn.to/3TanjHN
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, by Howard M. Sachar amzn.to/3YESMTm
Israel: A History, by Martin Gilbert amzn.to/3T5SNyH
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Chapters
0:00 Support the Channel
4:07 Introduction
6:27 Pre-Colonial Lebanon
9:03 Colonial Lebanon
14:01 Independent Lebanon
32:43, 1975
45:01, 1976
54:57, 1977
59:10, 1978
1:08:48, 1979
1:12:56, 1980
1:15:39, 1981
1:21:48, 1982
1:41:35, Sabra & Shatila
1:53:49, 1982 Continued
2:02:55, 1983
2:15:22, 1984
2:27:58, 1985
2:42:50, 1986
2:44:32, 1987
2:47:48, 1988
2:53:18, 1989
3:11:54, 1990 and Beyond
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Sources & Affiliate Links
The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict, amzn.to/3DQmUCY
Peace in the Making: The Menachem Begin - Anwar Sadat Personal Correspondence, vamzn.to/3DYq8V1
Ariel Sharon, David Chanoff, Warrior: An Autobiography, amzn.to/3tjaZIY
Moshe Arens, In Defense of Israel: A Memoir of a Political Life, amzn.to/3EkX4Z8
Yitzhak Shamir, Summing Up: An Autobiography, amzn.to/3TtxhT4
Shimon Peres, Battling for Peace: A Memoir, amzn.to/3fQeHa4
Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs: Expanded Edition, amzn.to/3Uv5PW8
Moshe Dayan, Breakthrough: A Personal Account of the Egypt-Israel Peace Negotiations, amzn.to/3EmPf59
Ezer Weizman, The Battle for Peace, amzn.to/3fTcQBk
Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President, amzn.to/3Uyggs7
Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign, Policamzn.to/3A686iuy
Conspiracy Theories in the Arab World: Sources and Politics, amzn.to/3ULMNKX
Aaron David Miller, The Much Too Promised Land: America’s Elusive Search for Arab-Israeli Peace, amzn.to/3fWrV4Z
Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, amzn.to/3Uu72wS
Gulshan Dhanani, “Israeli Withdrawal from Sinai,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 17, No. 20 (May 15, 1982) pp. 821-2
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