Art of the Problem | Gambling with Secrets: 8/8 (RSA Encryption) @ArtOfTheProblem | Uploaded 12 years ago | Updated 11 hours ago
RSA Encryption - How & why it works. Euclid, Euler, Cocks and much more

Link to time complexity graph used in the video:
khanacademy.org/labs/explorations/time-complexity
Newer animated version:
khanacademy.org/math/applied-math/cryptography/modern-crypt/p/time-complexity-exploration