How Computers Compute: Binary and Transistor - thoroughly explained in 30 Minutes! @Learning0to1

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Why computers use 0 and 1? Why electricity is number? What is a transistor? What are Logic Gates? How do computers compute? Lots of us are curious about how computers work. But most online sources keep parroting the clichés of `0s and 1s, binary, switches' without shedding much light, leaving people more confused. Authors of this video experienced the same tortures and decided to take a non-traditional approach in tackling the issue.

Part 1 aims at a thorough understanding of binary numbers and number representations in computers.

Part 2 focuses on EXACTLY how to wire the computing circuits to build the computing engine.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
     S: PanicScare.wav by SirBedlam -- freesound.org/s/124955 -- License: Attribution
     S: typing on keyboard.wav by kgatto -- freesound.org/s/240280 -- License: Attribution
     S: Pencil, Writing, Close, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/398271 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: science 0F_22mi by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/143994 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: 04088 big cartoon tremolo jump.wav by Robinhood76 -- freesound.org/s/178174 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: piltdown man.flac by Incarnadine -- freesound.org/s/30376 -- License: Sampling+L:N

#binary #transistors #computers

updated 4 years ago

How Computers Compute: Binary and Transistor - thoroughly explained in 30 Minutes!

Learning0to1 2019-10-28 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Why computers use 0 and 1? Why electricity is number? What is a transistor? What are Logic Gates? How do computers compute? Lots of us are curious about how computers work. But most online sources keep parroting the clichés of `0s and 1s, binary, switches' without shedding much light, leaving people more confused. Authors of this video experienced the same tortures and decided to take a non-traditional approach in tackling the issue.

Part 1 aims at a thorough understanding of binary numbers and number representations in computers.

Part 2 focuses on EXACTLY how to wire the computing circuits to build the computing engine.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
     S: PanicScare.wav by SirBedlam -- freesound.org/s/124955 -- License: Attribution
     S: typing on keyboard.wav by kgatto -- freesound.org/s/240280 -- License: Attribution
     S: Pencil, Writing, Close, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/398271 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: science 0F_22mi by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/143994 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: 04088 big cartoon tremolo jump.wav by Robinhood76 -- freesound.org/s/178174 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: piltdown man.flac by Incarnadine -- freesound.org/s/30376 -- License: Sampling+L:N

#binary #transistors #computers

New course: How calculus helps us really understand trigonometry (FREE coupon)

Learning0to1 2024-09-30 | Course FREE coupon: expire on Oct 31,2024, limited 100 total
udemy.com/course/how-calculus-helps-us-really-understand-trigonometry/?couponCode=FB6F0019A88C7AA220AF

We are happy to announce our new course “How Calculus helps us really understand Trigonometry”. It manifests our consistent attempt to bring different math pieces together in forming a coherent big picture.
Through this course we aim to provide the learners a coherent understanding about Calculus from various aspects. Besides the basic Calculus skills, Taylor series expansion and Fourier analysis will be discussed in greater detail. You will walk away with way more than just the basic Calculus mechanics, you will have a holistic understanding about the overall role of Calculus in a bigger picture. Let’s learn math in a meaningful way!

Music: Moving on by Wayne Jones
#calculus

Math language and expressions #SoMEpi

Learning0to1 2024-08-01 | Most of us know that e is used as a common base for expressing exponential relationships, but why? In particular, why do we need to convert from any other base to base e? What this conversion allows us to do? And how to understand the mechanics of such conversion? We will explore these questions in this video. Through this journey you will gain a deeper understanding about the special properties of math languages, a topic which we rarely think about. After this video you will see how the difficult concepts of e, log are naturally connected.

This video is for the competition #SoMEpi.

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An algorithm for logarithm

Learning0to1 2024-05-21 | In this video we will discuss an efficient method to compute log. It's based on the method explained in the previous video 'how to compute log by hand'

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How does Newtons method make sense?

Learning0to1 2024-04-11 | In this video we will discuss the non-geometrical meaning of Newton's method. So many explanations are from the perspective of geometry, but how does the method make sense in the first place?

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How inverse normal work?

Learning0to1 2023-12-17 | Random number generation is critical in Monte Carlo simulation. In this video we talk about how it can be understood as wheel spinning.

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A new way to learning

Learning0to1 2023-11-25 | This is our vision about education. Support us through Patreon, Paypal, or Udemy purchases.

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CORDIC Algorithm

Learning0to1 2023-11-19 | In this video we will share our understanding about this algorithm. Excel demonstration can be found in our Patreon video.

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Understand memory latches

Learning0to1 2023-10-30 | To support our work, please get the full video through our Patreon.
-- Memory latch is perhaps one of the most difficult concepts for electronics beginner. After years of work, we finally arrive at this crisp version of understanding. It's perfect for any electronics beginners seeking a better understanding.

Full course: How computers work
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Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications

Learning0to1 2023-09-14 | Full course: Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications
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We are excited to announce our math modeling course: Stock Price Modeling – learn math through real life applications. For those bored by math lectures, what’s more fun to learn math other than modeling a real life problem? In this course, you will see how various tools are brought together to solve a real problem in Wall Street -- option pricing. You will acquire various knowledge in math, probability theory, Excel modeling, Financial engineering all at once! So join in this course if you want to understand how math is applied in real life!

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Cartoon images from Shutterstock under standard license

What is differential equation?

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In this video, we explore the essence of differential equations by comparing it to other ordinary equations.

Taylor series explained simply

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In this video I want to discuss the intuition behind Taylor series expansion. I am using motion as an example.

Black Scholes Formula explained simply

Learning0to1 2023-05-03 | Full course: Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications
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In this video I want to share some insights about Black Scholes formula, the famous derivative pricing formula that won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Convolution explained simply

Learning0to1 2023-04-14 | Convolution can be understood easily using a practical example of sound editing!

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How To Compete With AI pick a smart battle

Learning0to1 2023-04-08 | The age of AI is coming. Are we prepared? How to compete with them? The answer is, pick a smart battle! It's futile to compete with them in something we are not good at.

Explain log and e in 4 minutes

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This video summarizes the meaning of log and e in a compact way.

Understanding Eulers formula - Natural cyclical change

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In this video I want to share my understanding about Euler's formula, complex number, from physics perspective.

Proofs regarding e and log

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in this video we will talk about how to prove that 1) e is the right language to express any natural change and 2) log is the right operation to extract natural growth rate.

How to use the relationship between e and log

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To see how log and e are used in real life, check out this course on 'Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications'

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Music: Lifting Dream by Aakash Gandhi

How e becomes the language for change

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To see how log and e are used in real life, check out our course on 'Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications'

---------
Music:Invisible Beauty by Aakash Gandhi

How to compute logarithm by hand

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To see how e and log are used in real life, get our course on 'Stock Price Modeling - Learn Math Through Real Applications'

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music: Beneath the Moonlight by Aaron Kenny

How Computers Work - explained in 10 minutes

Learning0to1 2022-09-13 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Curious about how computers work? Heard about instruction fetch cycle but not sure what that mean? To give you more tangible understanding, in this video we go through the design principles with the right amount of details. It’s a condensed summary of our 3-year work on the subject.
Your support will help us keep making great content!

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Easy Day by Kevin MacLeod

Eulers number e

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The concept of ‘e’ has been confusing from the start. In this video we will explain clearly what it is, what it means and how to calculate it.

Why irrational numbers dont make sense

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The name of irrational numbers suggests that they don’t make sense. In this video I explored a bit the topic, trying to interpret the paradoxes around it in my own way.

Geometric Series and limit

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As I am working on the infinite series, I realized that geometric series can be understood from the perspective of number base. Each series can be deemed as a particular decimal representation from the corresponding number base. This new way of thinking can help us understand e later.

Binomial Theorem - an intuitive approach

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As we are developing new courses on math, we constantly bump into interesting math topics. So we will share any topics we find interesting and useful on a stand-alone basis. But due to our resource limitation, we will focus more on the ideas instead of animations.
This video is about binomial theorem, a theory useful when deriving derivative of polynomials and also finding the limit of e. This video aims to derive the theorem from scratch, rather than using existing formula without explanation.

Conditional Jump Instruction | What is programming? #4.2

Learning0to1 2022-05-07 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-SEP

This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. This video talks about the second part of implementing the jump condition instruction allowing users to get out of the loop: jump condition instruction that uses the conditions set by CMP instruction. It’s a critical tool behind the looping function of any computer programming.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I
#2 Store and Load Instructions: youtu.be/SmmxYY370zQ
#3 Jump Instruction: youtu.be/k7pwbvbk4Zk
#4 CMP Instruction: youtu.be/VQigdbuUVtQ
#5 Jump Condition Instruction: youtu.be/hGd-Ecv1tkc

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Angel’s Dream by Aakash Gandhi

Compare Instruction (CMP) | What is programming? #4.1

Learning0to1 2021-10-25 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. This video talks about the first part of implementing the jump condition instruction allowing users to get out of the loop: compare instruction that set up the conditions first. It’s a critical tool behind the looping function of any computer programming.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I
#2 Store and Load Instructions: youtu.be/SmmxYY370zQ
#3 Jump Instruction: youtu.be/k7pwbvbk4Zk
#4 CMP Instruction: youtu.be/VQigdbuUVtQ
**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Easy Day by Kevin MacLeod

Jump Instruction | What is programming? #3

Learning0to1 2021-08-10 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-SEP

This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. This video talks about jump instruction that allows users to repetitively execute certain instructions without the need to rewrite the same codes. It’s a critical tool behind the looping function of any computer programming.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I
#2 Store and Load Instructions: youtu.be/SmmxYY370zQ
#3 Jump Instruction: youtu.be/k7pwbvbk4Zk

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Kiss the Sky by Aakash Gandhi

#JumpInstruction #MachineCode #Programming

Store and Load Instructions | What is programming? #2

Learning0to1 2021-06-26 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. This video talks about Store and Load instructions that will move the calculated data between RAM and registers.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I
#2 Store and Load Instructions: youtu.be/SmmxYY370zQ

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: White River by Aakash Gandhi

#StoreInstruction #LoadInstruction #MachineCode

Data instruction | What is programming? #1

Learning0to1 2021-05-01 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. This video talks about the first instruction that will move the initial data from RAM into registers, Data instruction.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Invisible Beauty by Aakash Gandhi

#DataInstruction #Programming #MachineCode

What is Programming? - Introduction

Learning0to1 2021-05-01 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-SEP

What is programming? This video series discusses the instruction set that make a computer a computer. Watch the intro video to get an idea!

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:

Series 1: How Computers Compute and Store?
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2: What Make a Computer, a Computer?
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

Series 3: What is Programming?
#0 Introduction: youtu.be/UlCb9NTKuoo
#1 Data Instruction: youtu.be/gTR01UnH81I

**********
References:
This video series is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Moving On by Wayne Jones

#Programming #MachineCode

Understanding Scott CPU Introduction

Learning0to1 2021-04-05 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Please support us on Patron to make this project viable long term: patreon.com/user?u=62702952

Ever curious about how computers REALLY work? Tired of the mumbo-jumbo on the internet? These video series might be for you. These videos aim at explaining the Scott CPU from an excellent book: But How Do it Know

There are three series. Series 1 focuses on the fundamentals like binary numbers, transistors, adders and memory. Series 2 focuses on computer architecture like Bus, sequencer, memory grid, decoders and instruction cycles. Series 3 focuses on wiring the instruction sets, it’s currently work-in-progress.

Series 1:
Binary and Transistor: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gate and Adder: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory - SR And Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Memory - Gated And-Or Latch: youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Memory - Why NAND, NOR Latch Work: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts
Two's Complement: youtu.be/tKvOwKC1T3w

Series 2:
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k
#5 Registers and Instruction Fetching:youtu.be/Ojic7lTWoGY

**********
References:
The CPU design used in series 2 videos is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license

Registers and Instruction Fetching | What make a computer, a computer hardware #5

Learning0to1 2021-03-20 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-SEP

Have you ever wondered why we need registers after all? How are they different from memory? In this video we will see how registers allow users to manage memory efficiently. This video concludes the current series with wiring instruction fetching, paving the way for the next series on wiring the instruction set (finally!).

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ
#4 Decoder: youtu.be/GzNRsdcsH9k

To explore more videos:
How Computer Memory Works: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N1llcFRfOksCbps5eI85jvN
How Computers Compute: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N3kraX8FZkjX2ysYozzHznf

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Invisible Beauty by Aakash Gandhi

Decoder: how to access memory efficiently? | What make a computer, a computer hardware #4

Learning0to1 2021-01-20 | FULL course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discuss what make a computer a computer from hardware aspect. This video talks about the 4th component – decoder, the critical piece allowing users to access memory efficiently.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0
#3 Computer Instructions: youtu.be/8_BR-o_FDxQ

To explore more videos:
How Computer Memory Works: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N1llcFRfOksCbps5eI85jvN
How Computers Compute: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N3kraX8FZkjX2ysYozzHznf

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Images from Shutterstock under standard license
Music: Serenity by Askash Gandhi

#decoder#MemoryAddressDecoder#ScottCPU

How Computer Instructions Work? | What make a computer, a computer? hardware #3

Learning0to1 2020-12-10 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discuss what make a computer a computer from hardware aspect. This video talks about the 3rd component – instruction, the critical piece allows the users to choose what to do.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:
#1 Computer Bus & Tri-state Buffer: youtu.be/q669OoH_kvI
#2 Computer Sequencer: youtu.be/LrIp8qMgPE0

To explore more videos:
How Computer Memory Works: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N1llcFRfOksCbps5eI85jvN
How Computers Compute: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N3kraX8FZkjX2ysYozzHznf

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

**********
Cartoon Images from Shutterstock under standard license.
Music by Esther Abrami.
Sound effects are from Freesound.org, Special thanks to:
S: Spacey 1up/Power up by GameAudio -- freesound.org/s/220173 -- License: Creative Commons 0
S: typing on keyboard.wav by kgatto -- freesound.org/s/240280 -- License: Attribution

#ComputerInstructions#Programs#ComputerArchitecture#ScottCUP

Computer Sequencer | What Make a Computer, a Computer? hardware #2

Learning0to1 2020-10-31 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This video series discuss what make a computer a computer from hardware aspect. This video talks about the 2nd component – Sequencer, the critical piece behind automation.

For a systematic understanding about how computer works, please refer to previous videos:
For binary numbers and transistors, please refer to video: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
For logic gates and adders, please refer to video: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
For memory, please refer to videos: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC7HwWRRD0N1llcFRfOksCbps5eI85jvN

References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus

#Sequencer#Stepper#ScottCPU#ComputerAutomation

Tri-state Buffer and Bus | What Make a Computer, a Computer? hardware #1

Learning0to1 2020-09-30 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

This series of videos will discuss what make a computer a computer from hardware aspect. This video talks about the first component - Bus and Tri-state buffer.

For related videos:
Transistors: youtube.com/watch?v=FMYUmgSuANo
Logic gates: youtube.com/watch?v=zdZXkmT_hX4
Memory: youtube.com/watch?v=E3kLGD3-yAY&list=PLC7HwWRRD0N1llcFRfOksCbps5eI85jvN

**********
References:
This video is based on Scotts CPU from an excellent book ‘But how do it know’ by J. Clark Scott
CPU design is copyright by John Clark Scott
CPU model is copyright by Siegbert Filbinger and John Clark Scott
www.ButHowDoItKnow.com/contactus
**********
Note:
There is a slight change on Scott CPU from the book '‘But how do it know’, we use Tri-State buffer instead of enablers.

#ThreeStateBuffer #TriStateLogic #ComputerBus

Twos Complement - How computers do subtraction?

Learning0to1 2020-08-03 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Computers use two’s complement method to do subtractions using adders. This video explains intuitively why and how.

Some background musics are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
S: Den blomstertid nu kommer.mp3 by MaxLandergard -- freesound.org/s/391972 -- License: Creative Commons 0

#TwosComplement #ComputerSubtraction #TwoComplement

How Computer Memory Works? Part 3: How NAND and NOR Latch Work

Learning0to1 2020-06-03 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

How computer memory works? Why NAND, NOR latches? This video series shares insights by circuit building from scratch step by step.

Confused by most memory latch explanations? Looking for a genuine understanding about how they work? This video is the first attempt in illustrating how and why memory latches work.

Part 1 | SR And-Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Part 2 | Gated And-Or Latch: https: //youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Part 3 | Gated NAND and NOR Latch: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:

     S: Question Mark.wav by Augdog -- freesound.org/s/210217 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: MUSIC 1.wav by AnthonyAlbanese -- freesound.org/s/436934 -- License: Attribution
     S: Highlights or messages by softwalls -- freesound.org/s/449897 -- License: Attribution
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial

#NandLatch#NorLatch#FlipFlop#ComputerMemory#SRAM

How Computer Memory Works? Part 2: Gated And-Or Latch

Learning0to1 2020-04-11 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

How computer memory works? Why NAND, NOR latches? This video series shares insights by circuit building from scratch step by step.

Gated And-Or Latch, this second video improves on the previous SR-And-Or latch. It provides valuable insights in helping us understand the more popular latches coming in the next video.

Part 1 | SR And-Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Part 2 | Gated And-Or Latch: https: //youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Part 3 | Gated NAND, NOR Latch: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
     S: confused piano.wav by symphoid -- freesound.org/s/180171 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: Highlights or messages by softwalls -- freesound.org/s/449897 -- License: Attribution
     S: remix of 54047__guitarguy1985__buzzer_Variants.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/101354 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Spacey 1up/Power up by GameAudio -- freesound.org/s/220173 -- License: Creative Commons 0
     S: negative_beeps.wav by themusicalnomad -- freesound.org/s/253886 -- License: Creative Commons 0
     S: THNN Khủng Long Xả Rác - Cảnh Lái Xe by SieuAmThanh -- freesound.org/s/457891 -- License: Creative Commons 0

#GatedLatch#FlipFlop#ComputerMemory

How Computer Memory Works? Part 1: SR And-Or Latch

Learning0to1 2020-03-06 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

How computer memory works? Why NAND, NOR latches? This video series shares insights by circuit building from scratch step by step.

In this video we will talk in detail about about how to build SRAM for high speed computing. We started with a simplest case: SR And Or latch. This simple example will help us understand the crucial feedback technique used in circuit technologies. The weakness of this simple model will give us hints on how to build more practical memory models in the future.

Part 1 | SR And-Or Latch: youtu.be/TxSTmQUrCEw
Part 2 | Gated And-Or Latch: https: //youtu.be/E3kLGD3-yAY
Part 3 | Gated NAND, NOR Latch: youtu.be/JavcdC_msts

Some of the sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
   S: Question Mark.wav by Augdog -- freesound.org/s/210217 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: Orchestral Cartoon Suspense by tyops -- freesound.org/s/441905 -- License: Attribution
     S: remix of 54047__guitarguy1985__buzzer_Variants.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/101354 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: cartoon groove.wav by zagi2 -- freesound.org/s/223006 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial

#FlipFlop#ComputerMemory#SRAM#Latch

How Computers Compute: Logic Gates and Adder - thoroughly explained in 30 Minutes!

Learning0to1 2019-10-28 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Why computers use 0 and 1? Why electricity is number? What is a transistor? What are Logic Gates ? How do Computers Compute ? Lots of us are curious about how computers work. But most online sources keep parroting the clichés of `0s and 1s, binary, switches' without shedding much light, leaving people more confused. Authors of this video experienced the same tortures and decided to take a non-traditional approach in tackling the issue.

Part 1 aims at a thorough understanding of binary numbers and number representations in computers.

Part 2 focuses on EXACTLY how to wire the computing circuits to build the computing engine.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:
     S: remix of 54047__guitarguy1985__buzzer_Variants.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/101354 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: oops 1A71 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/189819 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Pencil, Writing, Close, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/398271 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial

#LogicGates #Adder #Computers

Number representation in computers | The Nature of Computing - #2

Learning0to1 2019-08-22 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

How to design computers? I am not referring to the big fancy talks using buzzwords such as memory, chips, ALUs. Have you ever realized that the trainings we got back in school were meant to make us computers? In this video we will see how to design computers by reflecting on ur own lives as computers.

If you want to learn more: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?referralCode=2B1B8ED5320C47E589A6

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:

     S: confused piano.wav by symphoid -- freesound.org/s/180171 -- License: Attribution
     S: Question Mark.wav by Augdog -- freesound.org/s/210217 -- License: Attribution
     S: Comedic Boing, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/345689 -- License: Attribution
     S: Pencil, Writing, Close, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/398271 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: funny bassoon 0P_17Bs4 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/157886 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: restless 1o69 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/386412 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Baby Laughs GigglesS PE144701 by gumballworld -- freesound.org/s/398550 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: foolish 1R41 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/465266 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: remix of Benboncan__Sad_Trombone_more_wah_bright&de-clicked.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/73750 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: piltdown man.flac by Incarnadine -- freesound.org/s/30376 -- License: Sampling+

#transistor #binary # #ElectricityRepresentNumber

How Can Computers Compute ? | The Nature of Computing - #1

Learning0to1 2019-08-02 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Why 2+3=5? Does computing require understanding? If computing requires conscious effort, then how come computers know how to compute? But if computing does not involve consciousness, then can you compute without any understanding? In this section we are going to explain why 2+3=5 and we are going to see that computing is a mindless business of symbol crunching.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
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     S: PanicScare.wav by SirBedlam -- freesound.org/s/124955 -- License: Attribution
     S: Question Mark.wav by Augdog -- freesound.org/s/210217 -- License: Attribution
     S: lightning.mp3 by Taira Komori -- freesound.org/s/214052 -- License: Attribution
     S: typing on keyboard.wav by kgatto -- freesound.org/s/240280 -- License: Attribution
     S: thick-stamp.wav by newagesoup -- freesound.org/s/347324 -- License: Attribution
     S: Pencil, Writing, Close, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/398271 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
     S: Highlights or messages by softwalls -- freesound.org/s/449897 -- License: Attribution
     S: tada1.wav by jobro -- freesound.org/s/60443 -- License: Attribution
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Mystery Peak 1 by FoolBoyMedia -- freesound.org/s/256089 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Crazy Laugh2.mp3 by Airborne80 -- freesound.org/s/318829 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: intro 1r21b by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/450567 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: foolish 1R41 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/465266 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: remix of Benboncan__Sad_Trombone_more_wah_bright&de-clicked.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/73750 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: piltdown man.flac by Incarnadine -- freesound.org/s/30376 -- License: Sampling+

#binary #computing #numbers #addition

Positional Number System And Number Sense | Numbers, number systems, number sense - #5

Learning0to1 2019-07-13 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Given our brain limitation, how did we manage to understand large quantities afer all? What role does counting play in building our number sense? In this video, we are going to see exactly how positional number system helps us develop our number sense. We are going to see specifically why it offers advantages over Roman number system in the number making process that helps honing our number sense.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
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     S: middle east trip.aif by oymaldonado -- freesound.org/s/454815 -- License: Attribution
S: African Wildlife Loopable Instrumental African Vibes by CarlosCarty -- freesound.org/s/427026 -- License: Attribution
     S: Power Up, Bright, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/411460 -- License: Attribution
     S: Falling, Comedic, A.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/360662 -- License: Attribution
     S: Bat Wings (Fast) by Natty23 -- freesound.org/s/349225 -- License: Attribution
     S: lightning.mp3 by Taira Komori -- freesound.org/s/214052 -- License: Attribution
     S: PanicScare.wav by SirBedlam -- freesound.org/s/124955 -- License: Attribution
     S: remix of Benboncan__Sad_Trombone_more_wah_bright&de-clicked.wav by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/73750 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: 04088 big cartoon tremolo jump.wav by Robinhood76 -- freesound.org/s/178174 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: funny moment 6vFnl by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/133422 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Drip2.wav by Neotone -- freesound.org/s/75344 -- License: Creative Commons 0 (pitch changed)
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     S: Car_Stop_Breaks_Screech_Engine-Rev_by-monnie101.mp4.WAV by monnie101 -- freesound.org/s/58150 -- License: Creative Commons 0
     S: THNN Khủng Long Xả Rác - Cảnh Lái Xe by SieuAmThanh -- freesound.org/s/457891 -- License: Creative Commons 0
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     S: Spacey 1up/Power up by GameAudio -- freesound.org/s/220173 -- License: Creative Commons 0
     S: Piano Piece for Busy Businessmen by SoundsExciting -- freesound.org/s/213093 -- License: Creative Commons 0
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#NumberSense #PositionalNumberSystem #Arabic #binary

Brain Limitation and Positional Number System | Numbers, number systems, number sense - #4

Learning0to1 2019-06-23 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Why we would feel overwhelming facing large quantitties? I think it's related to our brain limitation. In this video we are going to see what we can do to help ourselves overcome such limitation. From there, we will see how nicely the symbol world converges with our physical world, giving birth to positional number system.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
Special thanks to:

     S: confused piano.wav by symphoid -- freesound.org/s/180171 -- License: Attribution
     S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
S: African Wildlife Loopable Instrumental African Vibes by CarlosCarty -- freesound.org/s/427026 -- License: Attribution
     S: tada1.wav by jobro -- freesound.org/s/60443 -- License: Attribution
     S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
     S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial

#binary #decimal #BrainLimitation #WorkingMemory

Why Numbers Are NOT Names | Numbers, number systems, number sense - #3

Learning0to1 2019-06-03 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

In this video we are going to see how to back out what quantity a specific name represents based on the symbol order used to crunch those names. We are going to see why place values exist the way they are, a notion typically instructed as a rule without any explanations.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org
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S: Function Fail by VincentM400 -- freesound.org/s/249616 -- License: Attribution
S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
S: Guitar loop 1I43 by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/249302 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial

#PlaceValue #numbers #quantities

Why Numbers Are Names | Numbers, number systems, number sense - #2

Learning0to1 2019-05-22 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

Why numbers are created the way they are? This video describes a new way to look at numbers: names of quantities. This will naturally lead to one important question for naming quantities: how would you know who is who based on those names? Answer to this question implies an unavoidable requirement for the number making process: an ordered way of arranging symbols.

Sound effects are downloaded from Freesound.org

Special thanks to:
S: Quick Gossip 1.wav by InSintesi -- freesound.org/s/346446 -- License: Attribution
S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
S: space effect.mp3 by vegar_s_hansen -- freesound.org/s/346825 -- License: Attribution

#numbers #NumberRepresentation #PositionalNumberSystem

Roman Numerals Limitation | Numbers, number systems, number sense - #1

Learning0to1 2019-04-03 | Full course with coupon: udemy.com/course/how-computers-work-course/?couponCode=LEARNING0TO1-24-OCT

We take positional number system for granted. Discussion about the drawbacks of Roman number system will help us appreciate the power and implications of positional number system. This section will help us understand better the requirements for being a good number system.

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S: Cartoon Laugh (bear) by ultradust -- freesound.org/s/168150 -- License: Attribution
S: building_collapse02_close.wav by onteca -- freesound.org/s/197772 -- License: Attribution
S: Euphonium Fanfare by bone666138 -- freesound.org/s/198852 -- License: Attribution
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S: The Plan - Upbeat Loop by ispeakwaves -- freesound.org/s/384947 -- License: Attribution
S: UI Confirmation Alert, A3.wav by InspectorJ -- freesound.org/s/403006 -- License: Attribution
S: Orchestral Cartoon Suspense by tyops -- freesound.org/s/441905 -- License: Attribution
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S: science 0F_22mi by Setuniman -- freesound.org/s/143994 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
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S: fanfare announcement.wav by zagi2 -- freesound.org/s/193934 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
S: another magic wand spell tinkle.flac by Timbre -- freesound.org/s/221683 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
S: cartoon groove.wav by zagi2 -- freesound.org/s/223006 -- License: Attribution Noncommercial
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S: piltdown man.flac by Incarnadine -- freesound.org/s/30376 -- License: Sampling+

#RomanNumerals #ArabicNumberSystem #TallyMarks