Parth G | EPR Paradox: EASY Quantum Mechanics VISUALISED, Why Einstein HATED Spooky Action At A Distance @ParthGChannel | Uploaded 3 years ago | Updated 9 hours ago
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The EPR Paradox was the supposed contradictions of quantum mechanics against supposedly reasonable assumptions about our universe - locality and realism.
Hey everyone, I'm back with a new video! This is the first in a two-part series on The EPR Paradox, Einstein's distaste of Quantum Theory, and Bell's Theorem - which eventually showed that he was incorrect about his understanding of the universe, at least in part.
Let's begin with some timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
0:38 - Einstein's Contribution to Quantum Theory
1:03 - Einstein Doesn't Like Where Quantum Mechanics is Going...
2:29 - The Assumptions That Brought About the EPR Paradox - Local Realism
3:06 - Big Thanks to Skillshare for Sponsoring This Video!
4:03 - Quantum Entanglement - Einstein's Getting Annoyed Now!
5:39 - Realism is Really Important (to EPR)
6:30 - Is Consciousness Really That Important to Quantum Mechanics?
7:11 - EPR's Reasoning as to Why Quantum Theory Must Be Wrong
7:54 - How To Measure Spin in Different Directions
9:16 - Two Explanations for Reality
9:37 - Hidden Variable Theories Suggested by EPR
10:53 - Thanks for Watching! Check out My Socials :)
Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen got together to write a paper. In this paper, they showed that an entangled system in quantum mechanics appears to break both locality and realism / determinism, two assumptions that were seemingly very reasonable to make for our universe.
Locality is the idea that communication between two points in space is limited to the speed of light, as information needs to be passed from one point in space to another - and the fastest this can happen is at the speed of light.
Realism / determinism is the idea that if we know everything about a system, then we can predict precisely how it looks at a later point in time.
A simple entangled state (later known as one of the Bell States) was studied by EPR in their paper. They showed that making a measurement on one particle in this entangled system resulted in an instantaneous collapse of the other particle into a known state - even if the two particles were very far apart - according to quantum mechanics.
This broke locality, because the second particle did not have enough time for light to get to it, after the measurement was made on the first particle.
It also defied realism because before the measurement was made, quantum mechanics suggested that the system was in a superposition of all possible measurement results, and collapsed into one such upon measurement. This happened with a certain amount of randomness according to quantum mechanics, which meant that we COULD NOT exactly predict what a system would look like after the measurement even though we knew everything about the system beforehand.
Einstein believed this was all wrong. He hated the "spooky action at a distance" (going against locality), and also said that "God does not play dice" (meaning the world must be deterministic, not probabilistic). EPR suggested another mechanism for how entangled particles may behave.
They suggested a hidden variable theory. This is the idea that the system contains something that we cannot access - a hidden variable. This hidden variable tells the system what result to give when a measurement is made at a certain time on the system. This didn't solve locality, but certainly did obey realism.
In this video, I also briefly discussed the importance of consciousness in the quantum world. It is a difficult topic to understand, and is very easily taken in to the realm of pseudoscience - so I recommend being careful with this idea.
In the next video in this series, we will discuss how John Bell came up with his famous theorem that showed local hidden variable theories cannot be a good description for our universe.
Thanks so much for watching! Please like and subscribe, and hit that bell button too.
My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/parthg
Instagram: parthvlogs
Second Channel (Music): Parth G's Shenanigans
This video was sponsored by Skillshare
For a limited time, use the link in my description to get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/parthg09201
The EPR Paradox was the supposed contradictions of quantum mechanics against supposedly reasonable assumptions about our universe - locality and realism.
Hey everyone, I'm back with a new video! This is the first in a two-part series on The EPR Paradox, Einstein's distaste of Quantum Theory, and Bell's Theorem - which eventually showed that he was incorrect about his understanding of the universe, at least in part.
Let's begin with some timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
0:38 - Einstein's Contribution to Quantum Theory
1:03 - Einstein Doesn't Like Where Quantum Mechanics is Going...
2:29 - The Assumptions That Brought About the EPR Paradox - Local Realism
3:06 - Big Thanks to Skillshare for Sponsoring This Video!
4:03 - Quantum Entanglement - Einstein's Getting Annoyed Now!
5:39 - Realism is Really Important (to EPR)
6:30 - Is Consciousness Really That Important to Quantum Mechanics?
7:11 - EPR's Reasoning as to Why Quantum Theory Must Be Wrong
7:54 - How To Measure Spin in Different Directions
9:16 - Two Explanations for Reality
9:37 - Hidden Variable Theories Suggested by EPR
10:53 - Thanks for Watching! Check out My Socials :)
Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen got together to write a paper. In this paper, they showed that an entangled system in quantum mechanics appears to break both locality and realism / determinism, two assumptions that were seemingly very reasonable to make for our universe.
Locality is the idea that communication between two points in space is limited to the speed of light, as information needs to be passed from one point in space to another - and the fastest this can happen is at the speed of light.
Realism / determinism is the idea that if we know everything about a system, then we can predict precisely how it looks at a later point in time.
A simple entangled state (later known as one of the Bell States) was studied by EPR in their paper. They showed that making a measurement on one particle in this entangled system resulted in an instantaneous collapse of the other particle into a known state - even if the two particles were very far apart - according to quantum mechanics.
This broke locality, because the second particle did not have enough time for light to get to it, after the measurement was made on the first particle.
It also defied realism because before the measurement was made, quantum mechanics suggested that the system was in a superposition of all possible measurement results, and collapsed into one such upon measurement. This happened with a certain amount of randomness according to quantum mechanics, which meant that we COULD NOT exactly predict what a system would look like after the measurement even though we knew everything about the system beforehand.
Einstein believed this was all wrong. He hated the "spooky action at a distance" (going against locality), and also said that "God does not play dice" (meaning the world must be deterministic, not probabilistic). EPR suggested another mechanism for how entangled particles may behave.
They suggested a hidden variable theory. This is the idea that the system contains something that we cannot access - a hidden variable. This hidden variable tells the system what result to give when a measurement is made at a certain time on the system. This didn't solve locality, but certainly did obey realism.
In this video, I also briefly discussed the importance of consciousness in the quantum world. It is a difficult topic to understand, and is very easily taken in to the realm of pseudoscience - so I recommend being careful with this idea.
In the next video in this series, we will discuss how John Bell came up with his famous theorem that showed local hidden variable theories cannot be a good description for our universe.
Thanks so much for watching! Please like and subscribe, and hit that bell button too.
My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/parthg
Instagram: parthvlogs
Second Channel (Music): Parth G's Shenanigans
This video was sponsored by Skillshare
