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Enable File History in Windows 11
updated
❌ Account hacked? Probably not, but...
These messages:
… are just spam. Mark them as spam and move on.
… lie: they do not mean your account has been hacked.
… can easily look like they came from your address. This does not indicate that your account was hacked.
… sometimes include a password you recognize, but it’s not related.
…may include a password exposed in some prior breach. Stop using it.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/65875
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Is It Important to Have Different Passwords on Different Accounts? ▶ youtu.be/QeLqSWTCit8
Chapters
0:00 Hacker Hacked My Email
0:30 What to do?
0:50 Examples
2:00 The messages lie
2:30 But they sent “From:” my email address!
3:15 But they included a password I actually used!
4:00 One thing to do: change passwords exposed in breaches
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✴️ Deleting System32
C:\Windows\System32 is Windows itself, and deleting it, if even partially successful, will break your Windows installation. You’ll need to reinstall Windows or restore from an image backup to recover. Suggestions that you should do so are trolls and/or pranks that should be completely ignored.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/127295
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✅ Watch next ▶ What’s So Special About 32? ▶ youtu.be/-uuVA03IjQ4
Chapters
0:00 Delete System 32
0:30 System32 is Windows
1:00 Watch me do it
1:20 First back up
2:45 Command prompt
4:40 reboot and blue screen of death
5:00 Fatal crash
6:10 Don't delete System 32!
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➡️ Email from the deceased
Receiving emails from a deceased person’s account can be distressing. This can occur due to a hack or from spam spoofed to appear as if it’s from the deceased. Legality isn’t clear, but you can try contacting the email provider, ideally with a death certificate, to close or secure the account. In the meantime, setting up an email filter to delete the messages might be the most practical solution. It’s also a reminder to arrange emergency access to your own digital world to prevent similar situations in the future.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/3825
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✅ Watch next ▶ Preparing for the Ultimate Disaster ▶ youtu.be/O4OPmEgh8Dk
Chapters
0:00 Email from a Dead Person
1:30 Accessing the account
2:00 Potential cause 1 A random hack
3:20 Potential cause 2 A targeted hack
4:15 Potential cause 3 Random spam
5:00 Potential cause 4 Targeted spam
6:25 Other clues
7:00 Legal?
8:20 Closing the account?
10:15 Frustrating, but pragmatic solution
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#askleo #email #security
✅ Image versus files-and-folder backups
An image is a complete backup of your entire hard drive, including Windows, programs, settings, and all data. It’s ideal for full system recovery. Files-and-folder backups select specific files and folders to back up. They’re useful for backing up important data, but it’s easy to miss essential items. Image backups cover everything without needing to decide what is or is not important.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/5754
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✅ Watch next ▶ How To Make A Backup Windows Image ▶ youtu.be/XFOBXJwojzQ
Chapters
0:00 Difference Between Image and Files-and-Folder Backup
1:00 An “image” backup
2:55 Files and folders backup
4:30 Recommend a full image backup
4:50 Files-and-folders backups have a place
6:00 Encryption
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❌ The secrets of scam/spam emails
- Look for odd sender information and mismatched or suspicious domains.
- Look for grammatical errors and inconsistencies in the message.
- Check the destination of any links, they may lead to phishing sites.
- If techie, check the email’s headers for additional clues.
- Suspicious? Delete the email without interacting with its contents.
- Visit your email provider’s website or contact them for verification if needed.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/169355
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Can I Tell If a Web Address Is Safe? ▶ youtu.be/86L4uzdXQIA
Chapters
0:00 Secrets of Fraudulent Emails
1:00 From spoofing
2:00 Strange wording
3:00 Addresses don't match
3:45 Clues in body of email
7:30 What happens if you click on the link?
9:10 Deeper into the headers
12:00 To do
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⚜️ Move my old hard drive to my new computer
- You can almost certainly remove the hard drive from an older machine and attach it to a newer machine.
- You may be able to install it internally.
- Consider placing it into an external enclosure to make it a USB drive.
- You will not be able to transfer installed applications or Windows itself.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/2424
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✅ Watch next ▶ Can I Move My Hard Drive to a New Computer and Have Windows Work? ▶ youtu.be/tTfiSuco3TE
Chapters
0:00 Move my old hard drive to my new computer
0:55 Installing the drive in another machine
2:00 Use an external enclosure
2:40 Getting the right enclosure
4:00 What you can’t do
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❌ Dealing with 'Over Quota'
A quota is a limit placed on disk space usage. It doesn’t refer to email on your computer, but the space used by email on your account with your email service provider. You can ask (or pay) for more, but a more common solution is to download email to your PC and remove it from your provider to free up space. POP3 configurations generally do this automatically, but IMAP, which is becoming more common, may not. You may need to take additional steps.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/3731
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Does Email to Me Bounce with “Inbox Full”?
▶ youtu.be/goUfT4cR01k
Chapters
0:00 Over Quota
1:00 What is a quota?
2:30 Solutions
2:50 Manage space
3:50 Email program settings and going over quota
5:00 Move to local folders
7:30 Check your provider's webmail
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☑️ Repairing Microsoft Office
To fix the issue with Excel (or other Office apps) crashing or not starting, start by repairing Office from the Settings app in Windows: Apps - Installed apps - Microsoft 365 (Office) - Advanced Options - Reset section - Repair. If that doesn’t work, try resetting Office in the same section. If problems persist, uninstall and reinstall Office. If that doesn’t work, check if add-ons are causing issues or if the problem is with a specific document.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/5061
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Disable OneDrive in Office 365? ▶ youtu.be/Gs5Ydv47-ck
Chapters
0:00 Repair Microsoft Office
1:50 Repair or Reset
3:00 Uninstall if that doesn't work
5:30 Reboot
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⚜️ Credential stuffing
Credential stuffing is simply hackers using your stolen login information from one site to try to sign in to other sites. You can prevent it by using unique passwords for every site, ideally managed by a password manager.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/169643
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Password Managers Are [Still] Safer than the Alternatives
▶ youtu.be/h_37XLfoHco
Chapters
0:00 Credential stuffing
0:40 Credential stuffing, in simple terms
1:50 Preventing credential stuffing
2:30 Use a password manager
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⚛️ Your Microsoft account recovery email
Setting a recovery email address for your Microsoft account is crucial for account security and recovery. To check, add, or change your recovery email, sign into your account, navigate to Security, Advanced security options, and follow the prompts to update your recovery settings. Make sure you have at least one recovery address configured and that it’s correct.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/169010
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Recover My Outlook Account? ▶ youtu.be/iPD6m-vZ_d0
Chapters
0:00 Microsoft Account Recovery Email
0:50 Your existing recovery email address
1:00 Log into your Microsoft account at outlook.com
1:50 Security options
2:45 Add a new recovery email
3:45 Change a recovery email
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☝️ There's no need for shame
Feeling embarrassed after falling for a scam is natural, but it’s important to share your experience and learn from it. Overconfidence and smugness can make anyone more vulnerable. Admitting, sharing, and learning from these experiences helps prevent future victimization of yourself and others.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/169182
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✅ Watch next ▶ Phishing: How to Know It When You See It ▶ youtu.be/oXF-5I9D0lA
Chapters
0:00 Ashamed or smug?
0:45 Smug superiority
2:40 Shame is unwarranted
4:10 Please share your story
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⚠️ How a web address can be abused
A URL or web address beginning with https1 has several components, the most important being the server or website address between the leading slash marks (//) and the following single slash (/). This is often obscured by making trusted websites appear as subdomains of a hacker’s domain or using confusing encoding. Always examine the leftmost portion of the full domain to confirm that it’s going where you think. Https is available to fraudulent domains as well, so you cannot rely on it alone as an indicator of safety.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/4399
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✅ Watch next ▶ Internet Safety: 7 Steps to Staying Safe Online ▶ youtu.be/bSBLF66cCN0
Chapters
0:00 Web address is safe
1:00 Basic URL components
4:11 One way a server specification can fool you
6:00 Another way a server specification can fool you
9:30 A slash is a slash is a … %2F?
11:20 Https and secure websites
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⌛ Managing different Gmail accounts
To work with multiple Gmail accounts without signing out, use the “Add account” option from your profile icon. This opens separate accounts in separate tabs. Alternatively, use multiple browsers (e.g., personal email in Brave, work email in Chrome) for clear separation and tailored browser extensions.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168937
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✅ Watch next ▶ How To Change Your Email Address On GMail ▶ youtu.be/_eBaaHjAmAA
Chapters
0:00 Different Gmail Account
1:00 Sign out and then back in
1:40 Add account
2:50 Using multiple tabs
6:00 Different browsers
7:40 Manage multiple Gmail accounts
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☝️ External hard drives
When choosing an external hard drive, consider physical size (for portability, 2½-inch drives travel well), speed (5400 RPM is common for durability, 7200 for speed), and capacity (2TB minimum these days). Reliability varies, and manufacturers seem to cycle from good to bad and back again. Focus on your needs: size of backups, number of backups, additional uses, and, of course, your budget. Backing up is crucial regardless of drive specifics.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/12028
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✅ Watch next ▶ Can an External Drive Fail? ▶ youtu.be/TMl9YJP93F8
Chapters
0:00 Good External Hard Drive
1:00 Considering physical size
2:45 About speed
3:40 Capacity
4:00 Things to think about
6:00 Brands
7:45 SSDs?
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☎️ Dealing with phone spam
To fight phone spam, register with the Do Not Call list if you’re in the U.S. Don’t answer unknown calls or texts, and use your phone or carrier’s spam-marking features. You might also consider using call-blocking apps for additional filtering.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168811
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✅ Watch next ▶ I’m Drowning in Spam. What Can I Do? ▶ youtu.be/iHaYI6iFFpE
Chapters
0:00 Dealing With Phone Spam
0:50 The Do Not Call list
2:00 Don’t answer
3:10 Don’t respond
4:25 Mark as spam
5:10 Block
6:00 Report (optional)
6:55 Download a call-blocking app (optional)
7:40 Be careful with your number
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❤️ Passkeys & safety
Passkeys are a secure authentication method stored on specific devices that require user verification through mechanisms like Windows Hello. They enhance security by enabling passwordless sign-in and keep you safer by eliminating common vulnerabilities associated with traditional passwords and other authentication mechanisms.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168902
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✅ Watch next ▶ What is a Passkey? ▶ youtu.be/6lBixL_qpro
Chapters
0:00 How Can Passkeys Be Safe?
0:40 What are Passkeys?
1:30 Authentication steps
2:50 Windows Hello
3:35 Login scenerios
7:20 If someone steals your computer
12:25 Malware on your machine
14:30 Going Passwordless
16:55 [Im]Perfect Security
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✏️ Software growth over time
Software grows over time mostly because of the competition that drives new features and capabilities. Market demand favors programs that evolve and add more functionalities. As software is updated, it’s developed for current, more powerful systems, leaving older machines behind. It’s not about laziness or selling new machines, but competition, complexity, and effort.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/13474
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✅ Watch next ▶ Uninstalling Software You Don't Need ▶ youtu.be/dappqov3Lsw
Chapters
0:00 Why Does Software Get Bigger
0:35 It’s mostly about competition
1:45 It’s not about you
3:05 With great power comes… more features
4:10 It’s not laziness
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✳️ Recovering your existing Outlook.com password
Microsoft doesn’t store your Outlook.com password, so it’s impossible to retrieve it from them. You may get lucky if you check your password manager or browser’s saved passwords.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168716
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do Websites Keep Passwords Secure? ▶ youtu.be/sZCbNlrE0lQ
Chapters
0:00 Recover Outlook Password
0:45 Microsoft doesn’t know your password
2:45 Password vault
3:30 Passwords in a browser
7:00 Check all your computers and browsers
8:00 You may need to reset your password
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☀️ Who sent that email?
Identifying the real sender of an email, including their name, location, or phone number, is highly unlikely without the help of law enforcement. Any information you can access can easily be faked. Some data is protected for everyone’s privacy, making it nearly impossible for the average person to trace the true origin of an email.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/13949
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Can Newsletter Senders Tell that I Haven’t Opened Their Newsletter? ▶ youtu.be/kW53YyatKZk
Chapters
0:00 Who Sent An Email
0:20 You can't, but...
0:35 From: who?
1:20 An email address wouldn’t help
2:50 An IP address won’t help
4:20 Getting lucky
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⚠️ 2FA stored in your password vault
Storing 2FA codes in your password vault alongside passwords slightly reduces security, but the risk is minimal compared to the convenience. Compromising 1Password such that your information would be visible is extremely unlikely. Using a password vault for both passwords and 2FA might even be more secure than using separate PC apps like Authy.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168687
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✅ Watch next ▶ How To Protect Yourself From A Two Factor Hack ▶ 2Iwm0-3JTIw
Chapters
0:00 Two Factor Codes In Password Vault
0:15 Password and two factor in one place?
1:00 Your data is decrypted
3:15 Possible issues
5:30 Besides, hackers have easier approaches
7:30 Security starts with you
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➕ The risks of a two factor hack
Even considering potential vulnerabilities, two-factor authentication (2FA) greatly increases your security compared to not using it at all. Various forms of 2FA exist, from SMS to authenticator apps and hardware keys. Each has its risks, but any significantly increases your account security. Enable 2FA wherever possible.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168757
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why ANY Two-Factor Is Better than No Two-Factor ▶ youtu.be/2DNJqjGLHR8
Chapters
0:00 Two Factor Hack
0:35 Least secure: no two-factor at all
1:05 Good: SMS Text Messaging
1:35 Breaching SMS
2:50 Protect yourself
4:30 Better: Authenticator apps
7:44 Much better: Hardware key
8:47 The best: Hardware key plus you
10:07 Honorable(?) mention: you
11:45 Two-Factor is secure
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#askleo #twofactor #security
✅ ISPs and VPNs
Your ISP can see you’re using a VPN by noting the IP addresses and ports associated with VPN services. They can’t, however, see the content of your encrypted data. Essentially, using a VPN shifts your internet visibility from your ISP to your VPN provider.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/5381
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✅ Watch next ▶ What VPN Should I Use? ▶ youtu.be/EhWiwKrccuE
Chapters
0:00 Can My ISP See I’m Using a VPN
0:10 Yes.
0:16 Connecting to a VPN
1:40 Your VPN can see
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⚛️ 100% disk usage?
1. Check whether your anti-malware software is scanning.
2. Perform an anti-malware scan.
3. Check for the content indexer indexing files.
4. Examine your RAM usage and virtual memory impact.
5. Examine tools like Dropbox rebuilding their indexes.
6. Look for hard disk errors with Chkdsk /R.
7. Consider upgrading to an SSD.
8. Turn off Superfetch.
9. Check for the state of defragging.
10. Reset the page and swap files.
11. Update Windows.
12. Check for firmware and driver updates.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168565
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✅ Watch next ▶ What is Virtual Memory? ▶ youtu.be/YQomH95j3P8
Chapters
0:00 100% Disk Usage
0:55 Clarity: usage versus usage
2:40 Check whether your anti-malware software is scanning
3:55 Perform an anti-malware scan
4:20 Check for the content indexer indexing files
7:30 Examine your RAM usage and virtual memory impact
8:15 Reference http://askleo.com/1925
10:00 Check for tools like Dropbox rebuilding their indexes
12:00 Look for hard disk errors with Chkdsk /R
13:35 Consider upgrading to an SSD
14:45 Turn off Superfetch
16:30 Check for the state of defragging
18:00 Reset the page & swap files
19:00 Update Windows
19:40 Check for firmware and driver updates
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#askleo #tech #harddrive
❤️ Thunderbird email file location
To locate your Thunderbird email files on a PC, follow these steps: Open Thunderbird, hit the ALT key to access the menu, select “Help,” “Troubleshooting Information,” and click on “about:profiles.” The profile in use, which cannot be deleted, contains your emails. Look inside the “Mail” or “ImapMail” folders for account-specific subfolders, including all of your email and settings.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168535
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Move Thunderbird to a New Computer? ▶ youtu.be/Qy8J9fr5RlE
Chapters
0:00 Thunderbird Email File Location
0:30 Thunderbird profiles
1:10 Finding the profile folder
2:00 Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Thunderbird\Profiles
2:45 ImapMail
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✳️ AI at Ask Leo!
I use AI as a tool to assist in writing articles, not for writing them directly. It helps me come up with ideas and summarize articles as well as image generation. Its suggestions aren’t always accurate or directly useful and often require editing. AI is a powerful and fun tool, but it’s just and only that: a tool to be used appropriately.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168449
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✅ Watch next ▶ AI Isn’t Artificial Intelligence ▶ youtu.be/0X5nHcu4Al4
Chapters
0:00 How I Use AI
0:50 I write every article on Ask Leo!
1:00 AI is a tool
2:40 AI for ideation
4:00 Putting ChatGPT to work
7:00 Writing a summary
11:00 Images
19:00 Using AI like an intern
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✔️ Using OneDrive storage as a simple hard drive
You can use OneDrive as a “dumb hard drive” by using tools like Mountain Duck that mount your OneDrive storage as a virtual hard drive. This doesn’t involve the OneDrive app on your PC or require you to visit OneDrive.com. Mountain Duck lets you access and manage your OneDrive online storage directly, bypassing OneDrive’s annoying integration and automation features.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168426
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Get Rid of OneDrive? ▶ youtu.be/_2O6bzb_W9s
Chapters
0:00 Use OneDrive as a Dumb Hard Drive
1:00 Use the Onedrive.com online interface
1:55 Mountain Duck
2:50 Mounting the server as a drive
4:00 Cyberduck is free, Mountainduck is for purchase
4:45 Using Mountainduck
7:30 Check your interface with Onedrive.com
9:00 Access files with Mountainduck
11:14 There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch
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⚛️ Articles referenced in this video:
- How Do I Change My Hotmail or Outlook.com Password If I Forgot It? askleo.com/2355
- Microsoft Account Recovery Page account.live.com/acsr
- How Do I Get Into My Hotmail/Outlook.com Account If I Don’t Have the Recovery Phone or Email Anymore? askleo.com/16095
- Someone’s Sending from My Email Address! How Do I Stop Them? askleo.com/1887
- Someone’s Sending Email that Looks Like it’s from Me to My Contacts, What Can I Do? askleo.com/7759
- Someone's stolen my email account and is scamming my contacts for money, what do I do? askleo.com/4303
- How Do I Change My Hotmail or Outlook.com Password? askleo.com/10645
- How Do I Choose a Good Password? askleo.com/5440
- Is Changing My Password Enough? askleo.com/15053
- How Do I Close My Hotmail or Outlook.com Account? askleo.com/12379
- How Do I Contact Outlook.com Customer Service? askleo.com/10789
- Are Free Email Services Worth It? Https://askleo.com/2217
- What For-Pay Email Providers Do You Recommend? askleo.com/2824
- Internet Safety: 7 Steps to Staying Safe Online askleo.com/2374
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/4445
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✅ Watch next ▶ What’s the Difference Between Outlook, Outlook, and Outlook.com? ▶ youtu.be/e3rmbpWepOI
Chapters
0:00 Recover My Outlook Account
0:30 The Microsoft account
1:15 Microsoft, Outlook.com, and travel
2:40 I can’t log in!
4:30 Other signs of a hack
5:00 The overseas trip scam
5:50 Changing your password
7:10 Closing your account
8:00 Contacting Microsoft
8:40 Free email services
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#askleo #outlook #recover
➡️ Free backup software
Many external drives come with free backup software that is either unknown or constrained in some way. EaseUS Todo is a free alternative available online. Backups are important enough that I prefer to invest in the paid versions of either EaseUS Todo or Macrium Reflect.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/19892
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✅ Watch next ▶ Don't Use Windows Built-in Image Backup ▶ youtu.be/oK8nevrmfhM
Chapters
0:00 External drive backup software
0:55 Free external drive backup software
1:35 Good free solutions
2:20 It's worth paying for
3:00 Format the disk
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☎️ Recall an email
Email recall as commonly understood doesn’t work in Gmail or Outlook.com. True recall is only possible within certain corporate email systems under specific conditions. Generally, once an email is sent, it’s out of your control. Gmail’s “Undo Send” feature isn’t a true recall but a delay in sending.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168254
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Does Undo Send Work? ▶ youtu.be/EzZlTKhEfTk
Chapters
0:00 Recall Email From Gmail or Outlook.com?
0:30 Once email is sent, it’s sent
1:00 It’s in the protocol, kind of
2:00 It sometimes works in corporate systems
3:00 The Streisand effect
4:25 Gmail's undo send feature
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#askleo #email #recall
❌ Changing your phone number
Keeping your phone number when changing phones or providers prevents you from losing access to online accounts due to outdated recovery information. If you do change numbers, it’s crucial to update all accounts to avoid permanent lockout or unauthorized access by someone who might inherit your old number.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168318
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✅ Watch next ▶ I Lost My Phone With My Second Factor for Authentication. How Do I Recover? ▶ youtu.be/Gr8EA7fr7Cg
Chapters
0:00 Change Your Phone Number
0:55 A new number is not required
2:10 OK, you have a new number, now what?
3:33 Someone has your number
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#askleo #phone #number
✴️ Pig-butchering scams
Pig-butchering scams are long-term cons where scammers build trust over time before defrauding victims with significant financial loss. These scams have increased with technology’s use. Key red flags include moving conversations to private channels, refusal to meet, and requests for money, often under emotional pretense. Always be cautious with money, especially with people you’ve never met.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168294
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Can I Protect Myself from Scams? ▶ youtu.be/PsgQ_7Ex2Nk
Chapters
0:00 Pig-Butchering Scam
0:28 It’s a long con
1:25 Example: the romance scam
3:00 Red flags
4:00 Cryptocurrency or gift cards
5:40 No actual pigs were harmed...
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#askleo #scam #pigscam
❓ Memory vs. disk space
RAM is the memory circuitry in your computer that holds programs and data in use when it’s running. RAM loses its contents when power is shut off.
Disks, HDDs and SSDs are devices used to store data long term. Disks retain their contents without power.
Memory always refers to RAM. Disk space refers to disk space.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/4727
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✅ Watch next ▶ Does My Computer Need a Memory Upgrade? ▶ youtu.be/J6hbbHzPm9w
Chapters
0:00 Memory and Disk Space
1:00 RAM memory
2:00 Disk memory
3:10 Flash or thumb drives
3:50 Memory
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#askleo #memory #RAM
👍 Everything's Awesome!
Childhood LEGO gifts from my grandmother began my journey into making things, engineering, and eventually technology. There’s been so much to marvel at along the way, even to this day. Remember, we’re living in the future, and there is much around us to inspire awe.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/17601
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✅ Watch next ▶ Internet Safety: 7 Steps to Staying Safe Online ▶ youtu.be/bSBLF66cCN0?si=nrtE7p0cJQYhHCJB
Chapters
0:00 Everything Is Awesome
0:30 I had LEGO toys before LEGO was cool
4:00 So much is going right
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✴️ Can malware record me?
If your computer is compromised by malware or hacking, hackers can indeed record your video calls, as well as audio, keystrokes, data, and more. Once your machine is compromised, it’s essentially not yours anymore, and hackers can do just about anything with it without your notice. The bottom line: maintain proper security practices.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/13103
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why You — Yes, You — Are a Target of Hackers ▶ youtu.be/_Z4VLEuDR8g
Chapters
0:00 Malware record
1:15 It’s not your computer anymore
2:40 This is why I harp on staying safe
3:15 A word about “My computer’s been hacked”
4:40 But is it possible to record video?
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⏰ Should I Accept Cookies On My Computer
Accepting “Legitimate Interest” cookies is generally okay since they’re part of how websites implement features and functionalities. The European GDPR legislation requires sites to ask for consent, leading to frequent, typically ignored consent dialogs. Cookies are used for various purposes and are not designed to leak personal data.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168042
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Websites Remember You: Diving into Cookies & More ▶ youtu.be/D4PeyVvc5dU
Chapters
0:00 Should I Accept Cookies On My Computer?
0:45 Generally speaking they are okay
1:40 The web won't work without cookies
2:00 What's a cookie?
4:00 Why cookies concern some
6:00 What to do?
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#askleo #cookies #security
❌ Replacing Authy desktop
Although Authy is discontinuing its desktop app, I’ve discovered that 1Password also supports two-factor authentication (TOTP) codes! It already syncs across devices, offering a seamless alternative for managing two-factor authentication.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/168085
🔔 Subscribe to the Ask Leo! YouTube channel for more tech videos & answers: go.askleo.com/ytsub
✅ Watch next ▶ I Lost My Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Device. How Do I Sign In? ▶ youtu.be/6bt4ab7QOcc
Chapters
0:00 The Demise of Authy Desktop
1:00 What is Authy?
2:00 1Password to the rescue
3:00 Set up 1Password
7:00 If it's not automatic
8:30 When 1Password has two factor
9:00 Change all your accounts
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#askleo #Authy #twofactor
✴️ Do Ads follow me?
A technique called remarketing allows advertisers to show ads for things you’ve previously looked at.
The technique targets your computer, not you as an individual.
Clearing cookies periodically or using an ad blocker may help.
Ads that seem to follow you are benign and nothing to be concerned about.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/5670
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✅ Watch next ▶ It’s Important You Know: There Are Ads in Search Results ▶ youtu.be/HS-KKtfgy7o
Chapters
0:00 Ads Follow Me Around
1:00 It's marketing
3:50 Advertising and tracking
6:00 Ad blockers
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#askleo #ads #following
❎ Converting PDF to Word
PDFs are designed for viewing, not editing. However, you can modify them by converting them back to Word using Google Drive and Docs. This free method isn’t perfect and may require cleanup, but it’s useful for recovering document content when no original file is available.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167971
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Are My Revisions Visible In Word? ▶ youtu.be/8OUCPCyRfyk
Chapters
0:00 Convert PDF to Word for Free
1:40 Start PDF conversion
2:30 Use Google docs
6:00 Download to Microsoft Word
6:55 Download as Rich Text Format
8:15 Other options
9:12 My suggestion...
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✏️ MSN sign in to Hotmail via Outlook.com
Microsoft has consolidated all its email services under Outlook.com, replacing separate sign-ins for Hotmail, Live, and other Microsoft email addresses. Users of any Microsoft email domain now access their email through Outlook.com. This reflects Microsoft’s evolving email strategy over 25+ years.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167961
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✅ Watch next ▶ What’s the Difference Between Outlook, Outlook, and Outlook.com? ▶ youtu.be/e3rmbpWepOI
Chapters
0:00 MSN Sign-In to Hotmail
1:00 Hotmail and MSN history
1:50 There is no MSN Hotmail
3:00 Windows Live
3:45 Outlook.com
4:30 Manage your email at outlook.com
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#askleo #outlook #msn
☀️ Good guys and bad guys
The bad guys, or Black Hats, often seem to be ahead in computer security because they’re constantly finding new vulnerabilities. This doesn’t usually affect the average consumer directly. It’s a race, and the good guys, or White Hats, are always working to catch up. Although the media may exaggerate the severity of threats, by following basic security practices the average person can stay safe. It’s important not to panic and remain skeptical of sensational headlines.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/78360
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Are There So Many Internet Jerks? Bad Behavior on the Internet ▶ youtu.be/q01Iv4dfnXw
Chapters
0:00 Bad Guys Winning
0:50 Bad guys in the lead
3:00 All software has bugs
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✔️ Moving emails
To move emails from an old account to a new one, use a desktop email program supporting multiple accounts and IMAP, like Thunderbird or Microsoft Outlook. Configure the program with both your old and new email accounts, then simply drag and drop emails from one account’s folder to the other. IMAP ensures that changes made in the desktop email program are reflected online.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167850
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✅ Watch next ▶ How To Change Your Email Address On GMail ▶ youtu.be/_eBaaHjAmAA
Chapters
0:00 Move emails from one account to another
2:40 Turn IMAP on in Gmail
3:50 Using a desktop email program
4:00 Setting up Gmail
7:00 Add an account
8:00 Create an app password
10:00 Merging your email
12:50 Data loss
13:00 Labels and folders
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✴️ Monitoring your internet connection
Employees at ISPs technically have the ability to monitor your online activity, but it’s unlikely they would without a reason. To further protect your privacy a VPN is a common recommendation. Using a VPN transfers the visibility of your activities from your ISP to the VPN provider, giving them the same access as your ISP. Governments may require ISPs to log user data, but the specifics vary and can change frequently. Most folks need not take protective measures.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/3004
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Keep My Email Address When I Change My ISP? ▶ youtu.be/_B1zk3IgDoI
Chapters
0:00 My ISP Monitor Internet Connection
1:00 Your ISP
3:20 Protecting your connection
4:00 Anonymous web surfing.
5:00 Encrypted email.
5:40 A special note about VPNs
7:10 One area of concern
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⌛ Increasing the odds of network success
Use the same workgroup for all machines.
Turn on Network Discovery.
Choose “Private” network type.
Make sure there’s a common account on all machines, ideally a local administrator-capable account.
Create shares with appropriate permissions.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167701
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Monitor My Home Network Usage? ▶ youtu.be/s8WjdlMw38M
Chapters
0:00 Windows Network Sharing
1:10 Same workgroup
2:10 Network discovery
3:00 Use a private network
4:00 Have a common account
5:15 Create a share
8:00 Copy a file
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❓ Folders Not Showing In Outlook?
Folders might not show in your desktop email program if it’s configured to use POP3 instead of IMAP, as POP3 doesn’t support folders. For Gmail users, the issue might be Gmail’s use of labels instead of folders. These labels might not appear as folders in your email program if the “Show in IMAP” setting is unchecked in Gmail. This setting avoids duplicate downloading of emails. Check your email account’s online settings to ensure folders are configured to show in IMAP.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167686
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✅ Watch next ▶ Add an Account to the Microsoft Mail Program ▶ youtu.be/d2DU2pyhPIQ
Chapters
0:00 Mail Folders Not Showing In Outlook
0:40 POP3 does not support folders.
0:50 IMAP stays in sync
1:20 Gmail does not have folders
3:00 All mail and archive
4:30 Show in IMAP
6:00 If IMAP is not enabled
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⚛️ Losing your Google Authenticator compatible 2FA
If you prepare ahead of time, losing your Google Authenticator compatible device is only a minor inconvenience. Screenshot the QR code or save the secret string during setup. This allows you to easily recover and setup on a new device, keeping your accounts secure. Store these safely for future use.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167669
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✅ Watch next ▶ I Lost My Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Device. How Do I Sign In? ▶ youtu.be/6bt4ab7QOcc
Chapters
0:00 Protect Yourself from 2FA Loss
0:55 Setting up Google Authenticator
3:00 Saving the QR code
4:00 Secrets
5:00 Security
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☝️ Conspiracy theories
Some believe big companies are conspiring to exploit or harm individuals. I just don’t see concrete evidence. Common theories include misuse of data collection, hardware sales manipulation via Windows 11 requirements, cloud storage spying, smart home devices as surveillance tools, and social media mind control. These theories generally lack proof and overestimate the ability of people to keep secrets. It’s critical to stay skeptical and remember that simpler explanations, not driven by malice but perhaps by incompetence or error, are almost always more accurate.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167655
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✅ Watch next ▶ Did Microsoft Lie? ▶ youtu.be/Q_IzkSXBhpI
Chapters
0:00 Don’t Believe in Conspiracies
1:10 Occam's razor
2:00 Hanlon's razor
2:45 Data collection
5:10 Windows 11 exists to sell more hardware
8:15 Cloud services slurp up your data
11:40 Smart home devices exist to spy on us
14:20 Social media exists to control our minds
16:00 Hidden messages in software updates
17:15 AI as a tool for mass surveillance
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❓ Newsletter open tracking
Newsletter senders use “email open tracking” to infer if an email was opened. This involves embedding a unique image or redirecting links in the email. This matters to senders because it’s a reflection of the perceived quality and reputation of their newsletter, often used by mail systems as part of their spam filtering criteria.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/12232
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Am I Not Getting the Email Newsletter I Signed Up For? ▶ youtu.be/mQUzzZT8JhQ
Chapters
0:00 Can Newsletter Tell I Haven’t Opened Their Newsletter?
1:20 Newsletter open tracking
2:00 Open tracking
3:40 Inferred open
4:50 Open tracking fail
5:40 Opening isn’t reading
6:00 Why publishers care
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➕ Windows 11 with only a local account
To set up Windows 11 with only a local account, select “Set up for personal use” during setup, then “Sign in” at the Microsoft account prompt. Enter “no@thankyou.com“, or the email address of any locked Microsoft account, as the email, a random password, and proceed despite the error. You can then create a local account with a username, password, and security questions.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167438
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Create a Local Account in Windows 10? ▶ 52AB3cjwIKA
Chapters
0:00 Windows 11 With A Local Account
0:40 Windows setup
1:15 Select personal use
1:40 Fake it
4:00 Caution
5:00 Microsoft services
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✔️ Making a backup Windows image
- Search for ‘control panel’
- Select ‘Backup and Restore (Windows 7)’
- Choose ‘Create a system image’
- Select an external hard drive as the destination
The time it’ll take will vary based on the amount being backed up, and the drive speeds.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/167436
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✅ Watch next ▶ Why Do You Prefer Macrium Reflect Over Windows's Own Image Backup Program? ▶ youtu.be/OBdybo7kN3k
Chapters
0:00 Backup windows image
0:45 Windows 7 backup tool in Windows 11
1:20 Where to find Windows Backup
2:10 Create a system image
4:00 Backup windows image is created
5:50 What does a Windows backup image look like?
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❌ Recovering software installs
To avoid reinstallation issues, always save purchased software, discs, downloads, activation codes, and registration emails. If you lose them, try redownloading from, or contacting, the original vendor. You can carefully check secondary markets, but I recommend avoiding unofficial download sites and software “cracks” due to malware risks.
Updates, related links, and more discussion: askleo.com/13360
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✅ Watch next ▶ How Do I Transfer Purchased Software to My New Machine? ▶ youtu.be/IRszOzXxGL8
Chapters
0:00 Reinstall Software Without Download Files
0:50 Start doing this NOW
1:35 Recovering downloads
4:20 Download sites
5:30 Recovering actual media
6:30 Recovering activation codes
7:40 Moving the software
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