Uploaded July 2025 | Updated September 2026, 22 hours ago
Duncan Williamson (1928-2007) was a Traveller of Furnace, Argyllshire, Scotland, later settled in Fife. Filmed by David Kotyk as part of the John D. Niles folklore research team for the "Scottish Voices" project at a clump of bushes close by the place where Duncan was born, at the shore of Loch Fyne, somewhat south of the village of Furnace, Argyll in August 1986.
The original movie can be watched here:
https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/ARA7IJ2NYCF7AB8M
A biography of Duncan Williamson can be read here:
tobarandualchais.co.uk/person/4292?l=en
Linda Williamson's thesis on Scottish Traveller singing can be read here, it's well worth your time if you're interested in Duncan Williamson's song repertoire: era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8223
I used my knowledge on video editing to share the films on Youtube in the highest possible quality, I used manual video upscaling (no AI was used!) for this, to further document variants of traditional ballads and songs which has been my hobby for many years. I claim no ownership of the video, all the rights belong with the University of Wisconsin which houses the John D. Niles Collection.
Note by Kevin W.:
I was delighted to discover these videos of Scotland's great tradition bearers in the John D. Niles Collection. The often poorly treated Scottish Travellers honor the memories of their ancestors through songs, music and storytelling. They are proud of their culture and kept old traditions alive for hundreds of years. Many of our most gifted traditional singers and storytellers are Travellers.
Scottish Travellers are an indigenous ethnic minority in Scotland who live or traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle and for centuries were unfairly shunned by the settled population. For that reason the singing culture of the Travelling people had not been well documented before the 20th century when non-Travellers with an interest in folklore visited and befriended Travellers and started recording their songs, music and stories.
The videos give us an impression of what Duncan Williamson was like as a person and they show us how he performed his songs and stories to an audience. The visual aspect of performance is completely missed when we listen to sound recordings.
My main interest are the songs and ballads from Traveller tradition which Duncan kept alive. His interest in folklore led him to seek out other Traveller singers and storytellers and learn songs and stories from them, many of which were on the verge of being lost forever. In a way Duncan was a folklore collector himself.
Duncan Williamson (1928-2007) was a Traveller of Furnace, Argyllshire, Scotland, later settled in Fife. Filmed by David Kotyk as part of the John D. Niles folklore research team for the "Scottish Voices" project at a clump of bushes close by the place where Duncan was born, at the shore of Loch Fyne, somewhat south of the village of Furnace, Argyll in August 1986.
The original movie can be watched here:
https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/ARA7IJ2NYCF7AB8M
A biography of Duncan Williamson can be read here:
tobarandualchais.co.uk/person/4292?l=en
Linda Williamson's thesis on Scottish Traveller singing can be read here, it's well worth your time if you're interested in Duncan Williamson's song repertoire: era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8223
I used my knowledge on video editing to share the films on Youtube in the highest possible quality, I used manual video upscaling (no AI was used!) for this, to further document variants of traditional ballads and songs which has been my hobby for many years. I claim no ownership of the video, all the rights belong with the University of Wisconsin which houses the John D. Niles Collection.
Note by Kevin W.:
I was delighted to discover these videos of Scotland's great tradition bearers in the John D. Niles Collection. The often poorly treated Scottish Travellers honor the memories of their ancestors through songs, music and storytelling. They are proud of their culture and kept old traditions alive for hundreds of years. Many of our most gifted traditional singers and storytellers are Travellers.
Scottish Travellers are an indigenous ethnic minority in Scotland who live or traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle and for centuries were unfairly shunned by the settled population. For that reason the singing culture of the Travelling people had not been well documented before the 20th century when non-Travellers with an interest in folklore visited and befriended Travellers and started recording their songs, music and stories.
The videos give us an impression of what Duncan Williamson was like as a person and they show us how he performed his songs and stories to an audience. The visual aspect of performance is completely missed when we listen to sound recordings.
My main interest are the songs and ballads from Traveller tradition which Duncan kept alive. His interest in folklore led him to seek out other Traveller singers and storytellers and learn songs and stories from them, many of which were on the verge of being lost forever. In a way Duncan was a folklore collector himself.


![John Barleycorn (Roud 164) - Duncan Williamson
The Barley Grain / John Barleycorn (Roud No. 164) - Sung by Duncan Williamson, a Traveller of Furnace, Argyllshire, Scotland, later settled in Fife. Recorded by David Engle on January 18, 1987.
The original recording can be listened to here:
https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/91096?l=en
A biography of Duncan Williamson along with many further sound recordings can be found here:
https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/person/4292?l=en
Linda Williamsons thesis on Scottish Traveller singing can be read here, it is well worth your time if you are interested in Duncan Williamsons song repertoire: https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8223
Note by Kevin W.:
This is Robert Burns text of John Barleycorn, first published in 1782, which Duncan learned as a boy in school. Its a fine rendition, the only one Ive ever heard sung by a traditional singer from Scotland. Duncan said in a recording made by John D. Niles in August 1986 that the tune was one his father played on the bagpipes and he put it to Robert Burns words.
Song transcription:
There were three kings into the East,
Three kings both great and high,
And they had sworn a solemn oath,
John Barleycorn should die.
O ho poor Barley,
O poor Barleycorn,
It would cut the heart from a dying man,
To hear poor Barley groan.
[So they took a plough, they ploughed him down,
Put clods upon his head,
And then they swore a solemn oath,
John Barleycorn was dead.] *
And then the Spring it entered mild,
And showers began to fall;
John Barleycorn got up again,
And he so surprised them all.
And then the summer entered warm,
And he grew strong and tall;
His head well armed with pointed spears,
No one could do him wrong.
O ho John Barley,
O John Barleycorn,
It would cut the heart of a dying man,
To hear John Barley groan.
And then October entered mild,
And he grew wan and pale;
His bending head and drooping joints,
Showed hed began to fail.
His colour sickened more and more,
As he grew into age;
And then his enemies began
To show their deadly rage.
They taken a weapon long and sharp,
And cut him by the knee;
They tied him fast upon a cart,
Like a rogue for forgery.
O ho John Barley,
O John Barleycorn,
It would cut the heart from a dying man,
To hear John Barley groan.
They laid him out upon the floor,
To work him for their woe;
And as the signs of life appeared,
They tossed him too and fro.
They filled up a deep and darksome pit,
With water to the brim;
They heaved in poor John Barleycorn,
For to let him sink or swim.
O ho poor Barley,
O poor Barleycorn,
It would cut the heart of a dying man,
To hear John Barley groan.
They roasted o’er a scorching fire,
The marrow of his bones;
But the miller used him worst of all,
For he crushed him between two stones.
And then they taken his very heart’s blood,
And drank it round and round;
And as they more and more they drank,
Their joy did more abound.
John Barleycorn is a noble man,
Of gentle enterprise;
And if you do but taste his blood,
It will make your courage rise.
It will make a man forget his woes,
Will tiding all his joy;
It will make the widow’s heart to sing,
Though tear be in her eye.
So here’s to dear John Barleycorn,
Each man a glass in hand;
And may his great prosperity,
Never fail in all Scotland.
O ho John Barley,
O John Barleycorn,
It would cut the heart of a dying man,
To hear John Barley groan.
* Duncan missed this verse on this occasion but sang it in other recordings. John Barleycorn (Roud 164) - Duncan Williamson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DV9bL9HhuWU/mqdefault.jpg)



![Mary Mild (Child 173) - Willie Mathieson
Four Maries / The Four Marys / Mary Mild / Mary Hamilton (Child No. 173) - Sung by William Mathieson of Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He learned the song either from John Shewan, a shepherd, or from a Mr. Fowlie at Gourdieburn when he was about ten years old. Recorded by Hamish Henderson in April 1952.
Note by Kevin W.:
This is an important version of Child 173, one of few recorded texts to preserve the original story about the infanticide. Nearly all recent texts have reduced the ballad into a short lyrical lament in which no reason for Mary Hamiltons hanging is given.
Mr. Mathieson told Hamish Henderson in 1952 that he learned the song from John Shewan, a shepherd, when he was about ten years old. However, when he sang it previously in the 1930s for Dr. James Madison Carpenter he told him that he had learned it from a Mr. Fowlie at Gourdieburn, Aberdeenshire thirty-eight years ago.
The text matches Child 173 Version M, from James Maidments North Countrie Garland (1824, reprinted in 1891), but includes additional (non story relevant) stanzas:
http://71.174.62.16/Demo/LongerHarvest?Text=Child_d17313
Willie Mathieson wasnt known to be dishonest about ballad sources but it is thinkable that the person he got it from learned it from print, or filled out their short lyrical version of the song with print stanzas telling the full story. The date Willie Mathieson learned it was only a few years after the 1891 reprint of the North Countrie Garland.
Song transcription:
Then doon it cam Queen Mary
Wi gowd links in her hair,
Saying, Mary Mild, where is the child
That I heard greet sae sair?
Chorus:
Yestreen the Queen had four Maries;
This nicht shell hae but three:
There was Mary Beaton, an Mary Seaton,
An Mary Carmichael, an me. [*]
There was nae child wi me, madam;
There was nae child wi me.
It was but me in a sair colic
When I was like tae dee.
Chorus
Im not deceived, Queen Mary said.
Nae, nae, indeed, not I.
Mary Mild, where is the child?
For sure I heard it cry.
Chorus
She turned doon the blankets fine,
Likewise the holland sheet,
An underneath there strangled lay
A lovely baby sweet.
O cruel mother, said the Queen,
Some fiend possessed thee,
But I will hang you for this deed,
My Mary thoch you be.
Chorus
O happy, happy is the maid
Thats born o beauty free,
For it was my dimplin rosy cheeks
Thats been the ruin o me.
O often hae I dressed my queen
An put gowd in her hair,
An noo I got for my reward
The gallows tae be my share.
Chorus
O little did my mother think
When first she cradled me
That I would dee sae far frae hame,
Or hang on a gallows tree.
Theyll tie a napkin roun my een,
An theyll nae let me see tae dee;
An theyll neer let on tae father an mother,
But Im awa oer the sea.
Chorus
When she cam tae the Netherbo Port,
She laughed loud lachters three,
But when she cam tae the gallows foot,
The saut tear blint her ee.
Chorus
Ye mariners, ye mariners,
That sail upon the sea,
Let not my father or mother ken
The death that I maun dee.
I was my parents only hope;
They neer had ane but me;
They little thought when I left hame
The death that I should dee.
Chorus
* It should be noted that Willie did not use this verse as a chorus when he sang for Dr. Carpenter in the 1930s. He only sang it once as the final verse. Mary Mild (Child 173) - Willie Mathieson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F6GOaRsme5A/mqdefault.jpg)



![Lady Nancy / Lady Diamond (Child 269) - Aunt Molly Jackson
Lady Nancy / Lady Daisy / Lady Dysie / Lady Eliza / Lady Diamond (Child No. 269) - Sung by Aunt Molly Jackson (Mary Magdalene Garland Stewart Jackson Stamos) (1880–1960) of Clay County, Kentucky. She learned songs from her great-grandmother, Nancy MacMahan, at an early age and was also known to write her own songs and arrange ballads from print. Recorded by Alan and Elizabeth Lomax in New York on May 27, 1939.
Note by Kevin W.:
Aunt Molly Jacksons Lady Nancy is a version of Lady Diamond (Child 269). She arranged it from print. Child 269 is rare in oral tradition and has never been found outside of Scotland.
Aunt Molly Jackson was known to arrange songs from a copy of Francis James Childs ballad books she was given by folklorist Tillman Cadle and his wife Mary Elizabeth Barnicle sometime before the Lomaxes recorded her. She made her own version of The Birth of Robin Hood (Child 102) because she liked and could identify with the Robin Hood character. She adapted it from Child 102, Version B, from Peter Buchans Ballads of the North of Scotland (1828). She sang many genuine folk songs that agree with other Kentucky versions, mind you, but the ones that havent been collected from other singers in America are likely to be her own creations which she was open to admit to Alan Lomax. She told him she composed the songs based on texts from a ballad book.
A traditional version of Child 269 can be heard here:
https://youtu.be/qoS3n3HBOX0
Lady Daisy, sung by Mary Stewart Robertson, a Traveller of New Deer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland for James Madison Carpenter in 1932. She learned the song from her mother.
Song transcription:
There was a king in olden times
A king of wealth and fame
He had one child, a beautiful girl
And Nancy was her name.
This king he had a kitchen boy
And William was his name
He fell in love with the Kings young daughter
And brought her body to shame.
When the nightingale sang in the tree
And the beasts lay down to rest
This kitchen boy lay between Lady Nancys [thighs]
And her head lay on her breast.
When he went into Lady Nancys room
They pulled her curtains down
Then they both did lay in Lady Nancys bed
To sport and play around.
Lady Nancy went out in the garden one day
To take a walk alone
Her father saw [by his lovely daughters form]
She walked in a [familiar] way.
Oh Nancy my child come tell me true
Who done this thing to thee
Was it some lord in London town
Or a baron of high degree?
It was no lord in London town
Or no baron of high degree
It was fair Willie your kitchen boy
Ive no cause to lie to thee.
For I love bonnie William hes all my heart
And I know that he loves me.
I shall kill this fair bonnie boy, he said
For doing this thing to thee
Oh do not kill my bonnie fair love
Before you first kill me.
Then the King took out his kitchen boy
And killed him on the plain
His hair was like the strands of gold
His eyes like crystal stream.
Farewell, farewell, Lady Nancy
Farewell, farewell, said he
Our love has caused us much pain
Farewell my love to thee.
Then the King cut out fair Williams heart
And put it in a cup of gold
Take that to Lady Nancys [room then]
For she is careless and bold.
[Spoken: For she is careless and bold?]
Then she washed her true loves heart with tears
That fell from her deep blue eyes
Then all the towns folk gathered all around
To hear her fearful moan/cries.
Oh fare you well my father the King
You destroyed my pride and joy
Since he died for me I shall die for him
This bonnie young kitchen boy.
I have made cruel the King he said
My child, your love to blame
For theres never been such a beautiful boy
As the boy that Ive just now slain.
There never has been such a fair young man
As the man Ive just now slain
There is nothing too cruel for a King to do
When madness turns his brain.
You should burn for this, my father the King
For taking my love from me
For he was the father of my unborn babe
You have destroyed all three.
For Im going to curse my painful heart
For Im going to curse my painful heart
Then my babe will die in me.
Then she stepped into her own bedroom
And quietly closed the door
Saying farewell my cruel old father, the King
My voice you should hear no more.
Then she picked up her own penknife
And pierced it through her heart
Saying go bury me in the arms of my own true love
Do not bury us apart.
Then the King called his servant men
And told them what to do
Bury Nancy and William breast to breast
And their baby tween the two.
[Spoken: Whered you learn that song? I learned it from the English Poems book about the Kings of England and things like that and I composed the song from the words, from the story.]
(The words in brackets I wasnt certain on) Lady Nancy / Lady Diamond (Child 269) - Aunt Molly Jackson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GgpAAIUD6ok/mqdefault.jpg)