Insights into Mathematics | Dual complex numbers and Leibniz's differentiation rules | Famous Math Problems 22b | N J Wildberger @njwildberger | Uploaded 3 years ago | Updated 13 hours ago
We are aiming to explain a purely algebraic approach to infinitesimals that extends differential calculus to general fields -- even to finite fields. The dual complex numbers are another commutative subalgebra of the algebra of Dihedrons. They were introduced by William Clifford in 1873.
To set up this theory, we first have to review the data structure approach to polynomials, called polynumbers. These are not functions, but rather expressions defined over a general field, which can be evaluated at elements of the field. Happily they can also be evaluated at dual numbers over that field, which include the infinitesimal "epsilon". This is not some "infinitely small quantity", but just a special, and rather simple 2 x 2 matrix.
We also introduce Leibniz's rules of differentiation that we are aiming to understand, and that go back before Leibniz to the first person to introduce the Derivative --Johann Faulhaber.
A correction to pg 4, second line: the condition is for l greater than k, not for l greater than 0.
*************************
Screenshot PDFs for my videos are available at the website http://wildegg.com. These give you a concise overview of the contents of the lectures for various Playlists: great for review, study and summary.
My research papers can be found at my Research Gate page, at researchgate.net/profile/Norman_Wildberger
My blog is at http://njwildberger.com, where I will discuss lots of foundational issues, along with other things.
Online courses will be developed at openlearning.com. The first one, already underway is Algebraic Calculus One at openlearning.com/courses/algebraic-calculus-one Please join us for an exciting new approach to one of mathematics' most important subjects!
If you would like to support these new initiatives for mathematics education and research, please consider becoming a Patron of this Channel at patreon.com/njwildberger Your support would be much appreciated.
Here are the Insights into Mathematics Playlists:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL55C7C83781CF4316
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3C58498718451C47
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5A714C94D40392AB
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85BhzJ-oWNug1YtUjfWp1qAp
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Bfc-S4WHvTIM7E-ir3nAOf
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85D94vHAB8joyFTH4dmVJ_Fw
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8403C2F0C89B1333
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CcGpZpO542YLPeDIf1jqXK
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Aqe2b4FBWUGJdYROT6-o4e
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DB7CzoFWvA920NES3g8tJH
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85A-qCypcmZqRvaS1pGXpTua
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DH__ZzGQWQrVRxlbKh-Nsa
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CdeBmQZ2QiCEnPQn5KQ6ov
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85AMigTyprOuf__daeklnLse
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CnIGIWb7tH1F_S2PyOC8rb
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CN9oJ4gYkuSQQhAtpIucuI
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DWUiFYYGqJVtfnkUFWkKtP
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6763F57A61FE6FE8
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBF39AFBBC3FB30AF
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DSrlV6NX8RMBksZhdTHtwW
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Bmcc9ksBOAKgIZAl0BwPg7
Here are the Wild Egg Maths Playlists (some available only to Members!)
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4rKFN541wFKvKPSg5Ea6XB
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4VlOppC5CN0D0GjrjvBGKy
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5VLVr-0LPPgm4T1mtU_DG-
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6zpIZ4Y_RK9zyJ9OufqNJv
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz7hk_Kzj4zDF_kUXBCtiGn6
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5j1BJdXBw1MFst_nQAqzZ_
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5HWgaVkhIwpGVKi6fciRxW
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5HBT_Yo1G4DfeqUfI9zkKM
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz7LKbuJAHaXAhRj2ylD0OoX
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6VcJQ5xcuqY6g4DWjvpmjM
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6MwUTOHRgC0oIxVtaHGQBd
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4KD007Ge10dfrDVc4YwlYS
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4IknbwXMEVwxOWS3z1Ch3C
************************
We are aiming to explain a purely algebraic approach to infinitesimals that extends differential calculus to general fields -- even to finite fields. The dual complex numbers are another commutative subalgebra of the algebra of Dihedrons. They were introduced by William Clifford in 1873.
To set up this theory, we first have to review the data structure approach to polynomials, called polynumbers. These are not functions, but rather expressions defined over a general field, which can be evaluated at elements of the field. Happily they can also be evaluated at dual numbers over that field, which include the infinitesimal "epsilon". This is not some "infinitely small quantity", but just a special, and rather simple 2 x 2 matrix.
We also introduce Leibniz's rules of differentiation that we are aiming to understand, and that go back before Leibniz to the first person to introduce the Derivative --Johann Faulhaber.
A correction to pg 4, second line: the condition is for l greater than k, not for l greater than 0.
*************************
Screenshot PDFs for my videos are available at the website http://wildegg.com. These give you a concise overview of the contents of the lectures for various Playlists: great for review, study and summary.
My research papers can be found at my Research Gate page, at researchgate.net/profile/Norman_Wildberger
My blog is at http://njwildberger.com, where I will discuss lots of foundational issues, along with other things.
Online courses will be developed at openlearning.com. The first one, already underway is Algebraic Calculus One at openlearning.com/courses/algebraic-calculus-one Please join us for an exciting new approach to one of mathematics' most important subjects!
If you would like to support these new initiatives for mathematics education and research, please consider becoming a Patron of this Channel at patreon.com/njwildberger Your support would be much appreciated.
Here are the Insights into Mathematics Playlists:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL55C7C83781CF4316
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3C58498718451C47
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5A714C94D40392AB
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85BhzJ-oWNug1YtUjfWp1qAp
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Bfc-S4WHvTIM7E-ir3nAOf
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85D94vHAB8joyFTH4dmVJ_Fw
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8403C2F0C89B1333
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CcGpZpO542YLPeDIf1jqXK
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Aqe2b4FBWUGJdYROT6-o4e
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DB7CzoFWvA920NES3g8tJH
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85A-qCypcmZqRvaS1pGXpTua
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DH__ZzGQWQrVRxlbKh-Nsa
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CdeBmQZ2QiCEnPQn5KQ6ov
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85AMigTyprOuf__daeklnLse
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CnIGIWb7tH1F_S2PyOC8rb
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85CN9oJ4gYkuSQQhAtpIucuI
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DWUiFYYGqJVtfnkUFWkKtP
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6763F57A61FE6FE8
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBF39AFBBC3FB30AF
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85DSrlV6NX8RMBksZhdTHtwW
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIljB45xT85Bmcc9ksBOAKgIZAl0BwPg7
Here are the Wild Egg Maths Playlists (some available only to Members!)
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4rKFN541wFKvKPSg5Ea6XB
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4VlOppC5CN0D0GjrjvBGKy
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5VLVr-0LPPgm4T1mtU_DG-
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6zpIZ4Y_RK9zyJ9OufqNJv
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz7hk_Kzj4zDF_kUXBCtiGn6
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5j1BJdXBw1MFst_nQAqzZ_
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5HWgaVkhIwpGVKi6fciRxW
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz5HBT_Yo1G4DfeqUfI9zkKM
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz7LKbuJAHaXAhRj2ylD0OoX
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6VcJQ5xcuqY6g4DWjvpmjM
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz6MwUTOHRgC0oIxVtaHGQBd
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4KD007Ge10dfrDVc4YwlYS
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzdiPTrEWyz4IknbwXMEVwxOWS3z1Ch3C
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