Uploaded December 2016 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Working of DC Motor
A DC motor is of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types relay on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion, a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT)
A Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) switch is a switch that has 2 inputs and 4 outputs; each input has 2 corresponding outputs that it can connect to each of the terminals of a double pole double switch can either be in 1 of 2 positions. This makes the double pole double throw switch a very versatile switch. With 2 inputs, it can connect to 4 different outputs. It can reroute a circuit into 2 different modes of operation. A Double Pole Single Switch is actually two single pole double throw (SPDT) switches, with adding another pole to the single pole double throw (SPDT) creates a double pole double throw (DPDT) switch. Basically, two SPDT switches, which can control two separate circuits, but are always switched together by a single actuator.
In this video, we are controlling single motor with one dpdt switch then after controlling two motor with dpdt switch. A DC motor, a DPDT switch preferably one with a center OFF position, so you can control the motor like this: Forward, stop and backwards, a Power supply that suits the specifications of the motor (has the voltage and amperage as the manufacturer of the motor recommends).Place the components in the part list then place a battery for power supply of 12v then place DPDT switch and short pin 1 & 6 and similarly for pin 2 & 5.Connect battery to pin 3 and 4.When pin 3 is connected to pin 1 and pin 4 is connected to pin 2,motor moves in forward direction and when pin 3 is connected to pin 5 and when pin 4 is connected to pin 6 then motor moves in reverse direction.
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Audio Source:-
RetroVision - Heroes [NCS Release]
this music is provided by NCS, the link to the track is
youtu.be/QfhF0V9VlJA
___________________________________
Download Circuit from link Below
mediafire.com/file/9i3zovdcm7zna5t/DC_MOTOR_WITH_DPDT%282%29.zip
________________________________________________
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Working of DC Motor
A DC motor is of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types relay on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion, a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT)
A Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) switch is a switch that has 2 inputs and 4 outputs; each input has 2 corresponding outputs that it can connect to each of the terminals of a double pole double switch can either be in 1 of 2 positions. This makes the double pole double throw switch a very versatile switch. With 2 inputs, it can connect to 4 different outputs. It can reroute a circuit into 2 different modes of operation. A Double Pole Single Switch is actually two single pole double throw (SPDT) switches, with adding another pole to the single pole double throw (SPDT) creates a double pole double throw (DPDT) switch. Basically, two SPDT switches, which can control two separate circuits, but are always switched together by a single actuator.
In this video, we are controlling single motor with one dpdt switch then after controlling two motor with dpdt switch. A DC motor, a DPDT switch preferably one with a center OFF position, so you can control the motor like this: Forward, stop and backwards, a Power supply that suits the specifications of the motor (has the voltage and amperage as the manufacturer of the motor recommends).Place the components in the part list then place a battery for power supply of 12v then place DPDT switch and short pin 1 & 6 and similarly for pin 2 & 5.Connect battery to pin 3 and 4.When pin 3 is connected to pin 1 and pin 4 is connected to pin 2,motor moves in forward direction and when pin 3 is connected to pin 5 and when pin 4 is connected to pin 6 then motor moves in reverse direction.
____________________________________________
Audio Source:-
RetroVision - Heroes [NCS Release]
this music is provided by NCS, the link to the track is
youtu.be/QfhF0V9VlJA
___________________________________
Download Circuit from link Below
mediafire.com/file/9i3zovdcm7zna5t/DC_MOTOR_WITH_DPDT%282%29.zip
________________________________________________
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-

![Controller Area Network (CAN) Part-2
What is CAN?
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial network that was originally designed for the automotive industry, but has also become a popular bus in industrial automation as well as other applications. The CAN bus is primarily used in embedded systems, and as its name implies, is the network established among microcontrollers. It is a two-wire, half duplex, high-speed network system and is well suited for high speed applications using short messages. Its robustness, reliability and the large following from the semiconductor industry are some of the benefits with CAN.
FullCAN
FullCAN is used in more expensive, high performance CAN controllers and microcontrollers. The FullCAN controller has a set of buffers called mailboxes. On initialization, each mailbox is assigned an identifier and is set to transmit or receive.
When the CAN controller receives a message it checks the mailboxes in order to see is there is a receive mailbox with the same identifier as the message. If such a mailbox is found, the message is stored in it and the host controller is notified. Otherwise the message is discarded.
When transmitting a message the message length and data is written to the transmit mailbox with the correct identifier.
If a remote message is received the controller checks the remote identifier against the transmit mailboxes. If a match is found, the controller automatically sends a message with the identifier and data contained in that mailbox. This means that the microcontroller gets a lower load, and that the software does not have to handle remote messages. However, if the mailbox has not been updated in a long time, the information sent to the network will be old. This have to be considered when writing the software.
With a FullCAN controller it is possible to filter out only the exact message types that are interesting. This type of controller will therefore give a lower load on the host microcontroller. However, the number of mailboxes are limited. The largest number of mailboxes present in a CAN controller today is ???.
With some controllers it is possible to reconfigure the mailboxes dynamically. However, that does not completely solve the problem. Therefore some controllers are mixed CAN controllers, that is they have mailboxes, but also BasicCAN buffers.
FullCAN controllers have support for automatically answering remote frames. This will decrease the load on the host microcontroller or processor, but may also mean that old information is sent. It is very important to take this into consideration when writing your application.
CAN can theoretically link up to 2032 devices (assuming one node with one identifier) on a single network. However, due to the practical limitation of the hardware (transceivers), it can only link up to110 nodes (with 82C250, Philips) on a single network. It offers high-speed communication rate up to 1 Mbits/sec thus allows real-time control. In addition, the error confinement and the error detection feature make it more reliable in noise critical environment.
LInk :- http://hem.bredband.net/stafni/developer/CAN.htm
CAN bus (for controller area network) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.
CAN bus is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications but now also used in other areas such as industrial automation and medical equipment.
Development of CAN bus started originally in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH.[1] The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. Bosch published the CAN 2.0 specification in 1991.
CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the OBD-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus
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Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Controller Area Network (CAN) Part-2](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YBev_MLe65M/mqdefault.jpg)








![TISHITU -3 Microsoft Surface Calibration and application work on table for Restaurant Management
Microsoft Surface History
The earliest ideas that led to Surface originated at Microsoft back in 2001. At that time, researchers envisioned an interactive table that could sense the presence and movement of any objects on its surface. Microsoft founder Bill Gates encouraged the project in early 2003. After 85 prototypes, the project team came up with a design that would eventually become Surface 1.0.
Microsoft first demonstrated Surface at the 2007 All Things Digital (D) conference in Carlsbad, California. During that D conference, known as D5, Surface was far from the first platform making use of touch-screens. Tablet PCs, for example, could already detect a finger or stylus writing directly to the screen. Microsofts vision, though, has been to expand on that touch-screen approach to change the way people interact across the table from each other. The Surface device demonstrated at D5 was a black tabletop with a 30-inch (76.2-centimeter) touch-screen mounted beneath its clear acrylic surface [sources: Mintz, Fost, Microsoft, All Things Digital].
Microsofts first commercial deployment for Surface came nearly a year after this debut. In April 2008, select AT&T retail stores in the U.S. began using Surface computers as a sales tool for showcasing information about its mobile devices. Other corporate partners were in the works throughout 2008, primarily those who could enhance their businesses by using Surface devices and, in turn, show off the wondrous things that Surface could do. At an estimated price of more than $12,000, Microsoft was not targeting the average home consumer during its first Surface release [sources: Microsoft, Microsoft, Foley].
During the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in early January 2011, Microsoft launched its marketing campaign for Surface 2.0. It also promoted its partnership with Samsung to produce the SUR40: a 4-inch (10.2-centimeter) thick tabletop computer with a 40-inch (1-meter) display running the Surface 2.0 platform. Scheduled to hit the market later in 2011, Microsoft reported that the SUR40 would cost about $7,600 in the United States. The price point, combined with the available software for Surface 2.0, seemed to indicate that Microsoft was still targeting the business owner rather than the home consumer [source: Foley].
Thats the brief history of Surface, though there will likely be many more chapters to come for this innovative new tool. Now, lets look under the hood and see what makes Surface more than just a big touch-screen display.
The Surface has implemented its NUI with a combination of hardware and software all packed inside a single device. The Surface 1.0 hardware features a series of cameras that sense a users touch or other objects placed on the tabletop. The Surface software processes the data from those cameras and then responds as appropriate for the application youre currently using. Surface shows the resulting interaction on its display, which is actually a projection of the screen from underneath the tabletop [source: Microsoft].
As part of its NUI, Surface also includes multi-touch technology. This means that Surface can detect and process several touch points simultaneously. Therefore, if you have several people browsing through pictures at one time, they can each drag, zoom and turn photos at the same time without waiting for each other. Multi-touch technology has been in existence for decades, and Apple made it famous by using it in its iPhone and iPod Touch devices. Surface computing brings that technology into a large, collaborative environment that can fully realize the multi-touch potential [source: Buxton].
40-inch (1-meter) LCD screen
4-inch (10.2-centimeter) unit depth/thickness for easier horizontal mounting
2.9 GHz 64-bit AMD Athlon X2 dual core processor
1 GB AMD Radeon HD graphics processor
4 GB DDR3 RAM
320 GB hard drive
Wired (1 GB Ethernet) and wireless (802.11 and Bluetooth) network hardware
Physical connectors include HDMI, stereo RCA, USB and SD card
Embedded 64-bit Windows 7 Professional operating system
Corning Gorilla Glass to protect the surface
Recognition for more than 50 simultaneous touch points
Weve just looked at the Surface hardware and how Microsoft is leading the way for surface computing. As Microsoft is primarily a software company, you might expect that the software part of the Surface platform is also quite innovative. Lets take a look at that on the next page.
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Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- TISHITU -3 Microsoft Surface Calibration and application work on table for Restaurant Management](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/a99qXmJH7go/mqdefault.jpg)