Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Quick Concepts are short videos that describe a key physiological or theoretical concept or demonstrate a brief procedure. This video reviews developmental milestones for children between 15 months and two years old. If you are interested in learning more about this topic, please watch the full video youtu.be/g4HdXxz25pw.
AUTHORS
Holly Hodges, MD
Fellow, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
Boston Children's Hospital
Bianca Shagrin, MD
Instructor of Pediatrics
Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School
DATE
Initial Publication: December 10, 2025.
Please visit: openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open-access, thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support or control any related videos in the sidebar; these are placed by YouTube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
CITATION
Shagrin B, Callas C, McFee A, Fantasia K, Wolbrink TA, Hodges H. Developmental Milestones: 15 Months to 2 Years. 12/2025. youtu.be/bnRbl7Te4b8. From: Shagrin B, Callas C, McFee A, Fantasia K, Wolbrink TA, Hodges H. Developmental Milestones. 12/2018. OPENPediatrics. youtu.be/g4HdXxz25pw.
Quick Concepts are short videos that describe a key physiological or theoretical concept or demonstrate a brief procedure. This video reviews developmental milestones for children between 15 months and two years old. If you are interested in learning more about this topic, please watch the full video youtu.be/g4HdXxz25pw.
AUTHORS
Holly Hodges, MD
Fellow, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
Boston Children's Hospital
Bianca Shagrin, MD
Instructor of Pediatrics
Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School
DATE
Initial Publication: December 10, 2025.
Please visit: openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Children's Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open-access, thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support or control any related videos in the sidebar; these are placed by YouTube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
CITATION
Shagrin B, Callas C, McFee A, Fantasia K, Wolbrink TA, Hodges H. Developmental Milestones: 15 Months to 2 Years. 12/2025. youtu.be/bnRbl7Te4b8. From: Shagrin B, Callas C, McFee A, Fantasia K, Wolbrink TA, Hodges H. Developmental Milestones. 12/2018. OPENPediatrics. youtu.be/g4HdXxz25pw.










![Less is More: Oxygenation Targets in Critically Ill Children by M. Peters | OPENPediatrics
In this World Shared Practice Forum podcast, Dr. Mark Peters discusses the Oxy-PICU trial, published in The Lancet in January 2024, which compared conservative to liberal oxygenation targets in critically ill children. The study highlighted the importance of pragmatic trial design and the need for larger trials to confirm these findings.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
-Discuss the background driving the investigation of oxygenation in critically ill children
-Summarize the study design of the Oxy-PICU Trial
-Present the outcomes and challenges of the Oxy-PICU Trial
-Identify the key characteristics of pragmatic trial design and the implication of pragmatic trial results
AUTHORS
Mark Peters, MBChB, MRCP, FFICM, FRCPCH, PhD
Professor of Paediatric Intensive Care
NIHR Senior Investigator
UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health
Hon. Consultant Paediatric Intensivist
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and
Children’s Acute Transport Service
Great Ormond St Hospital
Jeffrey Burns, MD, MPH
Emeritus Chief
Division of Critical Care Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
Boston Childrens Hospital
Professor of Anesthesia
Harvard Medical School
DATE
Initial publication date: November 26, 2024.
ARTICLES REFERENCED AND ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Peters MJ, Gould DW, Ray S, et al. Conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in critically ill children (Oxy-PICU): a UK multicentre, open, parallel-group, randomised clinical trial [published correction appears in Lancet. 2024 Jan 27;403(10424):354. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00100-4]. Lancet. 2024;403(10424):355-364. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38048787/
Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [published correction appears in Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun 1;195(11):1540. doi: 10.1164/rccm.19511erratum]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(9):1253-1263. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459336/
Peters MJ, Ramnarayan P. Randomized Trials to Reduce Clinical Uncertainty: Gold Standard or Fools Gold?. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2024;25(8):775-777. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39101806/
Darnell R, Brown A, Laing E, et al. Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate a Permissive Blood Pressure Target Versus Usual Care in Critically Ill Children with Hypotension (PRESSURE). Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2024;25(7):629-637. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38629915/
Taccone FS, Rynkowski Bittencourt C, Møller K, et al. Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA.Published online October 09, 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39382241/
Jones GAL, Eaton S, Orford M, et al. Randomization to a Liberal Versus Conservative Oxygenation Target: Redox Responses in Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2023;24(3):e137-e146. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728001/
UK-ROX: https://www.icnarc.org/research-studies/uk-rox/
MegaROX: https://www.anzics.org/current-active-endorsed-research/mega-rox/
ICU-ROX: https://www.thebottomline.org.uk/summaries/icm/icu-rox/
TRANSCRIPT
https://cdn.bfldr.com/D6LGWP8S/as/rq7kgwqkh4hk4nk67584pfj/202411 WSP Less_is_more_Oxygenation_Targets_in_Critically_Ill_Children Transcript?position=2
Please visit: www.openpediatrics.org
OPENPediatrics™ is an interactive digital learning platform for healthcare clinicians sponsored by Boston Childrens Hospital and in collaboration with the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. It is designed to promote the exchange of knowledge between healthcare providers around the world caring for critically ill children in all resource settings. The content includes internationally recognized experts teaching the full range of topics on the care of critically ill children. All content is peer-reviewed and open-access, thus at no expense to the user.
For further information on how to enroll, please email: openpediatrics@childrens.harvard.edu
Please note: OPENPediatrics does not support or control any related videos in the sidebar; these are placed by YouTube. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
CITATION
Peters MJ, Burns JP. Less is More: Oxygenation Targets in Critically Ill Children. 11/2024. OPENPediatrics. Online Podcast: https://youtu.be/f7h2zyNFM0o. Less is More: Oxygenation Targets in Critically Ill Children by M. Peters | OPENPediatrics](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/f7h2zyNFM0o/mqdefault.jpg)