Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
The evolution of instruction set architectures (ISAs) and companies in the CPU marketplace.
If you like this ExplainingComputers episode, you may also be interested in some of my RISC-V content, including:
“RISC-V 2025 Update”: youtube.com/watch?v=9s8hPmCZ0mk and
“Why RISC-V Matters”: youtube.com/watch?v=4TmHSsIU1ns
And you can find all of my RISC-V videos here: explainingcomputers.com/riscv_videos.html
REFERENCES (in order of presentation/citation):
Forbes article on the Hetrogeneous CPU Era, by Jim McGregor for Tirias Research: forbes.com/sites/tiriasresearch/2025/11/07/the-isa-wars-have-ended-and-the-heterogeneous-cpu-era-has-arrived
Apple to use x86 processors, press release:
apple.com/uk/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006
One billion mobiles sold in 2006: zdnet.com/article/one-billion-mobiles-sold-in-2006
Apple iPhone press release: apple.com/uk/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone
Intel Foundry Services:
intel.com/content/www/us/en/foundry/overview.html
TSMC: tsmc.com/english/dedicatedFoundry/manufacturing
Apple M5 press release: apple.com/uk/newsroom/2025/10/apple-unleashes-m5-the-next-big-leap-in-ai-performance-for-apple-silicon
Copilot+ PCs introduced: blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2024/05/20/introducing-copilot-pcs
RISC-V 25 per cent market penetration: riscv.org/blog/risc-v-international-to-announce-25-market-penetration -
GlobalFoundries opens: mubadala.com/en/news/press-releases-globalfoundries-worlds-first-global-semiconductor-foundry-company-opens-business
Arm company information: arm.com/company
Arm reported to sell its own processors: fool.com/investing/2025/11/10/arm-beats-estimates-but-its-new-plan-to-build-chip
ARM reaches 25% of server marketplace, driven by NVIDIA Grace-Blackwell servers: theregister.com/2025/09/11/nvidias_graceblackwell_drives_arms_cpu
ARM Neoverse compute subsystems: arm.com/products/neoverse-compute-subsystems
AWS Graviton: aws.amazon.com/ec2/graviton
Graviton 4 available, including history: aboutamazon.com/news/aws/graviton4-aws-cloud-computing-chip
Google Axion Arm CPUs introduced: cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/introducing-googles-new-arm-based-cpu
Google Axion processors: cloud.google.com/products/axion
Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 announcement:
techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azurecompute/announcing-the-preview-of-new-azure-vms-based-on-the-azure-cobalt-100-processor/4146353
Microsoft Azure Cobalt 200 announcement: techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azureinfrastructureblog/announcing-cobalt-200-azure%E2%80%99s-next-cloud-native-cpu/4469807
NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 AI server: nvidia.com/en-gb/data-center/gb300-nvl72
NVIDIA GRACE CPU announcement: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-announces-cpu-for-giant-ai-and-high-performance-computing-workloads
NVIDIA Grace CPU: blogs.nvidia.com/blog/grace-cpu-c1
NVIDIA Grace Superchip: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-introduces-grace-cpu-superchip
NVIDIA Intel investment: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-and-intel-to-develop-ai-infrastructure-and-personal-computing-products
US Government Intel investment: intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1748/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement-to
Samsung Foundry: semiconductor.samsung.com/foundry
AMD x86 market share, November 2025: tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/amd-continues-to-chip-away-at-intels-x86-market-share-company-now-sells-over-25-percent-of-all-x86-chips-and-powers-33-percent-of-all-desktop-systems
Arm chips for Meta: reuters.com/technology/arm-secures-meta-first-customer-ambitious-new-chip-project-ft-reports-2025-02-13
Meta Arm partnership: newsroom.arm.com/news/arm-meta-strategic-partnership
NVIDIA $5 trillion: reuters.com/business/nvidia-poised-record-5-trillion-market-valuation-2025-10-29
More videos on computing and related topics can be found at:
youtube.com/@ExplainingComputers
And more videos on film and other making, plus retro tech, can be found on my Christopher Barnatt channel: youtube.com/@ChristopherBarnatt
Chapters:
00:00 Titles & Intro
01:22 The Intel Age
03:49 Beyond the Fab
07:01 CPU Market Segments
08:48 The Arm Cloud
12:09 The Future
#Intel #Arm #NVIDIA #x86 #AMD #Microsoft #AWS #Google #RISC-V #ExplainingComputers
The evolution of instruction set architectures (ISAs) and companies in the CPU marketplace.
If you like this ExplainingComputers episode, you may also be interested in some of my RISC-V content, including:
“RISC-V 2025 Update”: youtube.com/watch?v=9s8hPmCZ0mk and
“Why RISC-V Matters”: youtube.com/watch?v=4TmHSsIU1ns
And you can find all of my RISC-V videos here: explainingcomputers.com/riscv_videos.html
REFERENCES (in order of presentation/citation):
Forbes article on the Hetrogeneous CPU Era, by Jim McGregor for Tirias Research: forbes.com/sites/tiriasresearch/2025/11/07/the-isa-wars-have-ended-and-the-heterogeneous-cpu-era-has-arrived
Apple to use x86 processors, press release:
apple.com/uk/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006
One billion mobiles sold in 2006: zdnet.com/article/one-billion-mobiles-sold-in-2006
Apple iPhone press release: apple.com/uk/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone
Intel Foundry Services:
intel.com/content/www/us/en/foundry/overview.html
TSMC: tsmc.com/english/dedicatedFoundry/manufacturing
Apple M5 press release: apple.com/uk/newsroom/2025/10/apple-unleashes-m5-the-next-big-leap-in-ai-performance-for-apple-silicon
Copilot+ PCs introduced: blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2024/05/20/introducing-copilot-pcs
RISC-V 25 per cent market penetration: riscv.org/blog/risc-v-international-to-announce-25-market-penetration -
GlobalFoundries opens: mubadala.com/en/news/press-releases-globalfoundries-worlds-first-global-semiconductor-foundry-company-opens-business
Arm company information: arm.com/company
Arm reported to sell its own processors: fool.com/investing/2025/11/10/arm-beats-estimates-but-its-new-plan-to-build-chip
ARM reaches 25% of server marketplace, driven by NVIDIA Grace-Blackwell servers: theregister.com/2025/09/11/nvidias_graceblackwell_drives_arms_cpu
ARM Neoverse compute subsystems: arm.com/products/neoverse-compute-subsystems
AWS Graviton: aws.amazon.com/ec2/graviton
Graviton 4 available, including history: aboutamazon.com/news/aws/graviton4-aws-cloud-computing-chip
Google Axion Arm CPUs introduced: cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute/introducing-googles-new-arm-based-cpu
Google Axion processors: cloud.google.com/products/axion
Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 announcement:
techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azurecompute/announcing-the-preview-of-new-azure-vms-based-on-the-azure-cobalt-100-processor/4146353
Microsoft Azure Cobalt 200 announcement: techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/azureinfrastructureblog/announcing-cobalt-200-azure%E2%80%99s-next-cloud-native-cpu/4469807
NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 AI server: nvidia.com/en-gb/data-center/gb300-nvl72
NVIDIA GRACE CPU announcement: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-announces-cpu-for-giant-ai-and-high-performance-computing-workloads
NVIDIA Grace CPU: blogs.nvidia.com/blog/grace-cpu-c1
NVIDIA Grace Superchip: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-introduces-grace-cpu-superchip
NVIDIA Intel investment: nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-and-intel-to-develop-ai-infrastructure-and-personal-computing-products
US Government Intel investment: intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1748/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement-to
Samsung Foundry: semiconductor.samsung.com/foundry
AMD x86 market share, November 2025: tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/amd-continues-to-chip-away-at-intels-x86-market-share-company-now-sells-over-25-percent-of-all-x86-chips-and-powers-33-percent-of-all-desktop-systems
Arm chips for Meta: reuters.com/technology/arm-secures-meta-first-customer-ambitious-new-chip-project-ft-reports-2025-02-13
Meta Arm partnership: newsroom.arm.com/news/arm-meta-strategic-partnership
NVIDIA $5 trillion: reuters.com/business/nvidia-poised-record-5-trillion-market-valuation-2025-10-29
More videos on computing and related topics can be found at:
youtube.com/@ExplainingComputers
And more videos on film and other making, plus retro tech, can be found on my Christopher Barnatt channel: youtube.com/@ChristopherBarnatt
Chapters:
00:00 Titles & Intro
01:22 The Intel Age
03:49 Beyond the Fab
07:01 CPU Market Segments
08:48 The Arm Cloud
12:09 The Future
#Intel #Arm #NVIDIA #x86 #AMD #Microsoft #AWS #Google #RISC-V #ExplainingComputers
