Uploaded June 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
โญ๏ธ ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ฃ๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ช๐จ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐
patreon.com/socratica
Covariance measures how two variables move together: whether they rise and fall in sync or move in opposite directions. In this video, we build intuition for what covariance means, walk through the formula step by step, and calculate it by hand with a simple example. We also explore how covariance plays a role in finance, physics, machine learning, and data analysis. This is a foundation you'll need before learning about correlation and multivariate analysis.
โถ๏ธ ๐๐ผ๐๐พ๐ ๐๐๐๐:
Normal Distributions
youtu.be/xlxaa9YhT6A
๐ฝ๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ ๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐ค๐ฃ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ค๐ฃ:
patreon.com/socratica
๐ ๐๐ ๐ง๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (affiliate links):
The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives by Leonard Mlodinow
amzn.to/4j9n0YP
The Art of Statistics: How to Learn from Data by David Spiegelhalter
amzn.to/3S9E46a
How to Be a Great Student (by Socratica!)
ebook: amzn.to/2Lh3XSP
paperback: amzn.to/3t5jeH3
๐ฌ ๐พ๐๐๐ฟ๐๐๐:
Written & Produced by: Michael Harrison & Kimberly Hatch Harrison
Edited by: Alivia Brown
๐ ๐ผ๐ฝ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐พ๐๐๐๐:
Michael earned his BS in Math from Caltech, and did his graduate work in Math at UC Berkeley and University of Washington, specializing in Number Theory. A self-taught programmer, Michael taught both Math and Computer Programming at the college level. He applied this knowledge as a financial analyst (quant) and as a programmer at Google.
Kimberly earned her BS in Biology and another BS in English at Caltech. She did her graduate work in Molecular Biology at Princeton, specializing in Immunology and Neurobiology. Kimberly spent 16+ years as a research scientist and a dozen years as a biology and chemistry instructor.
Michael and Kimberly Harrison co-founded Socratica.
Their mission? To create the education of the future.
Ready to ๐ง ๐๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ with Socratica?
๐บ ๐๐ช๐๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ for SMART videos in Math, Science & Programming:
bit.ly/SocraticaSubscribe
โถ๏ธ ๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐๐:
Study Tips bit.ly/StudyTipsPlaylist
Python bit.ly/PythonSocratica
Chemistry bit.ly/Chemistry_Playlist
Calculus bit.ly/CalculusSocratica
Geometry bit.ly/GeometrySocratica
#covariance #math #statistics
โญ๏ธ ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ฃ๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ช๐จ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐
patreon.com/socratica
Covariance measures how two variables move together: whether they rise and fall in sync or move in opposite directions. In this video, we build intuition for what covariance means, walk through the formula step by step, and calculate it by hand with a simple example. We also explore how covariance plays a role in finance, physics, machine learning, and data analysis. This is a foundation you'll need before learning about correlation and multivariate analysis.
โถ๏ธ ๐๐ผ๐๐พ๐ ๐๐๐๐:
Normal Distributions
youtu.be/xlxaa9YhT6A
๐ฝ๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ ๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐ค๐ฃ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ค๐ฃ:
patreon.com/socratica
๐ ๐๐ ๐ง๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (affiliate links):
The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives by Leonard Mlodinow
amzn.to/4j9n0YP
The Art of Statistics: How to Learn from Data by David Spiegelhalter
amzn.to/3S9E46a
How to Be a Great Student (by Socratica!)
ebook: amzn.to/2Lh3XSP
paperback: amzn.to/3t5jeH3
๐ฌ ๐พ๐๐๐ฟ๐๐๐:
Written & Produced by: Michael Harrison & Kimberly Hatch Harrison
Edited by: Alivia Brown
๐ ๐ผ๐ฝ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐พ๐๐๐๐:
Michael earned his BS in Math from Caltech, and did his graduate work in Math at UC Berkeley and University of Washington, specializing in Number Theory. A self-taught programmer, Michael taught both Math and Computer Programming at the college level. He applied this knowledge as a financial analyst (quant) and as a programmer at Google.
Kimberly earned her BS in Biology and another BS in English at Caltech. She did her graduate work in Molecular Biology at Princeton, specializing in Immunology and Neurobiology. Kimberly spent 16+ years as a research scientist and a dozen years as a biology and chemistry instructor.
Michael and Kimberly Harrison co-founded Socratica.
Their mission? To create the education of the future.
Ready to ๐ง ๐๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ with Socratica?
๐บ ๐๐ช๐๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐ for SMART videos in Math, Science & Programming:
bit.ly/SocraticaSubscribe
โถ๏ธ ๐๐๐ผ๐๐๐๐๐๐:
Study Tips bit.ly/StudyTipsPlaylist
Python bit.ly/PythonSocratica
Chemistry bit.ly/Chemistry_Playlist
Calculus bit.ly/CalculusSocratica
Geometry bit.ly/GeometrySocratica
#covariance #math #statistics




![Ideals in Ring Theory (Abstract Algebra)
An ideal of a ring is the similar to a normal subgroup of a group. Using an ideal, you can partition a ring into cosets, and these cosets form a new ring - a factor ring. (Also called a quotient ring.)
After reviewing normal subgroups, we will show you *why* the definition of an ideal is the simplest one that allows you to create factor rings.
As an example, we will look at an ideal of the ring Z[x], the ring of polynomials with integer coefficients.
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This video was made possible by our VIP Patrons on Patreon!
Thank you for supporting our work this year. Because of you, we are able to continue making the highest quality math videos, free for the world.
Our amazingly generous Patrons include Tracy Karin Prell, Carlos Araujo, Markie Waid, Martin Stephens, David Borger, Burhan Saifaddin, MdeG, Michael, Umar Khan, John Krawiec, Patrick Cool, Tim Tapio, Deeptanshu Malik, Kevin B, Terrill Frantz, Charles Southerland, Andre Gibbs, and Ahmed Sakr.
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We recommend the following textbooks:
Dummit & Foote, Abstract Algebra 3rd Edition
http://amzn.to/2oOBd5S
Milne, Algebra Course Notes (available free online)
http://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNote...
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Connect with us!
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Teachingโ โAssistant:โ โโ โLilianaโ โdeโ โCastro
Writtenโ โ&โ โDirectedโ โbyโ โMichaelโ โHarrison
Producedโ โbyโ โKimberlyโ โHatchโ โHarrison
#AbstractAlgebra #Math #Maths
โฆโฆโฆโฆโฆโฆโฆโฆโฆโฆ Ideals in Ring Theory (Abstract Algebra)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F0wA0xLZSQ8/mqdefault.jpg)





