Uploaded March 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 hours ago
Epidemics and pandemics due to infectious agents, be viruses or bacteria, are still a major threat for public health. Following up on the HIV epidemics, we have experienced Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and of course SARS CoV1 and SARS Cov2 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is not completely over, and we know that there will be other epidemics and pandemics (the USA as an example, is experiencing a severe burst of measles). Resistance to antibiotics has also emerged as a major concern.
Microbiomes, these huge populations of bacteria which are present in all of us in the gut, the skin and many tissues have been now well recognized to be major drivers of human health and there is plenty of evidence showing its role in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer and other medical conditions. In addition, the composition of the microbiomes has a very significant impact on the sensitivity to infectious diseases as well as vaccine efficacy. Importantly, it is possible to intervene on these microbiomes through pro-pre-postbiotics as well as transplantation of intestinal microbiota. Some of these molecules not only act on the gut microbiota but show systemic effects (tissue repair, anti-inflammatory) which can offer novel treatments to diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
This lecture will describe how viral infections and microbiomes are entangled and what can be the impact for treating both infectious diseases and chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
Christian Bréchot, MD, PhD, is Professor in the Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Senior Associate Dean for Research in Global Affairs, and Associate Vice President for International Partnerships and Innovation in the USF Morsani College of Medicine. He is the former President of the Institut Pasteur and French NIH, as well as Vice-President of the Institut Merieux (a holding of several companies). Since 2017, Dr. Bréchot has also served as President and now vice-chair of the Global Virus Network, a network of 98 research centers worldwide, headquartered at USF. Dr Brechot has entrepreneurial activities, being the founder and chairman of The Healthy Aging Company and the Chief Medical Officer of Theravectys. He is part of 12 patents and members of several boards, including the French American Business Council of West Florida (FRAMCO).
This lecture is part of the IHMC Evening Lecture series.
ihmc.us/life/evening_lectures
Epidemics and pandemics due to infectious agents, be viruses or bacteria, are still a major threat for public health. Following up on the HIV epidemics, we have experienced Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and of course SARS CoV1 and SARS Cov2 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is not completely over, and we know that there will be other epidemics and pandemics (the USA as an example, is experiencing a severe burst of measles). Resistance to antibiotics has also emerged as a major concern.
Microbiomes, these huge populations of bacteria which are present in all of us in the gut, the skin and many tissues have been now well recognized to be major drivers of human health and there is plenty of evidence showing its role in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer and other medical conditions. In addition, the composition of the microbiomes has a very significant impact on the sensitivity to infectious diseases as well as vaccine efficacy. Importantly, it is possible to intervene on these microbiomes through pro-pre-postbiotics as well as transplantation of intestinal microbiota. Some of these molecules not only act on the gut microbiota but show systemic effects (tissue repair, anti-inflammatory) which can offer novel treatments to diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
This lecture will describe how viral infections and microbiomes are entangled and what can be the impact for treating both infectious diseases and chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
Christian Bréchot, MD, PhD, is Professor in the Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Senior Associate Dean for Research in Global Affairs, and Associate Vice President for International Partnerships and Innovation in the USF Morsani College of Medicine. He is the former President of the Institut Pasteur and French NIH, as well as Vice-President of the Institut Merieux (a holding of several companies). Since 2017, Dr. Bréchot has also served as President and now vice-chair of the Global Virus Network, a network of 98 research centers worldwide, headquartered at USF. Dr Brechot has entrepreneurial activities, being the founder and chairman of The Healthy Aging Company and the Chief Medical Officer of Theravectys. He is part of 12 patents and members of several boards, including the French American Business Council of West Florida (FRAMCO).
This lecture is part of the IHMC Evening Lecture series.
ihmc.us/life/evening_lectures



![Episode 193: Tommy Wood and his new book bust the belief that the adult brain is fixed
Today we have Dr. Tommy Wood, a neuroscientist and frequent STEM-Talk guest who joins today on the eve of the publication of his first book, “The Stimulated Mind: Future-Proof Your Brain from Dementia and Stay Sharp at Any Age.” (https://www.amazon.com/Stimulated-Mind-Future-Proof-Brain-Dementia-ebook/dp/B0FFGBQC7D/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.cjFMDZOijlhN4WmOnqYGhZwa3eCd_OypkejnAiJavA4.QaOaqMzvyJoa-o4fgmxvsWn8XraPovMRJQmPp4s_Jo0&qid=1773859590&sr=8-1)
Tommy is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neuroscience at the University of Washington, where his laboratory focuses on brain health across human lifespan. Tommy is a colleague and good friend who also is a Visiting Research Scientist here at IHMC.
Today we talk to Tommy about his mission to dispel the myth that the brain is doomed to decline with age. His book, which publishes on March 24 but is available for pre-order on Amazon, offers science-backed strategies to enhance mental sharpness and prevent cognitive decline, including Alzheimer’s disease.
There was so much to unpack with Tommy about his book, that we decided to split his interview into two parts. Today we talk to Tommy about the history of neuroscience and how researchers go about studying the brain. We also have a conversation with Tommy about what is holding us back in terms of addressing an ever-increasing burden of cognitive and mental health disorders we are experiencing not only here in the U.S., but also around the world. In part two of Tommy’ interview, which will air in a few weeks following today’s episode, Tommy shares science-backed strategies to help people future-proof their brains.
Tommy’s lab at the University of Washington focuses on brain health across the lifespan. He conducts research that focuses on ways to treat a range of brain injuries, including babies born preterm and adults who experience brain trauma. He also investigates lifestyle factors that affect long-term cognitive function and increase the risk of dementia.
Tommy has a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry from the University of Cambridge, a medical degree from the University of Oxford, and a Ph.D. in Physiology and Neuroscience from the University of Oslo.
Show notes:
[00:04:04] Dawn opens our interview congratulating Tommy on his new book, “The Stimulated Mind.” Dawn asks Tommy what inspired him to write his first book.
[00:07:29] Since writing the book consumed more than 18 months of Tommy’s life, Dawn asks Tommy if he thinks he’ll write another one.
[00:09:36] Dawn asks if it’s fair to say that the overarching theme of “The Stimulated Mind” is that the conventional belief the adult brain is fixed and incapable of change is wrong.
[00:17:35] Ken explains that Tommy opens his book with a story about a study on barn owls, where researchers outfitted a group of owls with prism goggles that altered the perceived position of objects in the owls’ vision. While young owls were able to quickly adapt to the change in their vision and return to normal behavior and activities, adult owls, even after months of wearing the goggles, were unable to adapt and would miss mice that were directly under their beaks. However, the research group amended their study design and found something interesting. Ken asks Tommy to explain what they found when they amended their design.
[00:22:40] Ken asks Tommy to share how a human study, which outfitted participants with goggles that flipped their vision upside down, demonstrated the adaptability of the adult brain.
[00:25:32] Ken asks if these sorts of adaptations have been seen as beyond basic sensory modalities in higher cognitive functions.
[00:31:25] Dawn zooms out in our discussion and asks Tommy, given the falsehood of our previous understanding of the adult brain as being fixed, what exactly do we know about the brain.
[00:35:36] Dawn asks Tommy to talk about Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who is considered the first neuroscientist.
[00:38:41] Dawn mentions chapter two of Tommy’s book, “How do Neuroscientists Study the Brain,” in which Tommy explains the complexity of the brain, which is comprised of almost 100 billion neurons which compose nearly a quadrillion synapses. Given the complexity of the brain, Tommy notes in his book that even an organ as complex as the human brain is incapable of fully comprehending its own complexity. Dawn asks Tommy to talk about how he and his colleagues approach studying the brain.
[00:43:30] Ken notes the parallels between attempting to understand the function of the brain based on an understanding of its individual components to the process of trying to understand how a piece of software works on a computer by systematically studying the computer’s hardware. Ken goes on to start a discussion on the parallels between the brain as a self-referential system that is so complex it cannot even fully understand itself, to various paradoxes as well as Gödel’s theorem, wh... Episode 193: Tommy Wood and his new book bust the belief that the adult brain is fixed](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EIKaeOgKYsM/mqdefault.jpg)






