Uploaded May 2021 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
O'Rourke, S., Austen, S., and Wakeland, E. (2021). "Deaf people within the justice system: Insights from the United Kingdom. In D. Guthmann, G. I. Lomas, D. Goff Paris, & G. A. Martin (Eds.), DEAF PEOPLE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (pp. 115-130). Gallaudet University Press. https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/Books/D/Deaf-People-in-the-Criminal-Justice-System
This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the signer and the chapter author.
Transcript:
Chapter 6, “Deaf People Within the Justice System: Insights From the United Kingdom”, Susan O’Rourke, Sally Austen, and Elizabeth Wakeland
Based in the United Kingdom, Dr. Sue O’Rourke is a consultant clinical psychologist who has worked mainly in deaf forensic services and provides psychological reports to the courts in a variety of cases involving deaf people. Dr. Sally Austen is a consultant clinical psychologist, who works with sign language users who have severe and enduring mental health problems or cognitive impairment. Dr. Elizabeth Wakeland is a clinical and forensic psychologist who has previously worked within deaf services, including forensic services, with sign language users who have enduring mental health problems.
In this chapter, the authors review the literature around deaf people within the Criminal Justice System. They consider the prevalence of offending behaviors within people from deaf communities and both risk and protective factors that may apply.
The authors also explore at length how the Appraisal Model of Behavior is a useful tool from which to think about the bio-psycho-social factors that may influence a deaf person’s offending behavior. In this chapter, we also focus on the journey that deaf offenders make from arrest through the court and then prison services.
Within the chapter, the authors highlight how the lack of understanding at all levels of service provision can have a negative impact in terms of discriminatory practice.
Finally, they consider desistance and how the generic research may or may not be applicable to the deaf community. The authors highlight how the lack of access and discrimination needs to be addressed in order to improve the system for deaf people.
O'Rourke, S., Austen, S., and Wakeland, E. (2021). "Deaf people within the justice system: Insights from the United Kingdom. In D. Guthmann, G. I. Lomas, D. Goff Paris, & G. A. Martin (Eds.), DEAF PEOPLE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (pp. 115-130). Gallaudet University Press. https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/Books/D/Deaf-People-in-the-Criminal-Justice-System
This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the signer and the chapter author.
Transcript:
Chapter 6, “Deaf People Within the Justice System: Insights From the United Kingdom”, Susan O’Rourke, Sally Austen, and Elizabeth Wakeland
Based in the United Kingdom, Dr. Sue O’Rourke is a consultant clinical psychologist who has worked mainly in deaf forensic services and provides psychological reports to the courts in a variety of cases involving deaf people. Dr. Sally Austen is a consultant clinical psychologist, who works with sign language users who have severe and enduring mental health problems or cognitive impairment. Dr. Elizabeth Wakeland is a clinical and forensic psychologist who has previously worked within deaf services, including forensic services, with sign language users who have enduring mental health problems.
In this chapter, the authors review the literature around deaf people within the Criminal Justice System. They consider the prevalence of offending behaviors within people from deaf communities and both risk and protective factors that may apply.
The authors also explore at length how the Appraisal Model of Behavior is a useful tool from which to think about the bio-psycho-social factors that may influence a deaf person’s offending behavior. In this chapter, we also focus on the journey that deaf offenders make from arrest through the court and then prison services.
Within the chapter, the authors highlight how the lack of understanding at all levels of service provision can have a negative impact in terms of discriminatory practice.
Finally, they consider desistance and how the generic research may or may not be applicable to the deaf community. The authors highlight how the lack of access and discrimination needs to be addressed in order to improve the system for deaf people.






![Gina Oliva Vlog - Part 1
Gina Oliva announces the twentieth anniversary edition of her classic book, Alone in the Mainstream. In this vlog, she describes the importance of the book and offers simple suggestions for parents and professionals on how to improve the lives of deaf and hard of hearing children.
Alone in the Mainstream: Looking Back on Public School as a Deaf or Hard of Hearing Child is now available from Gallaudet University Press at
https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/Books/A/Alone-in-the-Mainstream
Visual description: A white woman with short white/gray hair, wearing a grey sweater over a black camisole is sitting in front of a greyish/green wall with a brass wall clock behind her.
***This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the author.***
Transcript:
Hello everyone. It’s nice to share some good news. Good news for me and maybe for you, we’ll see!
So, twenty years ago, this book was published. Now, here is the new version, take a look. Wow, and look at the subtitle.
It’s great that Gallaudet Press contacted me and asked if I wanted to do a 20th anniversary edition of that book. I was surprised and like “well, ok … would it involve a lot of work (hope not!). What do I have to do?”
We had some good discussions and were able to agree so things worked out.
A really important point is the change in the subtitle to really show that this book itself is not only my own story. Yes, I am a “character” in the book, the main character (so to speak).
But sixty adults, who themselves grew up as “the only one,” wrote emails and essays sharing with me their experiences and feelings in retrospect. Those sixty people wrote four essays each, which I analyzed for common themes. So the book, as such, is research-based.
So anyway, I decided to accept GUP’s offer and proceed with that.
Now, from another perspective, the book is apparently needed again twenty years later. It means there is still a lot of work to do to improve and make life better for those kids—the deaf and hard of hearing kids that you care about.
So I would like to offer a few simple suggestions. Simple but important suggestions for you as you read and go forward with your life work or as a parent of a deaf child.
So here they are: first, of course, you have to focus on your own child—your own child or the ones you work with in school, or you work with in audiology, but you do have to focus on that kid, on how to improve that kid’s life. That’s your job.
Secondly, that kid is “the only one” and you are “the only one,” but there are many people like you all over the world. The world is full of deaf solitaires (one here, one there, one there, and so on). So it’s important to work with, collaborate, support each other and work to improve the entire system. That system results in language deprivation and social deprivation.
[I’m using the sign-concept of “restricted” or “limited” to indicate or add to the understanding of the concepts of language and social deprivation.]
Those are the facts of public school life, and it’s hard to reduce those problems. They must be fixed at the state level. Gina Oliva Vlog - Part 1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/az1_31R3Cj4/mqdefault.jpg)



