Imperial War Museums
How Argentina was defeated in their own backyard | Falklands Land Battle
updated
Following the Second World War, and later into the Vietnam War, a new concept of aerial warfare was developed – the Suppression of Enemy Air Defences. SEAD would see the integration of technologically advanced systems to destroy the enemy’s ability to defend itself from the air.
In this video, Robert Rumble takes a look at two pivotal conflicts of the 20th Century, and how they were key in the development and evolution of SEAD.
See these aircraft up close. Plan your visit to IWM Duxford:
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In this episode of Duxford in Depth, IWM Project curator Robert Rumble dives into the history of the jet engine. Who led the British and German effort? What challenges did they overcome? And who really won the jet race?
*Note* - The engine diagram shown at 4:33 is an axial flow turboshaft engine, not a turbojet engine.
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/4578
How has conflict has driven innovation in science and technology?: iwm.org.uk/research/research-projects/lloyds-register-foundation
Find out more about the Gloster Meteor: iwm.org.uk/history/gloster-meteor-the-only-allied-jet-fighter-of-the-second-world-war
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Thumbnail image credits:
Gloster Meteor T7 by Ronnie Macdonald / CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
Me 262 replica at Airpower11 MatthiasKabel / CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Creative Commons attributions:
Strahlflugzeug Heinkel He 178 by Bundesarchiv, Bild 141-2505 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Centrifugal Turbojet diagram original design by Emoscopes, Vectorization by Tachymètre / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Axial Turbojet diagram original design by Emoscopes, Vectorization byMilu92 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
He 162 underground production by Bundesarchiv, Bild 141-2737 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Get to grips with the stories behind the headlines and feel empowered to understand how we can better prevent, resolve and redress global conflicts. This April, Sands will explore topics of justice, international law, human rights and conflict resolution in a year when tensions are flaring up around the world. We’ll consider conflicts including Ukraine, Sudan and Israel-Gaza.
The IWM Institute Annual Lecture series invites the world’s prominent speakers to find solutions to the most pressing conflict-related issues of today. Previous speakers include former UK foreign secretary David Miliband and celebrated historian Professor Margaret MacMillan.
Find out more about the IWM Institute: iwm.org.uk/iwm-institute
But this pivotal moment was a product of more than chance. It was the culmination of decisions made not only in the heat of battle but in the preceding weeks and months. To truly grasp the significance of this critical juncture and how it happened, we have to go right back to the beginning of the pacific war.
In this video, IWM curator Adrian Kerrison examines the timeline of events that lead to the Battle of Midway and the crucial decisions that doomed the Japanese to defeat.
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/4508
A short history of the Pacific War: iwm.org.uk/history/a-short-history-of-the-war-in-the-pacific-during-the-second-world-war
What happened at Pearl Harbor?: iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-at-pearl-harbor
A guide to Japan's role in WW2: iwm.org.uk/history/a-quick-guide-to-japans-role-in-the-second-world-war
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In this video, we'll be taking an in-depth look at the Italian campaign. We'll explore the key moments and decisions that shaped the fighting and try to understand was it really worth it?
This video is a supercut of a three part series previously posted to this channel.
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3517 and film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3540
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Base map by freevectormaps.co
Archive photos Wikimedia commons courtesy of:
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-316-1195-07 / Demmer / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-579-1965-04A / Appe [Arppe] / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-J15752 / Biedermann / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-579-1957-19 / Girik / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-567-1503B-09 / Toni Schneiders / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-578-1931-03A / Haas / CC-BY-SA 3.0
So, what problems do Ukrainian medics face on the frontline? How are they tackling them? And what lessons should Western medics learn from the war in Ukraine?
To find out, we spoke to two volunteer medics from the Ukrainian Hospitallers Medical Battalion, Brandon Mitchell and Iryna Knyzhnyk. They shared their experiences on the frontlines of the War in Ukraine.
Creative Commons Attributions:
Russian footage by Mil.ru - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ukrainian footage by armyinform.com.ua - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Destructions in Selydove after missile attack by National Police of Ukraine - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PMN-4 anti-personnel landmines in Sumy Oblast by National Police of Ukraine - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
War map based on ISW Interactive: storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/36a7f6a6f5a9448496de641cf64bd375
Key sources:
economist.com/international/2023/08/04/what-ukraines-bloody-battlefield-is-teaching-medics
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10344429
theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/20/revealed-how-russia-deliberately-targeted-kherson-hospitals
cnn.com/2023/02/21/europe/report-hospital-ukraine-attacks-russia-invasion-intl-dg/index.html
rubryka.com/en/article/yak-obraty-turniket
The date was the 31st May 1916. A trap had been set by the Germans.
Just off the coast of Jutland in Denmark, the largest nautical battle of the First World War was about to take place. The battle, involving 100,000 men and 250 ships, would last close to 2 days.
But who threw the first punch? And did Britain actually win the fight?
Find out more:
How codebreaking developed during the First World War: youtu.be/5QHcS29d0H4?si=sd1sWyJg5YIx-5LN
More about Jack Cornwall: Jack Cornwell And The HMS Chester Gun | Imperial War Museums (iwm.org.uk)
Boy (1st Class) John ‘Jack’ Travers Cornwell VC | Imperial War Museums (iwm.org.uk)
More about the Battle of Jutland: Battle of Jutland Timeline | Imperial War Museums (iwm.org.uk)
How did the First World War start? youtu.be/c7nUDLKKEBY?si=en2TwFfFr71HDZlR
Explore these stories with a visit to an IWM site: iwm.org.uk
The First World War Retold: shop.iwm.org.uk/p/26674/The-First-World-War-Retold
Order and license the HD clips used in this video on IWM Film’s website: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/_e4q5lP4A film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/_e4q2n5EA film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/_zEw5AXme
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In our last episode, we explored Britain’s conflicting promises made during the First World War and how it tried to resolve them. In this episode we’ll examine how the Second World War transformed the conflict in Mandate Palestine once again. Why did Britain change its mind about a Jewish homeland, how did a Zionist underground insurgency defeat the British and how were the borders of Israel, Gaza and the West Bank created?
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/4211
Photograph attributions:
Israeli soldiers in battle with the Arab village of Sassa in the upper Galilee. Israeli Government Press Office. CC BY 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.
Amin al Husseini meeting Heinrich Himmler. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101III-Alber-164-18A. Alber, Kurt. CC-BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.
Reference maps attributions:
Map of Jewish settlements and roads in Palestine by the 1 December 1947. It's-is-not-a-genitive on Wikimedia. CC-BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.
Zones controlled by Yishuv by the 20 May 1948. It's-is-not-a-genitive on Wikimedia. CC-BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.
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So why did Britain make these three conflicting promises? How did it try to resolve them? And how did Britain’s strategy in the Middle East help to cause a century of conflict?
Lawrence of Arabia explained: iwm.org.uk/history/who-was-lawrence-of-arabia
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In April of 1982, that debate became a conflict. One which would take the lives of nearly 1,000 people. But for Argentina, it was never meant to be that way. In fact, when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands they believed that Britain wouldn't even respond.
This video is a supercut of a five part series previously posted to this channel.
A short history of the Falklands conflict: iwm.org.uk/history/a-short-history-of-the-falklands-war
Licence the clips used in this film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/c/2184
CC Attributions:
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT DSC by Henry Kellner. CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Washington, White House by Arian Zwegers. CC BY 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Government House in Stanley by John5199. CC BY 2.0
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
The Foreign & Commonwealth Office's main building in Whitehall by UK Government. OGL 2. nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2
Map from Free Vector Maps: http://freevectormaps.com
Argentina.gob.ar (Gobierno de Argentina), CC BY-SA 4.0
Skyhawk: flickr.com/people/30478243@N03 © Armada Argentina
Bomb disposal team - Photo courtesy of MCDOA
Sound effects via ZapSplat
Music:
Mount Pleasant images, Crown copyright, April 2022
Margaret Thatcher images © University of Salford Press Office
Landmine clearance photos via Safe Lane Global
Scott Holmes Music - Conclusion
Kevin MacLeod - Decisions
Sound effects via ZapSplat
The B-17 Flying Fortress was supposed to be a war winning weapon. But by the end of 1943 the American 8th Air Force flying them was at breaking point.
German flak and fighters shot down B-17s in their hundreds, as US Strategic bombing doctrine came face to face with the realities of aerial warfare. Something had to change and change they did.
Just one year later, the 8th Air Force were masters of the air over Europe having dealt a killing blow the German Luftwaffe. So how did they do it? In this video, IWM Curator Dr Hattie Hearn looks at the changes in leadership, tactics and technology that transformed the air war over Nazi occupied Europe.
See these aicraft up close. Plan your visit to IWM Duxford:
iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Discover the stories of the 8th Air Force: americanairmuseum.com
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The 100th was not statistically noteworthy. They won numerous awards, but other groups won more. They didn’t fly the most missions, drop the most bombs, or even suffer the most casualties. In this video, IWM Curator Dr Hattie Hearn examines the real history of 'The Bloody Hundredth'.
Plan your visit to IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
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In the years before the Second World War, this aircraft would have gone relatively unnoticed in the skies of Europe. The Lockheed Electra was a perfect camera platform. It could be fitted with cameras in the cabin and in the leading edge of the wing. And it meant that with its inconspicuous livery, it could fly around as much as an airliner would have done in Europe at the time. And while flying over Germany and the rest of Europe, it was able to take photographs.
There are many myths and legends that have built up around this aircraft, but a name that will always be associated with this particular Lockheed 12 is Sidney Cotton. But what exactly was Sidney Cotton’s involvement with Second World War aerial reconnaissance and did he really use this aircraft to take secret photos, under the noses of Nazi Germany?
Plan your visit to IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Is this the deadliest bomber in history? Find out about the B29 - The aircraft that bombed Hiroshima & Nagasaki: youtu.be/_BKbMQTzaeU?si=5ENRGdVKfFkL_20M
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In the summer of 1941 Adolf Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, his invasion of the Soviet Union. Often described as an epic strategic blunder, the invasion was supposed to reach Moscow in weeks. Instead, four years later, Soviet troops would take Berlin and destroy Nazi Germany.
But was the move really a mistake? In this video we’ll examine why, in the mind of Hitler at least, Germany had to invade the USSR. And how Hitler’s genocidal enterprise in the east might have claimed the lives of many millions more.
*NOTES*
The graph at 3:23 should read 'United Kingdom' rather than 'British Empire'.
The map at 10:04 should include Norway as occupied.
Find out more about the Operation Barbarossa: iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-operation-barbarossa
Why Operation Barbarossa Failed: iwm.org.uk/history/operation-barbarossa-and-germanys-failure-in-the-soviet-union
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/4209
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Attributions:
Herbert Backe / Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-J02034 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Kurt Tank's design of the Focke-Wulf 190 was hunched like a pitbull. Very strong in design. Tapered wing edges. It could roll very fast. It could take a lot of punishment. And the performance was electrifying.
In this video, IWM Duxford's Graham Rodgers explored the history of Germany's 'Butcher Bird'.
Plan your visit to IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/4020
War in the Air book: shop.iwm.org.uk/p/26905/War-In-The-Air---The-Second-World-War-in-Colour
Kurt Tank images:
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-L18396 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-676-7975A-31 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-676-7975A-23 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-676-7975A-28 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
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Find out more about the Gulf War: iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-gulf-war
See these aircraft up close. Plan your visit to IWM Duxford:
iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/_9v4epXmw
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In 1991 the Persian Gulf was the site of a new kind of war. With the latest warfighting technology at their disposal, a US led coalition dismantled the world’s 4th largest army within a matter of days. A feat that, if recent wars are anything to go by, was harder than it looks. So how did they do it?
In this video, IWM curator Megan Joyce takes an in depth look at one history's most one-sided conflicts.
Find out more about the Gulf War: iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-gulf-war
See these aicraft up close. Plan your visit to IWM Duxford:
iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/collections/_DEbW5lOw
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Attributions:
Rubble from an Iraqi scud missile hit by Nathan Alpert, Government Press Office (Israel). CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
The United Nations Security Council Chamber in New York by Patrick Gruban. CC BY-SA 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0
Scud-Launcher outline based on image by Wo st 01. CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
The story of the Spitfire's armament development is complicated and can even be considered controversial to this day. To help us tell that story we've brought in Jonathan Ferguson of Royal Armouries who's going to help us take an in-depth look at the main weapons of the Spitfire.
To hear more from Jonathan Ferguson, be sure to subscribe to @RoyalArmouries YouTube channel: youtube.com/@RoyalArmouries/featured
Fancy taking the pilot’s seat? Book a private talk and unique ‘In the Cockpit’ experience at IWM Duxford to sit at the controls of an airworthy combat veteran Spitfire Mk 1: bit.ly/3rPQe84
See the Hispano cannon in person at the National Museum of Arms and Armour in Leeds: royalarmouries.org
License the footage used in this film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3959
Discover our Spitfire gifts: shop.iwm.org.uk/c-spitfire-gifts-and-memorabilia
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Visit Spies, Lies and Deception at IWM London. Plan your visit:
iwm.org.uk/events/spies-lies-and-deception
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Thumbnail Image Attribution: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-H1216-0500-002 / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Content Warning: distressing accounts of bombings and POW camps from survivors.
Read more about Britain’s history of nuclear weapons here: iwm.org.uk/history/the-history-of-britains-nuclear-weapons
Would you push the nuclear button?
iwm.org.uk/history/would-you-push-the-nuclear-button
See our B-29 up close, visit IWM Duxford. Plan your visit:
iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_Bm29vdOq
This video also contains archive material from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.
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The V2 was expensive, resource intensive and had little strategic value. Few weapons better exemplify Germanys fixation with the wonder weapon, a fictional magic bullet for a war they had already lost. In this video, IWM's Ian Kikuchi takes a closer look at the V2, how it worked, why it was built and what impact it had on the Second World War.
With grateful thanks to Eric Horne, for his kind donation, and to Colin Welch of Research Resource Archaeology, for his expertise and assistance.
Find out more about Hitler's vengeance weapons: iwm.org.uk/history/the-terrifying-german-revenge-weapons-of-the-second-world-war
Find out more about the V1 Flying Bomb: iwm.org.uk/history/the-v1-flying-bomb-hitlers-vengeance-weapon
View and licence the archive films used in this video here: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_PmyALemx
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Attributions:
Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1978-Anh.023-02. CC-BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1978-Anh.024-03. CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en
Visit IWM Duxford: https://www.iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-dux...
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_pmPne2EQ
B-24 plan drawings courtesy of: Kaboldy, CC BY-SA 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
FOTO:FORTEPAN / Erky-Nagy Tibor
Please note - at 2.33 mins into the video, the presenter references an F-86 Super Sabre. The footage shows an F-100 Super Sabre.
At 1:58 there is a brief shot of an F15 cockpit.
Watch another video in this series, on the Hawker Hunter aircraft, here:
youtu.be/IwMhaXajdNM
To see the Phantom F-4 up close, visit IWM Duxford. Plan your visit:
iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
Explore and license the film clips used in this video from IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_wm13a5Ep
This video contains photos courtesy of the following individuals and organisations:
Gojanovic123456789
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21#/media/File:Croatian_MiG-21_(cropped).jpg
German Federal Archive
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1898,_Peenem%C3%BCnde,_Start_Fla-Rakete_%22Wasserfall%22.jpg
Tourbillon
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SA-2_Guideline.JPG
This video also contains archive material from the U.S. Department of Defence (DoD). The appearance of U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.
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Now the British government needed a new aircraft, one that could beat this threat and fly under the radar. It was a huge ask for the technology of the time, but had it been successful the aircraft itself would have been a world beater. In this episode of Duxford in Depth, Liam Shaw takes a detailed look at the aircraft that never was, the BAC TSR-2.
Visit IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3735
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In this final episode of our series sponsored by Company of Heroes 3, we’ll explore the battles for Monte Cassino, the landings at Anzio and the capture of Rome. All to understand whether the entire campaign was worth it at all.
This video is sponsored by Company of Heroes 3: companyofheroes.com/en
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: https://film.iwmcollections.org.uk/my...
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Base map by freevectormaps.com
Archive photos Wikimedia commons courtesy of:
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-316-1195-07 / Demmer / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-579-1965-04A / Appe [Arppe] / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-J15752 / Biedermann / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-579-1957-19 / Girik / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-567-1503B-09 / Toni Schneiders / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-578-1931-03A / Haas / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Visit the Churchill War Rooms and glimpse what life would have been like for staff working there during the Second World War?
Plan your visit: iwm.org.uk/visits/churchill-war-rooms
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But on the 25th of July 1943, everything changed. The Fascist Grand Council deposed the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini and his successor began secret peace negotiations with the Allies. Now, the Allies planned to take advantage of the coup and knock Italy out of the war with an invasion of the Italian mainland.
The invasion was supposed to be a simple one. But the reality was very different. In this second episode of our Italian Campaign series, sponsored by Company of Heroes 3, we'll examine the Allied invasion of Italy and how perilously close it came to catastrophe.
This video is sponsored by Company of Heroes 3: companyofheroes.com/en
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3540
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Base map by freevectormaps.com
Thumbnail base map by Alphathon via Wikimedia commons. CC-BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
View and licence the archive films used in this video here: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3506
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Despite Churchill's claims, there would be no easy victory. Instead, the fighting would be fierce and bloody, with places like Salerno, Anzio and Monte Cassino going down in history as some of the toughest battles of the War.
In this new three-part series, sponsored by Company of Heroes 3, we’ll be taking an in-depth look at the Italian campaign. From the invasion of Sicily to the capture of Rome, we’ll explore the key moments and decisions that shaped the fighting and try to understand was it really worth it?
This video is sponsored by Company of Heroes 3: companyofheroes.com/en
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3517 and film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3540
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By the end of the war, over 95% of Denmark's nearly eight thousand Jews would escape Denmark, and avoid becoming victims of the Holocaust. This survival rate is extraordinary, unfortunately, this was not the case across the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe.
To find out why, we need to go back to 1940.
Visit the Holocaust Galleries at IWM London: iwm.org.uk/events/the-holocaust-galleries
View and licence some of the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_B4XDqY4d
Credits:
USHMM: RG-60.0345; German occupation of Denmark; Accessed at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Bundesarchiv
A large group of Dutch Jews who have just arrived in Theresienstadt are herded into one of the entrances to the camp. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 20255. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Ivan Vojtech Fric.
Prewar portrait of a Danish couple, their daughter and her two Jewish friends in prewar Denmark. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 44560. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Dr. Dov Kischinovsky
A Jewish refugee from Denmark, who was ferried to Sweden during the Danish rescue operation in October 1943, works at his own barbershop in Sweden. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 59695. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Esther Diament Nussbaum
A Jewish mother and her son pose in a park in Copenhagen. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 25279. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Herbert Krogman
Five Danish Jews pose outside a home in Copenhagen. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 75024. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Hetty Klein
A young Jewish boy rides in a toy car on a sidewalk in Copenhagen. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 25261. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Herbert Krogman
Wedding party in Denmark attended by many Jewish religious leaders. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 84541. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Leo Goldberger
A Jewish couple from Denmark who was ferried to safety in Sweden poses with the Swedish family who hosted them in the backyard of their home in Landskrona. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 59715. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Birthe Trommer
Students and teachers in a school for Danish refugees in Goteborg, Sweden. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 01216. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Leo Goldberger
A Jewish family from Denmark who was ferried to safety in Sweden, has Christmas dinner at the home a Swedish family in Landskrona. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 59716. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Birthe Trommer
Danish fishermen (foreground) ferry a boatload of fugitives across a narrow sound to neutral Sweden. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 70737. Copyright of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Frihedsmuseet, Copenhagen
Wikimedia Commons:
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B%C3%A5d_med_j%C3%B8der_p%C3%A5_vej_fra_Falster_til_Ystad_i_Sverige_(5709133933)_(2).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Overrabiner_Friediger_i_synagoen_(6045730410)_(2).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcus_Melchior.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mystic_Seaport_Gerda_III.JPG
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WP_Georg_Ferdinand_Duckwitz.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F008672-0027,_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt,_Rabbiner_aus_USA.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Werner_Best_1942.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christian_X_of_Denmark_on_horse_at_Gyldenl%C3%B8vesgade.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F008672-0032,_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt,_Rabbiner_aus_USA.jpg
The 70s, 80s and 90s had seen a number of peace talks and negotiations , but thanks to extremists on both sides these had always broken down. The challenge was maintaining a Paramilitary ceasefire long enough for political talks to bear fruit. Ending a conflict as bitter as this one, would not be easy.
In the last episode we examined how all sides of the conflict had become exhausted by the violence. Now, in this final episode of our Troubles series we’ll explain the timeline of events that lead to Good Friday, how the deal worked and why Northern Ireland’s peace remains fragile to this day.
Watch the rest of our Troubles series:
Episode 1 - Origins: youtu.be/IHLYeBtGvOg
Episode 2 - Escalation: youtu.be/fGo17SIvMRM
Episode 3 - Division: youtu.be/NNmcRoNMC5E
Episode 4 - Peace: youtu.be/F5RlWxirYYM
Behind the scenes of our exhibition - youtu.be/l5szVTilBEo
IIWM's free exhibition 'Northern Ireland: Living with the Troubles' opens at IWM North on 22 March 2024. Plan your visit: iwm.org.uk/events/northern-ireland-living-with-the-troubles-iwm-north
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3353
Follow IWM on social media:
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CC Attributions:
The Belfast Agreement by Northern Ireland Office under OGLv3.0 – nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3
The St Andrews Agreement by Northern Ireland Office under OGLv3.0 –nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3
Mo Mowlam 1997 by Northern Ireland Office under OGLv3.0 – nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3
Bertie Ahern in 1997 by Mark Renders / European Communities
Stormont Building by Wknight94 under CC BY SA 3.0 – creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Martin McGuinness and Ian Paisley by Scottish Government under CC BY SA 2.0 – creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
1997 UK Election by Dereck Camacho under CC BY SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Northern Ireland Forum Election results by Elector Factor under CC BY SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
1998 Election results by Elector Factor under CC BY SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
2003 Election results by Elector Factor under CC BY SA 4.0 – creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
2007 Election results by Elector Factor under CC BY SA 4.0 – creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UK and Ireland maps by FreeVectorMaps.com - freevectormaps.com
Watch the rest of our Troubles series:
Episode 1 - Origins: youtu.be/IHLYeBtGvOg
Episode 2 - Escalation: youtu.be/fGo17SIvMRM
Episode 3 - Division: youtu.be/NNmcRoNMC5E
Episode 4 - Peace: youtu.be/F5RlWxirYYM
Behind the scenes of our exhibition - youtu.be/l5szVTilBEo
IWM's free exhibition 'Northern Ireland: Living with the Troubles' opens at IWM North on 22 March 2024. Plan your visit: iwm.org.uk/events/northern-ireland-living-with-the-troubles-iwm-north
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3353
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
Instagram: instagram.com/imperialwarmuseums
Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
Image Credits
John Hume via John Mathew Smith/𝒲.
Gerry Adams and John Hume via Belfast Telegraph
Gerry Adams image via Sinn Féin
Gerry Adams, Albert Reynolds and John Hume via Independent.ie
Ireland Unfree Mural via Guinnog
From Conflict to Peace Mural via ManfredHugh
Londonderry Mural via Ktoma
No Surrender Mural via Fribbler
In our last episode we explored the origins of the conflict. Now, we explore the deadliest decade of the Troubles and the events that would change the conflict entirely.
Watch the rest of our Troubles series:
Episode 1 - Origins: youtu.be/IHLYeBtGvOg
Episode 2 - Escalation: youtu.be/fGo17SIvMRM
Episode 3 - Division: youtu.be/NNmcRoNMC5E
Episode 4 - Peace: youtu.be/F5RlWxirYYM
Behind the scenes of our exhibition - youtu.be/l5szVTilBEo
IWM's free exhibition 'Northern Ireland: Living with the Troubles' opens at IWM North on 22 March 2024. Plan your visit: iwm.org.uk/events/northern-ireland-living-with-the-troubles-iwm-north
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3353
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
Instagram: instagram.com/imperialwarmuseums
Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
Watch the rest of our Troubles series:
Episode 1 - Origins: youtu.be/IHLYeBtGvOg
Episode 2 - Escalation: youtu.be/fGo17SIvMRM
Episode 3 - Division: youtu.be/NNmcRoNMC5E
Episode 4 - Peace: youtu.be/F5RlWxirYYM
Behind the scenes of our exhibition - youtu.be/l5szVTilBEo
IWM's free exhibition 'Northern Ireland: Living with the Troubles' opens at IWM North on 22 March 2024. Plan your visit: iwm.org.uk/events/northern-ireland-living-with-the-troubles-iwm-north
Explore and licence the film clips used in this video from IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3353
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
Instagram: instagram.com/imperialwarmuseums
Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
In this video, our expert Graham Rodgers walks us through the history and technical aspects of this iconic aircraft.
Visit IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_WO3GKnOD
War in the Air book: shop.iwm.org.uk/p/26905/War-In-The-Air---The-Second-World-War-in-Colour
In this video, our expert Liam Shaw takes us around the details of the Gloster Meteor and its pioneering history.
Visit IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_2mxLJMmx
Credits:
Gloster Meteor F.8 Prone Pilot via Alan Wilson on Flickr
616 Squadron Meteor via RuthAS
North American F-86F Sabre via D. Miller on Flickr
To find out, we spoke to Ed Arnold, Research Fellow, European Security at RUSI, to uncover what went wrong for Russia during those crucial first 10 days of the conflict.
*Notes* - Unit movements are illustrative
'Ukraine: Photographs from the Front Line' is now open at IWM London. Plan your free visit: iwm.org.uk/events/iwm-london-ukraine-exhibition
SOURCES
RUSI study on the early phases of the War in Ukraine - rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/special-resources/preliminary-lessons-conventional-warfighting-russias-invasion-ukraine-february-july-2022
ISW Interactive time-lapse of Russia's war in Ukraine - storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/733fe90805894bfc8562d90b106aa895
Follow IWM on social media:
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CREDITS
Russian military footage by Mil.ru - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kremlin footage by Kremlin.ru - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ukrainian footage by Armyinform.com.ua - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Volodymyr Zelenskyy at COP 26 by President.gov.ua - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Vladimir Putin photograph by Kremlin.ru - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Location map of Ukraine by NordNordWest. CC BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Maps by freevectormaps.com
And yet the German Army of 1914 was still confident of victory. In August, they launched a huge enveloping attack through Belgium, smashing the Allied forces in battle after battle, and Germany seemed to be on the brink of victory.
But just as Paris hoved into view, the tide of the battle, and arguably the whole war, changed. French and British forces counterattacked at the Battle of the Marne and forced the Germans back. Leaving their plan for a short war in tatters. So, what went wrong? Why did the German plan fail? And how close did it come to succeeding?
Explore these stories with a visit to an IWM site: iwm.org.uk
Order and license the HD clips used in this video on IWM Film’s website:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3252
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
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'War Map of Europe' Courtesy of University of Illinois Library.
Bataille de la Marne - Intitulée Route de Varredes by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Bataille de la Marne, Combat D'Etrepilly - canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 tirant sur une ferme occupée par les Allemand by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Lee Enfield SMLE n°1 MKIII firing by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Bataille de la Marne - Attente avant la charge en plaine de Chaintrix by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Bataille de la Marne - Septembre 1914, Plateau d'Etrepilly aux abords du cimetière-charge à la baionnette by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
Bataille de la Marne , Combat D'Etrepilly, Artillerie de Campagne en position à l'entrée du village by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
En face du village d'Ambleny, un pont de bateaux avait été, pendant la nuit, établi par le Génie by Antoine Vasse Nicolas. (CC BY 2.0). creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
One year on from the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, we talk to Research Fellow Emily Ferris from RUSI about the origins of the Russo-Ukrainian War and how it’s developed over the past nine years, as well as to photojournalist Anastasia Taylor-Lind who was working in Ukraine between 2014 and 2022.
Anastasia Taylor-Lind's photography display 'Ukraine: Photographs from the Front Line' is now open at IWM London. Plan your free visit: iwm.org.uk/events/iwm-london-ukraine-exhibition
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
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Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
CREDITS
Photos of the ‘Little Green Men’ in Crimea in 2014 © Ilya Varlamov
Crimean Tatars: www.memory.gov.ua
Photos of Ukraine’s Independence 1991 © ukrinform.net
Photo of the H. Pshenychnoy Center for the Development of Social Sciences and Humanities.
Photo of Yanukovych © ВАДИМ ЧУПРИНА
Photo of G7 meeting 2014: Crown copyright. Photographer: Arron Hoare
Video footage of the March 2014 Crimean referendum voting polls via YT Юрий Дейнека / Yuri Deineka
Minsk Agreement meeting AFP PHOTO / PRESIDENTIAL PRESS SERVICE / POOL / MYKOLA LAZARENKO
Merkel and Putin at the 70th anniversary of D-Day via Kremlin.ru
Asia-Europe (ASEM) Summit meeting of the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, Germany and France, October 2014 via Kremlin.ru
Angela Merkel, Vladimir Putin, François Hollande at the Kremlin via Kremlin.ru
War tanks of pro-Russian separatists on February 23, 2022 heading for the Donbass-Ukraine border via Gennadiy Dubovoy
President Zelenskiy at the ballot box 2019 via Фото Миколи Лазаренка / The Presidential Office of Ukraine.
Volodymyr Zelensky 2019 presidential inauguration via Mykhaylo Markiv / The Presidential Administration of Ukraine
A Russia-backed rebel armored fighting vehicles convoy near Donetsk via Mstyslav Chernov
Battalion "Donbas" in Donetsk region via Ліонкінг
Protests in Donetsk © Andrew Butko. (commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Butko)
Zelensky, Merkel, Macron, Putin in talks 2019 via www.kremlin.ru
Participants of the First Summit of the Crimean Platform via ОПУ
Crimean Platform photos via the website of the President of Ukraine
Location map of Ukraine by NordNordWest. CC BY-SA 3.0. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Maps by freevectormaps.com
Worst of all however, in December of 1941 the United States entered the war of the Allies side. Above all, Hitler feared a war on two fronts, particularly against the industrial power of the United States. His window of opportunity to win the war was closing fast. For Hitler the extensive oilfields of the southern Caucasus were the key to victory, without them the war could not be won.
The campaign to capture that oil would culminate in the bloodiest battle of the Second World War, the Battle of Stalingrad. But although it is seen by many as the turning point of the entire war, the outcome of the battle may have been decided well before the Germans even reached the city.
Find out more:
Watch more Second World War stories: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLolzHiCNNbO_cFlnAjPpoTGUiPCnjcx9A
Everything you need to know about the battle: iwm.org.uk/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-stalingrad
Explore these stories with a visit to an IWM site: iwm.org.uk
Order and license the HD clips used in this video on IWM Film’s website:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_x40Ld54X
Maps by freevectormaps.com
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
Instagram: instagram.com/imperialwarmuseums
Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
Explore and licence the archive films used in this video on the IWM Film website: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/_7O8eRlm2
CREDITS:
First and second battleship squadrons and small cruisers of the German Navy, in Kiel Harbor, Germany, circa 1911-14 © National Archives at College Park
But were British soldiers really lions led by donkeys?
Modern historians are challenging this idea and looking anew at Haig and his commanders to produce are more nuanced view of their command and generalship in the First World War.
Find out more:
Watch more First World War stories: youtube.com/watch?v=c7nUDLKKEBY&list=PLolzHiCNNbO98fnufk1ohzLRUOcRQ0Gtg
What happened during the battle: iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-during-the-battle-of-the-somme
Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig: iwm.org.uk/history/field-marshal-sir-douglas-haig
Explore these stories with a visit to an IWM site: iwm.org.uk
Order and license the HD clips used in this video on IWM Film’s website:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/2982
Follow IWM on social media:
Twitter: twitter.com/I_W_M
Instagram: instagram.com/imperialwarmuseums
Facebook: facebook.com/iwm.london
Find out more about our War Games Exhibition: iwm.org.uk/events/war-games
What can video games tell us about war and conflict?: iwm.org.uk/history/what-can-video-games-tell-us-about-war-and-conflict
Articles mentioned:
theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/05/two-british-special-forces-soldiers-injured-by-isis-in-syria
bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62083196
CC Attributions:
Ukraine war footage by mil.ru (CC-BY 4.0)
Book tickets to IWM Duxford now to catch the Hurricane spotlight exhibition, running 27 Dec - 19 Feb: iwm.org.uk/events/Hurricane-unsung-hero
Visit the Battle of Britain hangar at IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film:
film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/3081
Discover our Spitfire gifts: shop.iwm.org.uk/c-spitfire-gifts-and-memorabilia
Credits:
Produktion von Messerschmitt Bf 109 via German Federal Archives
Watch the full video here: youtu.be/Y7bBCWL7e-4
IWM's free photography display 'Ukraine: Photographs from the Front Line' opens at IWM London on 3 February: iwm.org.uk/events/iwm-london-ukraine-exhibition
Licence the archive clips used in this film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/2740
For information about licensing HD clips please email filmcommercial@iwm.org.uk
Creative Commons Attributions:
Russian footage by Mil.ru - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ukrainian footage by armyinform.com.ua - CC BY-SA 4.0 - creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Donbass War photographs by Noah Brooks Photo - CC BY-SA 2.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0
Russian tanks have taken heavy losses in Ukraine. Countless images of decapitated turrets and burnt-out wrecks have made headlines around the world with some proclaiming the death of the tank altogether. They argue that the threat of artillery, drones, and man portable anti-tank missiles makes them extra vulnerable on the modern battlefield and an unsustainable risk to their crews. But is that really true? It turns out that, rather than the tank itself, Russia's tactics may be to blame for these losses.
IWM's free photography display 'Ukraine: Photographs from the Front Line' opens at IWM London on 3 February: iwm.org.uk/events/iwm-london-ukraine-exhibition
Licence the archive clips used in this film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/2740
For information about licensing HD clips please email filmcommercial@iwm.org.uk
Creative Commons Attributions:
Russian footage by Mil.ru (CC BY 4.0) creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ukrainian footage by armyinform.com.ua (CC BY 4.0) creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Photograph of destroyed T-72 no turret by Kyivcity.gov.ua creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Photograph of destroyed T-72 with turret by Enno Lenze creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
Photograph of destruction in Bucha by www.president.gov.ua creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Photograph of M777 Howitzer www.mil.gov.ua creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Photograph of CAESAR Howitzer www.mil.gov.ua creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
We look at how Ukraine's air defences have created a denial of air space, and the history of surface to air missile systems, which has led to a lot of the SAMS in the war in Ukraine dating back to the Soviet era. As the skies have become more dangerous due to advanced SAM technology, we’ve seen the development of new systems to resist air dominance, such as new surveillance and combat drones.
IWM's free photography display 'Ukraine: Photographs from the Front Line' opens at IWM London on 3 February: iwm.org.uk/events/iwm-london-ukraine-exhibition
IMAGE CREDITS
Russian footage via Mil.ru (CC BY 4.0)
Ukrainian footage via armyinform.com.ua (CC BY 4.0)
The crash site of a Russian Su-34 shot down over the private sector of Chernihiv via dsns.gov.ua
Soviet Air Defence Documentary Series by Wings of Russia Studio
Russian helicopter Mi-35 shot down by Ukrainian forces via armyinform.com.ua
Ukrainian servicemen with downed Russian drone via dshv.mil.gov.ua
Shahed 136 drone via Iranian ministry of defence
Book tickets to IWM Duxford now to catch the Hurricane spotlight exhibition, running 27 Dec - 19 Feb: iwm.org.uk/events/Hurricane-unsung-hero
Visit the Battle of Britain hangar at IWM Duxford: iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-duxford
View and licence the archive film clips used in this video on IWM Film: film.iwmcollections.org.uk/mycollections/index/2929
Battle of Britain - A Visual History: shop.iwm.org.uk/p/28186/Battle-of-Britain---A-Visual-History
CREDITS
Photo of Hurricane production at Brooklands via brooklandsmuseum.com
Photo of Beatrice Shilling via kenleyrevival.org