Uploaded September 2023 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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This video, shot on location in Istanbul, explores the walls of Byzantine Constantinople - and describes how they finally fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:44 The Rhegium Gate
1:37 The design of the walls
2:48 The Golden Gate
3:51 Defying invaders
4:45 The Ottoman threat
5:36 The Mesoteichon vs. Mehmed's guns
6:58 The Kaligaria Gate
7:22 The final assault
8:16 The Kerkoporta
8:41 The Turks take the walls
9:44 The Charisius Gate