Uploaded November 2021 | Updated September 2026, 13 hours ago
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Free Video Series: Open Questions in AI and Neuroscience:
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Show notes: braininspired.co/podcast/119
Henry and I discuss why he thinks neuroscience is in a crisis (in the Thomas Kuhn sense of scientific paradigms, crises, and revolutions). Henry thinks our current concept of the brain as an input-output device, with cognition in the middle, is mistaken. He points to the failure of neuroscience to successfully explain behavior despite decades of research. Instead, Henry proposes the brain is one big hierarchical set of control loops, trying to control their output with respect to internally generated reference signals. He was inspired by control theory, but points out that most control theory for biology is flawed by not recognizing that the reference signals are internally generated. Instead, most control theory approaches, and neuroscience research in general, assume the reference signals are what gets externally supplied... by the experimenter.
0:00 - Intro
5:40 - Kuhnian crises
9:32 - Control theory and cybernetics
17:23 - How much of brain is control system?
20:33 - Higher order control representation
23:18 - Prediction and control theory
27:36 - The way forward
31:52 - Compatibility with mental representation
38:29 - Teleology
45:53 - The right number of subjects
51:30 - Continuous measurement
57:06 - Artificial intelligence and control theory
Patreon for full episodes and Discord community:
patreon.com/braininspired
Free Video Series: Open Questions in AI and Neuroscience:
braininspired.co/open
Show notes: braininspired.co/podcast/119
Henry and I discuss why he thinks neuroscience is in a crisis (in the Thomas Kuhn sense of scientific paradigms, crises, and revolutions). Henry thinks our current concept of the brain as an input-output device, with cognition in the middle, is mistaken. He points to the failure of neuroscience to successfully explain behavior despite decades of research. Instead, Henry proposes the brain is one big hierarchical set of control loops, trying to control their output with respect to internally generated reference signals. He was inspired by control theory, but points out that most control theory for biology is flawed by not recognizing that the reference signals are internally generated. Instead, most control theory approaches, and neuroscience research in general, assume the reference signals are what gets externally supplied... by the experimenter.
0:00 - Intro
5:40 - Kuhnian crises
9:32 - Control theory and cybernetics
17:23 - How much of brain is control system?
20:33 - Higher order control representation
23:18 - Prediction and control theory
27:36 - The way forward
31:52 - Compatibility with mental representation
38:29 - Teleology
45:53 - The right number of subjects
51:30 - Continuous measurement
57:06 - Artificial intelligence and control theory
