Andrej Bauer: Classically laughable theorems @ToposInstitute
Andrej Bauer: Classically laughable theorems  @ToposInstitute
Uploaded April 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Topos Institute Colloquium, 2nd of April 2026.
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In intuitionistic mathematics one encounters theorems that may seem strange, even laughable, to a classically trained mathematician. Yet, interpreted internally in toposes and other non-classical models, they carry genuine mathematical content. For example, Lawvere’s fixed-point theorem says that if there is a surjection $A \to B^A$, then every endomap on $B$ has a fixed point; classically the precondition forces $B$ to be a singleton. Likewise, a statement that is false in classical set theory can be meaningful internally: in the effective topos there exists a set that is neither finite nor infinite. In the talk we will try not to laugh, and instead explain how such claims acquire substance once the viewpoint expands beyond classical mathematics.
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Andrej Bauer: Classically laughable theorems

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