Uploaded May 2023 | Updated September 2026, 1 hour ago

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Sources:
"A Brief History of Saudi Arabia" by James Wynbrandt (2010). Facts on File: Infobase Publishing, New York.
britannica.com/place/Saudi-Arabia

Pictures Requiring Attribution:

Kalamazadkhan: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hermitage_Masjid_-_The_Azan_%28Call_to_Prayer%29.jpg/1638px-Hermitage_Masjid_-_The_Azan_%28Call_to_Prayer%29.jpg
Sailko: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aert_de_gelder,_abramo_e_gli_angeli,_1680-85_ca.jpg
MWahaiibii: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lihyan_Map.svg
Sammy Six: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madain_Saleh_(6811791359).jpg
Anthony Huan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Assyrians_pursue_Arabs_on_camelback._Ashurbanipal,_North_Palace_of_Nineveh._660-650_BCE.jpg
Allan Gluck: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Assyrian_Relief_depicting_Battle_with_Camel_Rider_from_Kalhu_(Nimrud)_Central_Palace_Tiglath_pileser_III_728_BCE_British_Museum_AG.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neo-Babylonian_Empire_under_Nebuchadnezzar_II.png
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Achaemenid_Empire_at_its_greatest_extent_according_to_Oxford_Atlas_of_World_History_2002.jpg
Rowanwindwhistler: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dinast%C3%ADaSele%C3%BAcida323-60ADeC-pt.svg
Golden: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parthia.png
OatCookies: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muhammad_Masjid_an-Nabawi_Calligraphy.png
NordNordWest: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saudi_Arabia_location_map.svg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg
Rama: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arab_sabre-IMG_0779-a-white.jpg
Hardscarf: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Khaybar_-_deserted_houses.jpg
Osmanzain: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saudi_nature_baljorashi.jpg
Prof. Mortel: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Sea_sunset;_Umm_Lajj,_Saudi_Arabia_(1).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DSC_4066_(4593176562).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hajj_2010_-_1431H_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English_(3).jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muslims_praying_to_Mecca._Engraving._Wellcome_V0036012.jpg
Khalili Collections / CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khalili_Collection_Hajj_and_Arts_of_Pilgrimage_ARC.pt_0075_large.jpg
Genius M.Nasim: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:100,000s_year%27s_old_stone_Hajray_Aswad.jpg
Jasmkssnksskskskskz: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Jabrid_sultanate_under_Ajwad_bin_Zamil.png
AbdurRahman AbdulMoneim: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_saudi_state.png
Dz-Editor: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kamel_Aouissi.jpg
The-: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Territorial_changes_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1912_corrected.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_visit_of_King_Saud_bin_AbdulAziz_%26_King_Hussain_of_Jordan_to_the_Holy_City_of_Jerusalem_in_1953.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slaven_afkomstig_uit_Djedda_te_Mekka,_KITLV_90576.tiff
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia_and_King_Hussain_of_Jordan_visit_to_Jerusalem_in_1953.jpg
File:Israeli Air Force during the Yom Kippur War, October 1973 I.jpg - Wikimedia Commons
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yom_Kippur_War._XXVII.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al_Futah,_Riyadh_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio_(1).jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eurofighter_EF-2000_Typhoon_Royal_Saudi_Air_Force_ZK087_-_Will_be_319_%26_ZK088_-_Will_be_320_(9682153284).jpg
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Air_strike_in_Sana%27a_11-5-2015.jpg
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-1.jpg
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/08-14_17_March_for_Yemen_%2850228091222%29.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021_Freedom_House_world_map.png
Mohammed Tawsif Salam: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Muslim_Couple_with_Toddler_at_Masjid_al-Haram,_6_April_2015.JPG
Sm.mhmk: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M_Hotel_Makkah_by_Millennium.jpg
Imam Khairul Annas: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hotels_near_Nabawi_Mosque.JPG

Audio:
freesound.org/people/ejaz215/sounds/33937

#saudiarabia #history