Uploaded July 2020 | Updated September 2026, 6 hours ago
Sources:
A History of France (2018) by John Julius Norwich. Atlantic Monthly Press, New York.
A Concise History of France (2005) by Roger Price. Cambridge University Press, UK.
A Brief History of France (2011) by Paul E. State. Facts on File, Inc. New York, NY.
britannica.com/place/France/The-Napoleonic-era
Audio Requiring Attribution:
Laurens Goedhart: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clair_de_lune_(Claude_Debussy)_Suite_bergamasque.ogg
Inritter: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Sinfonia_Concertante_f%C3%BCr_Violine,_Viola_und_Orchester_-_1._Allegro_m%C3%A6stoso.ogg
Pictures Requiring Attribution:
Wolfgang Sauber: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KMM_-_Kopf_1.jpg
Treanna: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peuples_gaulois.jpg
CrespiCarmelite: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Celt.jpg
Caliniuc since Putzger & Westermann atlases (Atlas zur Weltgeschichte, Stier, H.E., dir., 1985):
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_Minor_in_the_Greco-Roman_period_-_general_map_-_regions_and_main_settlements.jpg
Caesar_campaigns_gaul-fr.svg: historicair 14:51, 8 July 2007 (UTC): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caesar_campaigns_gaul-en.svg
Hans A. Rosbach: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altes_Rathaus_G%C3%B6ttingen_20110802-18.JPG
Lucie2beaugency: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chartres_Cath%C3%A9drale_rosace.jpg
Larry Johnson: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Louis_IX,_Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur_de_Montmartre,_Paris_2009.jpg
Sodacan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg
Vassil: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A9pulcre_Ligier_Richier_301008_02.jpg
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R09876 / CC-BY-SA 3.0: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R09876,_Ruhrbesetzung.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00769,_Dortmund,_Letzte_Franzosen_verlassen_die_Stadt.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-16196,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Reichsparteitag,_SA-_und_SS-Appell.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-036-09A,_Paris,_Parade_auf_der_Champs_Elys%C3%A9e.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1982-089-18,_Waffenstillstand_von_Compi%C3%A8gne,_Unterh%C3%A4ndler.jpg?uselang=fr
Unknown: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rue_de_la_Paix_seen_from_l%27Opera,_Parijs_1959.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,_Parijs_1959_foto_3.jpg
Roger Wollstadt: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boulevard_des_Capucines_May_11,_1960.jpg
Don O'Brien: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_1962_Traffic.jpg
Didier Bonnette: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_D%C3%A9fense,_29_November_2014_001.jpg
Ianaré: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramway_Marseille_Sadi_Carnot_1.JPG
Dimitri Destugues: it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_La_D%C3%A9fense.jpg
David Bertho: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense,_Paris_2014.jpg?uselang=fr
Federico Grechi: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fashion_photography_in_Paris,_2_July_2017.jpg
Simon Ackerman: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magdalena_Frackowiak.jpg
Jacques Lameloise: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Lameloise,_escab%C3%A8che_d%27%C3%A9crevisses_sur_gaspacho_d%27asperge_et_cresson.jpg
Christian Misje: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gojira_BergenCalling2011_ChristianMisje-5171.jpg
David Monniaux: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laure_Manaudou_dsc03675.jpg?uselang=fr
Public domain / Arquivo Nacional Collection: fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Jean_Renoir_(1959).tif
Georges Biard: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Carole_Bouquet_2001.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sophie_Marceau_C%C3%A9sars_1996.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Audrey_Tautou_Cannes.jpg
#France #History
Sources:
A History of France (2018) by John Julius Norwich. Atlantic Monthly Press, New York.
A Concise History of France (2005) by Roger Price. Cambridge University Press, UK.
A Brief History of France (2011) by Paul E. State. Facts on File, Inc. New York, NY.
britannica.com/place/France/The-Napoleonic-era
Audio Requiring Attribution:
Laurens Goedhart: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clair_de_lune_(Claude_Debussy)_Suite_bergamasque.ogg
Inritter: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rorate_Caeli_~_Gregorian_Chant.ogg
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Sinfonia_Concertante_f%C3%BCr_Violine,_Viola_und_Orchester_-_1._Allegro_m%C3%A6stoso.ogg
Pictures Requiring Attribution:
Wolfgang Sauber: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KMM_-_Kopf_1.jpg
Treanna: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peuples_gaulois.jpg
CrespiCarmelite: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Celt.jpg
Caliniuc since Putzger & Westermann atlases (Atlas zur Weltgeschichte, Stier, H.E., dir., 1985):
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_Minor_in_the_Greco-Roman_period_-_general_map_-_regions_and_main_settlements.jpg
Caesar_campaigns_gaul-fr.svg: historicair 14:51, 8 July 2007 (UTC): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caesar_campaigns_gaul-en.svg
Hans A. Rosbach: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altes_Rathaus_G%C3%B6ttingen_20110802-18.JPG
Lucie2beaugency: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chartres_Cath%C3%A9drale_rosace.jpg
Larry Johnson: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Louis_IX,_Basilique_du_Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur_de_Montmartre,_Paris_2009.jpg
Sodacan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Valois_France.svg
Vassil: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A9pulcre_Ligier_Richier_301008_02.jpg
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R09876 / CC-BY-SA 3.0: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R09876,_Ruhrbesetzung.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00769,_Dortmund,_Letzte_Franzosen_verlassen_die_Stadt.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-16196,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Reichsparteitag,_SA-_und_SS-Appell.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1994-036-09A,_Paris,_Parade_auf_der_Champs_Elys%C3%A9e.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1982-089-18,_Waffenstillstand_von_Compi%C3%A8gne,_Unterh%C3%A4ndler.jpg?uselang=fr
Unknown: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rue_de_la_Paix_seen_from_l%27Opera,_Parijs_1959.jpg ; commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,_Parijs_1959_foto_3.jpg
Roger Wollstadt: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boulevard_des_Capucines_May_11,_1960.jpg
Don O'Brien: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_1962_Traffic.jpg
Didier Bonnette: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_D%C3%A9fense,_29_November_2014_001.jpg
Ianaré: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramway_Marseille_Sadi_Carnot_1.JPG
Dimitri Destugues: it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_La_D%C3%A9fense.jpg
David Bertho: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense,_Paris_2014.jpg?uselang=fr
Federico Grechi: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fashion_photography_in_Paris,_2_July_2017.jpg
Simon Ackerman: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magdalena_Frackowiak.jpg
Jacques Lameloise: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Lameloise,_escab%C3%A8che_d%27%C3%A9crevisses_sur_gaspacho_d%27asperge_et_cresson.jpg
Christian Misje: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gojira_BergenCalling2011_ChristianMisje-5171.jpg
David Monniaux: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laure_Manaudou_dsc03675.jpg?uselang=fr
Public domain / Arquivo Nacional Collection: fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Jean_Renoir_(1959).tif
Georges Biard: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Carole_Bouquet_2001.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sophie_Marceau_C%C3%A9sars_1996.jpg ; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Audrey_Tautou_Cannes.jpg
#France #History
